Dziwani za atumiki awiri achinsinsi omwe amalimbitsa mafupa athu: Osteoblasts ndi Osteoclasts

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti mafupa athu ndi olimba bwanji chonchi? Kapena momwe, mkono kapena mwendo ukasweka, umachira ndikumeranso? ​​Tikamaganizira za mafupa, timawaona ngati zinthu zopanda moyo, zofanana ndi miyala. Koma kwenikweni, mafupa athu ndi amoyo, amasintha minofu nthawi zonse, monga matupi athu ena onse. Pali antchito awiri ofunikira kwambiri omwe akugwira ntchito yodabwitsayi. Tikambirana za iwo lero.

Kodi ma osteoblast ndi ma osteoclast awa ndi ndani?

Mwachidule, ma osteoblast ndi ma osteoclast ndi mitundu iwiri ya maselo apadera omwe amapezeka mkati mwa mafupa athu. Pamodzi, amakulitsa mafupa athu, amawasunga olimba, ndikukonzanso malo osweka ndi osweka.

Maselo awiriwa amapitiriza kugwira ntchito osati kuyambira tili ana mpaka titakula, komanso ngakhale titakula. Monga gulu losamalira.

• Ma Osteoblast: Amawaona ngati "opanga matabwa" a mafupa. Amamanga minofu yatsopano ya mafupa ndikulimbitsa mafupa omwe alipo. Mu Chingerezi, amatchedwa "blasts for builders." Izi zikutanthauza kuti amamanga.
• Ma Osteoclast: Awa ndi "oyeretsa". Amaswa ndi kusungunula zidutswa zakale za mafupa, zowonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti fupa latsopano, lolimba lipangidwe. Mu Chingerezi, amatchedwa "clasts for cleaners". Izi zikutanthauza oyeretsa.

Awiriwa amagwira ntchito limodzi ngati gulu limodzi. Chimodzi chimachotsa chakale, ndipo china chimamanga chatsopano m'malo mwake. Njira imeneyi timaitcha kukonzanso mafupa.

Kodi kwenikweni chimachitika ndi maselo a osteoblast?

Monga tanenera kale, ma osteoblast ndi omwe amamanga mafupa. Ali ndi ntchito zitatu zazikulu:

1. Kukula mafupa atsopano: Pamene tikukula kuyambira tili ana mpaka kukhala akuluakulu, mafupa athu amatalika ndi kukula chifukwa cha maselo amenewa.

2. Kukonzanso Mafupa: Pamene tikukalamba, zimathandiza kusintha mawonekedwe ndi mphamvu ya mafupa athu kuti zigwirizane ndi moyo wathu.

3. Kuchiritsa mafupa osweka ndi owonongeka: Fupa likasweka, ndi maselo a osteoblast amenewa omwe amapanga minofu yatsopano ya mafupa kuti achiritse.

Tangoganizirani dzenje lomwe lili pamsewu. Pamene omanga misewu akubwera ndikudzaza dzenjelo ndi phula latsopano, fupa likawonongeka, maselo a osteoblast amalowamo ndikulikonza.

Kodi ntchito imeneyi imachitika bwanji?

Pamene fupa likufunika kukula kapena likawonongeka, maselo a osteoblast amenewa amalandira chizindikiro kuchokera ku mahomoni ndi mankhwala m'thupi lathu. Kenako amapanga chisakanizo chapadera cha mapuloteni. Chimatchedwa bone matrix . Izi makamaka ndi collagen.Lili ndi mapuloteni, mchere monga calcium ndi phosphate.

Kenako fupa lokonzedwa bwinoli limayikidwa m'fupa ngati matope a simenti. Pakapita nthawi, chisakanizochi chimalimba ndikukhala cholimba, ndikupanga minofu yatsopano ya mafupa.

Kodi ma osteocyte awa ndi ndani?

Ma osteocyte ndi "alonda" kapena "oyang'anira" mkati mwa mafupa. Maselo awa ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'mafupa. Amayang'anira nthawi zonse kupanikizika ndi kulemera komwe fupa likumva. Ngati pali mng'alu waung'ono kapena kuwonongeka kwa fupa, maselo a osteocyte awa ndi omwe amayamba kuzindikira. Akangozindikira, amatumiza zizindikiro ku ma osteoblast (omwe amamanga) ndi ma osteoclast (omwe amasweka) omwe tidakambirana kale, nati, "Pali vuto apa, bwerani mudzaone." Kenako magulu awiriwa amabwera ndikuyamba ntchito yokonza.

Ndiye nchiyani chimachitika ndi maselo a osteoclast?

Ma Osteoclast ndi "gulu lochotsa zinyalala" m'mafupa. Amasungunula ndikuchotsa minofu yakale, yofooka, komanso yowonongeka ya mafupa. Amachita izi kuti maselo a osteoblast apange minofu yatsopano komanso yolimba ya mafupa.

