Kodi mwana wanu nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mantha? Tiyeni tikambirane za nkhawa za ubwana!

Amayi, Abambo, mwana wanu wamng'ono nthawi zina amaopa zinthu zazing'ono, eti? Zimenezo n'zachibadwa. Koma pali ana ena, ndipo mantha awo ndi nkhawa zawo zimawonjezeka mpaka kufika poti zimakhudza zochita zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku. Lero tikambirana za vuto ili lotchedwa nkhawa yaubwana, kapena "Nkhawa". Ngati timvetsetsa bwino izi, zidzakhala zosavuta kuthandiza ana athu.

Kodi mantha ndi nkhawa ndi chinthu chimodzi? Kodi kusiyana pakati pa mantha achibadwa ndi nkhawa zomwe zili pamlingo wa matenda ndi kotani?

Choyamba, tiyeni timvetse tanthauzo la mantha ndi nkhawa. Mantha ndi yankho lathu pa ngozi yeniyeni. Tangoganizani galu akukudumphirani mwadzidzidzi pamene mukuyenda mumsewu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mumakhala ndi mantha. Ndi mantha amenewo. Nkhawa ndi kumva kusakhazikika komanso kukakamizidwa ndi ngozi yomwe ingachitike kapena chinthu chosatsimikizika. Kuopa zinthu zatsopano pang'ono ndikwachibadwa muubwana. Zimasonyeza kuti ana akuphunzira kuthetsa mavuto okha. Monga makolo, tingathandize ana kumvetsetsa mantha ndi nkhawa imeneyi ndikuigonjetsa.

Komabe, ana ena amakhala ndi nkhawa zomwe zimapitirira malire a nthawi zonse. Madokotala amati pafupifupi mwana m'modzi mwa asanu akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la nkhawa . Mwana akakhala ndi vuto la nkhawa, amatha kupewa zinthu, kukwiya kwambiri ndi zinthu zazing'ono, kulira, kapena kukwiya. Nthawi zina amakhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse kuti chinachake chingachitike. Akhozanso kukhala ndi zizindikiro zakuthupi monga kupweteka m'mimba, mutu, kusanza, kupuma movutikira, komanso kusowa tulo.

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhawa mwa ana?

Inde, pali mitundu ingapo ya nkhawa yomwe imakhudza ana. Tiyeni tiwone zazikuluzikulu:

1. Matenda Oda nkhawa Opatukana

Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe amayi ambiri amachidziwa bwino. Nthawi zambiri makanda akakhala ndi miyezi 8-12, amaopa kusiya amayi awo kapena osamalira. Amaopa alendo. Ichi ndi gawo lachibadwa la kukula kwa mwana. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachepa akayamba sukulu ya ana aang'ono.

Komabe, `(Separation Anxiety Disorder)` ndi vuto lalikulu pang'ono. Ngati mwana wanu akuwonetsa mantha kwambiri komanso nkhawa yokhudza kusiya amayi kapena abambo ake, kupita kusukulu, kukhala kutali ndi kwawo, kapena kusafuna kugona yekha, vutoli likhoza kukhala. Ngati mwana wanu akuwoneka kuti akuvutika maganizo kwambiri kapena akuda nkhawa ndi zinthuzi kuposa ana ena, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala.

Tangoganizirani, mwana wamkazi wa Nilu, Senuri. Tsopano ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Amalirabe kwambiri akasiya amayi ake pachipata cha sukulu ndikupita ku kalasi. Ali bwino bola atakhala chete mpaka atawona amayi ake. Amayi ake akachoka, amalira tsiku lonse ndipo sadya. Ichi chikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha `(Kupatukana ndi Nkhawa)`.

2. Mantha Enaake

Mantha amatiteteza ku ngozi. Choncho n'zachibadwa kuti ana aziopa zinthu zinazake. Mwina mwana wanu amaopa mphezi, zisudzo, kapena china chake chapadera. Komabe, `(Specific Phobias)` ndi mantha a chinthu chomwe chili choopsa kwambiri kuposa ngozi yeniyeni. Mwachitsanzo, mwana amatha kuthawa n’kubisala akaona galu, kapena amatha masiku ambiri akuganizira za galuyo ndikumuopa.

