Kodi mwana wanu akuchita zinthu zosayenera? Sakumvetsera? Tiyeni tikambirane za ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)!

Mukamachita zinthu ndi mwana wanu, kodi nthawi zina mumadabwa kuti, 'N'chifukwa chiyani ndi wopusa chonchi? N'chifukwa chiyani samakhala pamalo amodzi? N'chifukwa chiyani simukundimvera?' N'zachibadwa kuganiza choncho. Koma ngati zinthuzi zimachitika nthawi zonse, ndipo ngati zimakhudza ntchito ya kusukulu ya mwana wanu, homuweki, kapena ubale wake ndi anzake, ikhoza kukhala vuto lotchedwa ADHD. Tiyeni tikambirane izi m'njira yosavuta komanso yomveka bwino.

Kodi ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, ADHD ndi chidule cha Matenda Osowa Chidwi . Ichi ndi matenda. Kunena zoona, mwana yemwe ali ndi ADHD ali ndi kusiyana kwa ubongo pakukula kwake ndi momwe ubongo wake umagwirira ntchito. Kusiyana kumeneku kumamupangitsa kukhala kovuta kuti asamale, akhale pamalo amodzi, komanso azidziletsa. Matendawa angamupangitse kukhala ndi mavuto ndi ntchito ya kusukulu, kunyumba, komanso pocheza ndi anzake. Tangoganizirani mavuto omwe angayambitse ngati sangathe kumvetsera mkalasi, osamvera zomwe zikunenedwa kunyumba, kapena kumenyana ndi anzawo pamene sangathe kudikira nthawi yawo yosewera.

Kodi zizindikiro za mwana yemwe ali ndi ADHD ndi ziti?

Ndipotu, mwana aliyense nthawi zina amataya chidwi, samvera zomwe akunena, amavutika kukhala pamalo amodzi, amavutika kudikira nthawi yake. Izi ndi zinthu zachibadwa. Mwina izi zinakuchitikirani muli mwana, sichoncho? Koma kwa mwana yemwe ali ndi ADHD, mavutowa ndi ovuta kwambiri, ndipo amachitika kawirikawiri.

Ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi ADHD akhoza kusonyeza zizindikiro zitatu zazikulu:

1. Wosasamalira - wosavuta kusokonezedwa

N'zovuta kwambiri kuti ana awa aziganizira chinthu chimodzi. Maganizo awo amayendayenda mofulumira. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani mphunzitsi akuphunzitsa phunziro ndipo akuyang'ana gulugufe kudzera pawindo.

• N'zovuta kumvera malangizo bwino. Ngati mukuti, "Mwana wanga, sungani zoseweretsa ndipo bweretsani buku," mwina mudzakumbukira chimodzi chokha.
• Mfundo zofunika zitha kuphonyedwa.
• Mukhoza kuchedwetsa ntchito yomwe munayamba osaimaliza. Zili ngati kuyamba kujambula ndi kuyima pakati.
• Nthawi zina zingaoneke ngati mukulota masana, kapena ngati mukugwira ntchito mwakhama kwambiri.
• Angakhale oiwala pang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kutaya zinthu monga mapensulo, zofufutira, ndi mabuku.

2. Kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso - kulephera kukhala pamalo amodzi

Ana awa akuyenda mozungulira nthawi zonse, n'kovuta kwambiri kukhala pamalo amodzi, amatopa msanga. Zili ngati ali ndi mawilo omangiriridwa ku miyendo yawo.

• N'zovuta kukhala pamalo amodzi ndikukhala chete (monga m'kachisi kapena m'kalasi).
• Mukagwira ntchito, mutha kufulumira kuigwira ndikulakwitsa.
• Angakwere, kulumpha, ndi kugwedezeka kwambiri (monga pa mipando ndi matebulo).
• Si dala, koma khalidwe lawo likhoza kusokoneza ena.Mwachitsanzo, monga kuseka ana ena mkalasi.

3. Kusaganiza bwino - chizolowezi chochita zinthu popanda kuganiza

Ana awa amachita zinthu mopupuluma, osaganiza. Monga "galimoto yopanda mabuleki."

• Mwadzidzidzi amalumphira mkati pamene ena akulankhula.
• Ena amatha kukankha ndi kukoka. N'zovuta kwambiri kudikira nthawi yanu.
• Angachite zinthu popanda chilolezo, kutenga zinthu za ena, ndikuchita zinthu zoopsa (monga kulumpha kuchokera pamalo okwera, kuthamanga mwadzidzidzi mumsewu).
• Nthawi zina, mungakhale ndi maganizo osayenera panthawiyo, monga kukwiya kwambiri ndi zinthu zazing'ono kapena kulira mokweza.

Nthawi zina makolo ndi aphunzitsi amazindikira zizindikiro za ADHD mwa mwana ali wamng'ono kwambiri. Koma kumbukirani, ndi zachilendo kuti ana aang'ono azisokonezedwa mosavuta, osakhazikika, osaleza mtima, komanso kuchita zinthu mopupuluma. Zonsezi sizitanthauza kuti mwana ali ndi ADHD.