Amatulutsa mtundu wapadera wa enzyme. Ma enzyme amenewa amasungunula minofu yakale ya mafupa. Koma izi sizoyipa monga momwe mungaganizire. Sizili ngati chitsulo chosungunula asidi monga momwe zilili m'zojambula. Iyi ndi njira yolamulidwa bwino komanso yolondola . Malo okhawo omwe amalembedwa ndi ma osteocytes kuti "gawo ili lokha ndiloyenera kuchotsedwa" ndi omwe amasungunuka ndikuchotsedwa ndi maselo a osteoclast.

Zidutswa zakalezo zikachotsedwa, timabowo tating'ono timapangika pamwamba pa fupa. Kenako, ma osteoblast amayamba kugwira ntchito. Amalowa ndikudzaza mabowowo ndi mafupa atsopano, ndikupanga fupa latsopano komanso lolimba.

Kodi pali matenda aliwonse omwe amakhudza ntchito ya maselo awa?

Inde. Mafupa athu ndi athanzi bola ngati maselo awiriwa akugwira ntchito bwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti payenera kukhala mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa kuchuluka kwa kapangidwe ka maselo ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchotsedwa kwa maselo. Koma ngati kusiyana kumeneku kwatayika, matenda osiyanasiyana angachitike.

Tangoganizirani zomwe zingachitike ngati liwiro limene fupa lakale limachotsedwa (ma osteoclasts amagwira ntchito) lipitirira liwiro limene fupa latsopano limapangidwa (ma osteoblast amagwira ntchito)? Kenako mafupawo pang'onopang'ono amakhala owonda, ofooka, komanso osweka mosavuta.

Zina mwa matenda akuluakulu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mavuto amenewa ndi awa:

• Matenda a Osteoporosis: Imeneyi ndi vuto lofala kwambiri. Mafupa amakhala ndi mabowo, ofooka, ndipo amatha kusweka ngakhale atagwa pang'ono.
• Kufooka kwa mafupa: Iyi ndi gawo loyamba lomwe limayamba kudwala matenda a mafupa. Ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mafupa pansi pa mulingo woyenera.
• Hyperparathyroidism: Kutulutsa kwambiri kwa hormone ya parathyroid kumapangitsa kuti calcium itayike m'mafupa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafupawo afooke.
• Matenda a Paget a mafupa: Uwu ndi mkhalidwe umene kusintha kwa mafupa kumachitika molakwika, zomwe zimapangitsa mafupawo kufooka komanso kufooka.

Ndi mayeso otani omwe amachitidwa kuti aone thanzi la mafupa athu?

Dokotala wanu nthawi zambiri sadzayesa maselo apaderawa padera. M'malo mwake, adzachita mayeso omwe angayang'ane thanzi la mafupa onse. Mayesowa adzalamulidwa ngati pali kukayikiridwa kulikonse kwa matenda monga osteoporosis.

• Kuyesa kuchuluka kwa mafupa: Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito DXA scan.Imatchedwanso fupa scan. Imagwiritsa ntchito X-ray yotsika kwambiri kuti iyese mphamvu ya mafupa anu. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti muwone ngati mafupa anu akufooka pamene mukukalamba.
• Kuyezetsa Vitamini D: Kumafufuza ngati thupi likupeza vitamini D yokwanira.
• Kuyeza kwa calcium: Kumayesa kuchuluka kwa calcium m'magazi ndi mkodzo wa maola 24.
• Mayeso a Intact parathyroid hormone (IPTH).
• Kuyesa kwa Creatinine: Kuyesaku kumachitika kuti muwone momwe impso zimagwirira ntchito, chifukwa thanzi la impso ndilofunika kwambiri pa vitamini D ndi calcium.

Kodi tingatani kuti mafupa athu akhale athanzi?

Kulimbitsa mafupa athu kuli m'manja mwathu. Nazi zinthu zosavuta zomwe tingachite:

• Idyani zakudya zabwino zopatsa thanzi, makamaka zakudya zokhala ndi calcium ndi vitamini D (mkaka, yogati, tchizi, nsomba zazing'ono, ndiwo zamasamba zobiriwira).
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi onyamula zolemera. Zinthu monga kuyenda, kuthamanga, ndi kukwera masitepe ndi zabwino kwambiri polimbitsa mafupa.
• Pewani kusuta fodya konse. Kusuta fodya ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa kufooka kwa mafupa.
• Imwani zakudya zowonjezera calcium ndi vitamini D ngati pakufunika kutero, monga momwe dokotala wanu walangizira. Komabe, izi ziyenera kuchitika pokhapokha mutakambirana ndi dokotala wanu .
• Pitani kuchipatala nthawi zonse. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti anthu azaka zopitirira 65, amayi omwe asiya kusamba, komanso omwe ali ndi matenda ena osatha azipita kwa dokotala nthawi zonse kuti akaone thanzi la mafupa awo.

Tsopano mutha kuona kufunika kwa maselo awiri ang'onoang'ono awa kuti mafupa athu akhale athanzi. Amagwira ntchito yawo mwakachetechete, kukonzanso ndi kulimbitsa mafupa athu. Choncho ndi udindo wathu kuwathandiza kuchita ntchito yawo moyenera.