3. Matenda a Nkhawa Pagulu

Apa ndi pamene pali mantha aakulu oti adzaweruzidwa kapena kukanidwa pamaso pa ena, m'gulu la anthu. Mwana wanu sangafune kukamba nkhani kapena kutenga nawo mbali m'makonsati. Kapena angamve kusamasuka kulankhula ndi ena kusukulu, m'malo ena odziwika bwino, kapena ndi anthu atsopano. Ana ena angapeweretu zochitika zina.

4. Matenda Okhudzana ndi Nkhawa

Pankhaniyi, mwanayo amakhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri komanso mantha pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Amadanso nkhawa za tsogolo kuposa ana ena a msinkhu wake. Angakhale ndi nkhawa zambiri pa chinthu chimodzi panthawi, kapena nkhawa zimenezo zingasinthe nthawi ndi nthawi. Koma nthawi zonse amakhala ndi nkhawa ndi chinachake.

5. Kuukira kwa Mantha (Matenda a Mantha)

Ana omwe ali ndi vutoli amakumana ndi mantha ndi nkhawa mwadzidzidzi, limodzi ndi zizindikiro zakuthupi . Taganizirani izi ngati mtima wothamanga ('Heart Palpitations'), chizungulire, komanso kupuma movutikira ('Dyspnea'). 'Matenda a Panic Attack' awa amatha kuchitika mwadzidzidzi popanda chifukwa chomveka. Amatha mphindi zochepa mpaka maola angapo kenako n’kutha.

Kodi nkhawa imeneyi ndi yofala bwanji pakati pa ana?

Nkhawa yaubwana ndi yofala kwambiri kuposa momwe mungaganizire. Imakhudza ana ndi achinyamata pakati pa 15% ndi 20%. Komanso, pafupifupi wachinyamata mmodzi pa atatu aliwonse azaka zapakati pa 13 ndi 18 ali ndi nkhawa. Nkhawayi ndi yofala kwambiri pakati pa atsikana.

Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji ngati mwana wanga ali ndi nkhawa? Kodi zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?

Monga kholo, zingakhale zovuta kudziwa zomwe zikuchitika m'maganizo mwa mwana wanu, sichoncho? Ana ena amalankhula nkhawa zawo m'mawu. Anganene kuti, "Ndikuopa kupita kusukulu chifukwa sindikuganiza kuti ndidzakuonaninso." Koma ana ena sadziwa momwe angalongosolere momwe akumvera. Koma ana akakhala ndi nkhawa, amawonetsa izi kudzera mu khalidwe lawo. Yang'anani zizindikiro ngati izi mwa mwana wanu:

• Ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri ndipo amalira kwambiri kuposa ana ena a msinkhu wake.
• Kawirikawiri amanena kuti, “Sindikumva bwino.” Anganene zinthu monga, “M’mimba mwanga mukuwawa,” “Thupi langa likuwawa,” kapena “Mutu wanga ukupweteka.”
• Ndimavutika kugona, ndimadzuka ndi maloto oipa, ndipo ndimaopa kugona ndekha.
• N'zovuta kukhala chete, kukhala pamalo amodzi (mkhalidwe wosakhazikika).
• Amakwiya mosavuta.
• N'zovuta kuganizira kwambiri.
• Amati 'Sindili ndi njala', kapena nthawi zonse amati 'Ndili ndi njala'.
• Kugwedezeka.
• Amati sangathe kupita kusukulu.
• Kupita kuchimbudzi pafupipafupi.

N’chifukwa chiyani ana amakumana ndi nkhawa chonchi? Kodi zimayambitsa n’chiyani?

Ana ena amabadwa ndi chibadwa chokhudzidwa pang'ono. Amavutika kuthana ndi kusintha ndi malingaliro amphamvu. Ana awa akhoza kukhala ndi chibadwa choyambitsa nkhawa kapena mbiri ya banja lawo ya nkhawa . Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati makolo ali ndi nkhawa, pali mwayi wochepa woti mwana nawonso akhale nayo.