Maluso amenewa okhudza kusamala, kuchita zinthu, ndi kudziletsa amakula pang'onopang'ono ana akamakula. Ana amaphunzira zinthuzi mothandizidwa ndi makolo ndi aphunzitsi. Koma kwa ana ena, kumvetsera, kukhala chete, kumvetsera, komanso kuleza mtima sikuli bwino kwenikweni. Ngati mavutowa akupitirira, ndipo ngati angayambitse mavuto kusukulu, kunyumba, komanso ubale ndi anzawo, akhoza kukhala ndi ADHD.

Kodi zifukwa za ADHD ndi ziti?

Sizikudziwika bwino momwe kusiyana kwa ubongo kumeneku komwe kumayambitsa ADHD kumachitikira. Komabe, pali umboni wamphamvu wakuti ADHD nthawi zambiri imachitika mwachibadwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ana ambiri omwe ali ndi ADHD ali ndi kholo kapena wachibale wapafupi yemwenso ali ndi vutoli.

Komanso, zinthu zina zingakhudzenso:

• Ngati mwanayo anabadwa msanga .
• Ngati munakumana ndi poizoni wina wokhudzana ndi chilengedwe panthawi ya mimba kapena muli mwana.
• Ngati mayiyo adagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo panthawi ya mimba.

Chofunika ndichakuti ADHD siimayamba chifukwa cha nthawi yambiri yowonera pa TV, zolakwa za makolo, kapena kudya shuga wambiri. Malingaliro olakwika awa akhoza kukhalapo m'gulu la anthu, koma sanatsimikizidwe ndi madokotala. Choncho musamadzimve kuti ndinu wolakwa.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli ndi ADHD?

Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu ali ndi ADHD, choyamba choti muchite ndikupita naye kwa dokotala wa ana kapena dokotala wina woyenerera. Musachite mantha, iyi ndi sitepe yoyamba chabe.

Dokotala adzamuyang'ana mwanayo, kumuyang'anira maso ndi kumva, ndikuonetsetsa kuti palibe chifukwa china cha zizindikirozi. Nthawi zina, mwana sangasamale ndi maphunziro ake chifukwa sangathe kuwona kapena kumva.

Kuti adziwe matenda a ADHD, madokotala adzakufunsani kaye za thanzi la mwana wanu, khalidwe lake, ndi zochita zake. Adzalankhula ndi makolo ake ndi mwana wawo ndikuwafunsa zomwe awona. Dokotalayo angakupatseni mndandanda woti mudzaze za khalidwe la mwana wanu, kapena angapemphe mphunzitsi wa mwanayo kuti adzaze mndandanda wofanana.

Pambuyo posonkhanitsa chidziwitso chonsechi, madokotala adzazindikira ADHD pokhapokha ngati zotsatirazi zimveka bwino:

• Ngati nthawi yomwe mwana amaika chidwi, kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso, kapena kuchita zinthu mosaganizira bwino ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa nthawi zonse malinga ndi msinkhu wake.
• Ngati mwanayo wakhala ndi makhalidwe amenewa kuyambira ali mwana (nthawi zambiri amayamba asanakwanitse zaka 12).
• Ngati makhalidwe amenewa akukhudza bwino ntchito ya mwana kusukulu, homuweki, ndi ubale wake ndi anthu ena (m'malo osachepera awiri, mwachitsanzo, kunyumba ndi kusukulu).
• Ngati kufufuza kwa dokotala kukutsimikizira kuti chomwe chimayambitsa mavutowa si vuto lina la thanzi (monga vuto la chithokomiro), vuto la kuphunzira, kapena vuto la maganizo.

Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi ADHD alinso ndi matenda ena, monga mavuto a kuphunzira , makhalidwe otsutsa komanso otsutsa , kapena mavuto a maganizo ndi nkhawa . Madokotala nthawi zambiri amachiritsa matenda enawa nthawi imodzi akamachiritsa ADHD.

Ngati kuli kofunikira, dokotalayo angakutumizireni kwa katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena wamisala wa ana.

Kodi ADHD imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Pali njira zingapo zochiritsira ADHD. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi. Njira yochiritsira yomweyi sigwira ntchito kwa aliyense, ndipo ingasiyane malinga ndi mwana aliyense.

• Mankhwala: Mankhwalawa amathandiza ubongo kuyang'ana kwambiri, kuchepetsa liwiro, komanso kukulitsa kudziletsa. Mankhwalawa ayenera kumwedwa kokha monga momwe dokotala wanenera, mu mlingo woyenera komanso nthawi yoyenera.
• Chithandizo cha khalidwe: Akatswiri a zamaganizo amathandiza ana omwe ali ndi ADHD kukhala ndi luso locheza ndi anthu, la maganizo, komanso lokonzekera zinthu zomwe nthawi zina zimachedwa. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu monga kulamulira mkwiyo, kulankhulana bwino ndi ena, komanso kukhala okonzekera zinthu.
• Kuphunzitsa makolo:Maphunzirowa angathandize makolo kuphunzira momwe angayankhire bwino mavuto a khalidwe omwe amabwera chifukwa cha ADHD (monga, mwana akakwiya, samvera zomwe mukunena). Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri.
• Thandizo kusukulu: Aphunzitsi angathandize ana omwe ali ndi ADHD kuchita bwino kusukulu ndikukhala ndi moyo wosangalala kusukulu. Izi zingaphatikizepo zinthu monga kulola mwanayo kukhala patsogolo pa kalasi kapena kuwapatsa nthawi yochulukirapo yogwira ntchito.