Kuphatikiza apo, nkhawa imathanso kuyambitsidwa ndi zochitika zopsinjika m'moyo . Ana ena amakumana ndi zovuta zambiri kuyambira ali aang'ono. Mwachitsanzo:

• Imfa ya munthu wapafupi.
• Kusamukira ku nyumba yatsopano kapena kusukulu yatsopano, makamaka ngati izi zimachitika pafupipafupi.
• Kusapeza chakudya ndi zakumwa zokwanira.
• Kusatha kukhala pamalo otetezeka.
• Kulephera kupita kusukulu nthawi zonse.
• Makolo amakangana, amalekana, ndipo amasudzulana.
• Kuzunzidwa, kuzunzidwa, ndi kunyalanyazidwa ndi ena.

Kodi chifukwa chachikulu cha nkhawa mwa ana n’chiyani?

N'zovuta kunena motsimikiza chomwe chimayambitsa nkhawa yaubwana. Mantha ndi gawo lachibadwa la kukula. Ana ena amatha kuthana nawo bwino. Komabe, pankhani ya ana omwe ali ndi nkhawa zomwe zimakhudza moyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku, amaganiza kuti majini, zinthu zamoyo, ndi mbiri ya banja zimachitapo kanthu.

Kodi ndi mavuto otani omwe angachitike ngati vuto la nkhawa ili silinachiritsidwe?

Ngati nkhawa ya mwana sichithandizidwa bwino, amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodzakhala ndi vuto la kuvutika maganizo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mtsogolo. Angakhale ndi vuto ndi ntchito ya kusukulu komanso kupita kusukulu. Ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodzipha . Izi ndi zinthu zoopsa kumva, koma kumbukirani kuti pali mankhwala. Pitani kuchipatala cha mwana wanu kukayezetsa mwana wanu nthawi zonse. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu akudzivulaza, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji ngati mwana ali ndi nkhawa?

Kuti adziwe ngati mwana wanu ali ndi nkhawa, dokotala kapena namwino adzakambirana nanu pamodzi ndi mwana wanu. Adzakufunsani za khalidwe la mwana wanu komanso momwe mumadziwira kuti ali ndi nkhawa. Adzafunsa mwana wanu za zizindikiro zomwe akukumana nazo komanso nthawi yomwe akukumana nazo. Mungafunsidwe kuti mudzaze mafunso (`surveys`) . Dokotala angayesenso kupeza zambiri zokhudza zizindikiro zawo kuchokera kwa aphunzitsi a mwana wawo.

Kenako, amafufuza zifukwa zina zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro za mwanayo.Ngati palibe chifukwa china, ndipo nkhawa ya mwana yakhala ikumuvutitsa maganizo komanso kukhudza moyo wake watsiku ndi tsiku kwa miyezi pafupifupi isanu ndi umodzi, akhoza kupezeka ndi matenda a nkhawa.

Kodi mungachiritse bwanji nkhawa mwa ana?

Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zothandizira ana kukhala ndi nkhawa: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) ndi Medication Therapy. Mankhwala onsewa akhoza kukhala othandiza okha, koma amawoneka kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri akagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi.

Chithandizo cha Maganizo (`Chithandizo cha Maganizo` - `CBT`)

`(CBT)` ndi njira yophunzitsira ana luso lothana ndi nkhawa kuti awathandize kuthana ndi nkhawa ndikuzilamulira . Mwachidule, zimaphatikizapo kuchita zinthu zazing'ono kuti thupi likhazikitse bata, kuganiza mosiyana, ndikukumana ndi mantha. Ana amatha kuphunzira `(luso lothana ndi mavuto)` payekhapayekha (`Chithandizo cha Munthu Payekha`) kapena m'magulu (`Chithandizo cha Magulu`). Makolo amathanso kuphunzira za njira izi. Ndiye n'zosavuta kuthandiza ana kuchita maluso awa kunyumba.

Tangoganizani kuti Senuri, amene tinamulankhula kale, wayamba chithandizo cha CBT. Katswiriyu akuphunzitsa Senuri momwe angapumire kwambiri akakhala ndi mantha komanso momwe angasewerere masewera kuti amutonthoze. Pang'onopang'ono, amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti awonjezere nthawi yomwe amakhala mkalasi popanda amayi ake. Amayiwo amaphunzitsidwanso njira izi kuti alimbikitse Senuri kunyumba.

Mankhwala (mankhwala)

Dokotala wa mwana wanu angapereke mankhwala ochokera ku kalasi ya Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI), monga:

• Fluoxetine (monga Prozac®)
• Paroxetine (mwachitsanzo, Paxil®, Pexeva®)
• Sertraline (monga Zoloft®)

Ngati izi sizikugwira ntchito kapena sizikugwira ntchito kwa mwana wanu, dokotala wanu angakulembereni mankhwala otchedwa Serotonin ndi Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI):

• Duloxetine (monga Cymbalta®, Drizalma®, Irenka®)

Zotsatirapo za mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa za ana

Ngati mwana wanu akukumana ndi zotsatirapo zilizonsezi , muyenera kuuza dokotala nthawi yomweyo:

• Matenda a ziwengo ( monga ziphuphu, kupuma movutikira)
• Magazi mu chopondapo.
• Kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira kapena kosasinthasintha.
• Kukomoka, chizungulire, kupweteka pachifuwa, kapena kupuma movutikira.
• Malungo aakulu.
• Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa masomphenya kapena kupweteka kwa maso.
• Maganizo ofuna kudzipha kapena kuipiraipira kwa maganizo.

Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala ochiza nkhawa za ana nthawi zambiri safuna kulembedwa ndi dokotala,Pakhoza kukhala zotsatirapo zazing'ono zomwe zimatha pakatha milungu ingapo. Izi zitha kubwerera pamene mlingo wa mankhwala wasinthidwa. Dokotala wa mwana wanu adzakufotokozerani zonsezi ndikuyankha mafunso aliwonse omwe mungakhale nawo. Zotsatirapo zazing'onozi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kusintha kwa chilakolako.
• Kuvuta kugona kapena kugona.
• Pakamwa pouma.
• Mutu.
• Kugwedezeka.
• Kusanza, nseru, kapena kutsegula m'mimba.

Kodi mwana wanga adzamva bwino nthawi yayitali bwanji atatha kuyamba kulandira chithandizo?

Mabanja ambiri amayamba ndi chithandizo cha CBT kaye. Chithandizo china chimawonjezedwa ngati pakufunika. Chithandizo cha CBT, kaya chimachitika payekha (ndi makolo omwe akutenga nawo mbali) kapena pagulu, chingathandize ana kuphunzira mwachangu njira zochepetsera nkhawa. Chifukwa ana amaphunzira zinthu izi mwachangu, amatha kuyamba kumva bwino ndikukhala ndi chidaliro atatha maphunziro ochepa. Koma nthawi zina, ngakhale CBT ingathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro pang'ono, thandizo lochulukirapo limafunika kuti athetse nkhawa mokwanira. Pazochitika zotere, mankhwala ndi ofunikira.

Mankhwala monga SSRIs ndi SNRIs amatenga nthawi kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito. Komanso, si mankhwala onse omwe amagwira ntchito mofanana kwa aliyense. Dokotala wa mwana wanu adzayesa mankhwala amodzi kwa kanthawi kochepa (nthawi zambiri milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi ingapo) kuti aone ngati angathandize. Ngati sathandiza, angayesenso mankhwala ena.

Ngati mwana wanga ali ndi nkhawa, ndiyenera kuyembekezera chiyani?

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la nkhawa, angachite zinthu mopanda kuwongolera ndipo angakwiye. Angakumamatireni ndikukuuzani kuti sangachoke mnyumbamo. Ngakhale kuti chithandizo cha nkhawa yaubwana chimatenga nthawi kuti chigwire ntchito, zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino. Ndi chithandizo, ana ambiri omwe ali ndi nkhawa amatha kutenga nawo mbali pazinthu zomwe amasangalala nazo, kupanga mabwenzi, kumaliza ntchito za kusukulu, ndikusangalala ndi moyo.