Ndi chithandizo choyenera, ADHD imatha kusintha. Makolo ndi aphunzitsi angathandize ana aang'ono kuphunzira kulamulira chidwi chawo, khalidwe lawo, ndi malingaliro awo. Pamene akukula, ana amafunika kuphunzira kukulitsa chidwi chawo ndi kudziletsa kwawo.

Ngati ADHD sichiritsidwa, zingachititse kuti ana azivutika kuchita bwino. Izi zingayambitse kudziona ngati osafunika, kuvutika maganizo, khalidwe lotsutsa, kulephera kusukulu, khalidwe lodziika pachiswe, kapena mikangano ya m'banja .

Kodi makolo angathandize bwanji?

Ngati mwazindikira kuti mwana wanu ali ndi ADHD, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe mungachite. Inu ndinu mphamvu yaikulu ya mwana wanu.

• Khalani ndi gawo lochitapo kanthu: Phunzirani zambiri momwe mungathere zokhudza ADHD. Tsatirani chithandizo chomwe dokotala wa mwana wanu akulangiza. Pitani ku maulendo onse ochiritsira omwe akulangizidwa.
• Perekani mankhwala mosamala: Ngati mwana wanu akumwa mankhwala a ADHD, nthawi zonse perekani mankhwalawo panthawi yoyenera komanso mu mlingo woyenera. Musasiye kumwa mankhwalawo kapena kusintha mlingo popanda upangiri wa dokotala. Nthawi zonse sungani mankhwalawo pamalo otetezeka omwe ana sangawafikire.
• Gwirani ntchito ndi sukulu ya mwana wanu: Lankhulani ndi aphunzitsi kuti muwone ngati mwana wanu akufunika mapulani apadera a maphunziro kapena thandizo kuchokera kusukulu. Mayiko ena ali ndi mapulani apadera monga IEP (Individualized Education Program) kapena dongosolo la 504. Ku Sri Lanka, lankhulani ndi sukuluyo za thandizo lapadera lililonse lomwe mwana wanu angapeze (monga, chidwi chochulukirapo mkalasi, nthawi yowonjezera ya mayeso). Kumanani ndi aphunzitsi nthawi zonse kuti mudziwe momwe mwana wanu akuchitira kusukulu. Gwirani ntchito limodzi kuti muthandize mwana wanu kuchita bwino.
• Makolo ndi cholinga ndi chikondi: Dziwani njira zolerera ana zomwe zili zabwino kwa mwana yemwe ali ndi ADHD, ndi zomwe zingapangitse ADHD kukhala yoipa kwambiri. Lankhulani ndi mwana wanu za ADHD momasuka komanso momuthandiza. Yang'anani kwambiri mphamvu ndi makhalidwe abwino a mwana wanu. Yamikani ndi kulimbikitsa khalidwe labwino m'malo molanga.
• Lumikizanani ndi ena kuti akuthandizeni ndi kukudziwitsani: Pezani zambiri zaposachedwa zokhudza chithandizo, ndi zina zambiri, gawani zomwe mwakumana nazoYang'anani mawebusayiti a magulu othandizira apadziko lonse lapansi monga CHADD (Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) . Kapena yang'anani magulu ofanana ndi amenewa olera ana ku Sri Lanka. Ndi mphamvu yodziwa kuti simuli nokha.

ADHD nthawi zambiri imatha kuchira ana akalandira chithandizo, akadya zakudya zabwino, akagona mokwanira komanso akamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso akamakhala ndi makolo othandiza omwe amadziwa momwe angachitire ndi ADHD. Kuleza mtima ndi chikondi ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira...

Chabwino, ADHD ndi yovuta pang'ono. Koma musadandaule. Si vuto lanu kapena la mwana wanu. ADHD ndi vuto lomwe limachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a ubongo. Chofunika ndichakuti litha kuthandizidwa ndikuchiritsidwa.

Ngati mukukayikira kuti mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro za ADHD, onetsetsani kuti mwapeza upangiri wa dokotala. Kuzindikira msanga ndi chithandizo choyenera kungathandize mwana wanu kukhala ndi moyo wosangalala komanso wopambana. Kumbukirani, mwana aliyense ndi wapadera ndipo ali ndi luso losiyana. Ana omwe ali ndi ADHD nawonso ali ndi luso lawo lapadera. Ndikofunikira kupeza zinthu zimenezo ndikuzithandiza. Mupeze mphamvu paulendowu!

ADHD , ADHD mwa ana, vuto la kuchepa kwa chidwi, kutengeka maganizo, chithandizo cha ADHD, zizindikiro za ADHD, vuto la kuchepa kwa chidwi