Komabe, nthawi zina m'moyo wa mwana, nkhawa yake imatha kubwereranso. Panthawiyo, zingakhale zofunikira kusintha mlingo wa mankhwala ake kapena kukhala ndi nthawi zina zochiritsira mpaka zizindikiro za nkhawa zitathetsedwa bwino.

Kodi ine, monga kholo, ndingathandize bwanji mwana wanga ndi nkhawa?

Monga kholo, simungathe nthawi zonse kulamulira zochitika zovutitsa maganizo za mwana wanu. Koma mungathe kuthandiza kukonza thanzi lake la maganizo mwa kuonetsetsa kuti izi ndi izi:

• Limbikitsani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku .
• Pangani malo otetezeka komanso othandiza kunyumba ndi kusukulu.
• Gonani mokwanira .
• Muzidya zakudya zoyenera .

Komanso, njira zosinkhasinkha ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi opumira kwambiri kuti mwana akhale chete.Mukhozanso kuphunzitsa. Limbikitsani mwana wanu kuti achite zinthu zing'onozing'ono kuti athetse mantha ndi nkhawa zomwe zimafala. Mwachitsanzo, kuwapempha kuti apite kwinakwake komwe mungakhale nako mukapita kutali, kapena kuzimitsa magetsi ndikuyesera kukhala chete kwa mphindi zochepa. Izi zimalimbitsa chidaliro mwa ana ndikukulitsa luso lothana ndi mavuto.

Kodi muyenera kuuza dokotala liti za nkhawa ya mwana wanu?

Ngati mwana wanu akusonyeza zizindikiro za nkhawa, sakutha, kapena sakuchita zinthu zomwe mukudziwa kuti angathe kuchita (monga kupita kuchimbudzi yekha, kutuluka m'nyumba) , muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala.

Chofunika kwambiri: Ngati mwana wanu akuwonetsa zizindikiro zodzipha, funani thandizo nthawi yomweyo! Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ngati anena zinthu monga 'Ndikumva ngati ndikufa', 'Palibe chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo', kapena ngati akuwoneka kuti akufuna kudzivulaza, funani thandizo lachipatala mwachangu. Ku Sri Lanka, mutha kuyimbiranso foni ku National Mental Health Helpline ya 1926.

Kusamalira mwana amene ali ndi nkhawa kungakhale kovuta. Zimafunika kholo/wosamalira wodwala komanso wolimba mtima kuti aone zomwe mwanayo akufuna komanso kukwiya kwake ndikumvetsa kuti chifukwa cha khalidweli ndi nkhawa. Nthawi zina zingatenge nthawi kuti mupeze chithandizo choyenera cha mwana wanu, koma palibe vuto, musataye mtima.

Tengani nthawi yoganizira za inu nokha. Mwina mukumva kupsinjika maganizo komanso kuda nkhawa popanda kuzindikira. Monga momwe mumaonera nkhawa za mwana wanu, mwana wanu amaonanso nkhawa zanu, ndipo zimawakhudzanso.

Uthenga Womaliza Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Chabwino, ndikukhulupirira kuti zomwe takambirana lero zakuthandizani kukumbukira mfundo zina zofunika kwambiri.

• Nkhawa ya ubwana ndi vuto lenileni. Si vuto la mwana, komanso si vuto lanu.
• Pali kusiyana pakati pa mantha achibadwa ndi matenda a nkhawa. Ngati akukhudza moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa mwana wanu, samalani nawo.
• Dziwani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhawa ndi zizindikiro zake .
• Ndi chithandizo choyenera (CBT, mankhwala ngati kuli kofunikira), vutoli lingathe kuthetsedwa bwino. Musachite mantha.
• Monga kholo , chikondi chanu, chithandizo chanu, ndi kuleza mtima kwanu n'zofunika kwambiri kwa mwana wanu.
• Musazengereze kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala ngati pakufunika kutero, makamaka ngati mukuopa kuti mwana wanu angadzivulaze.
• Samalaninso thanzi lanu la maganizo.

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto ngati ili, simuli nokha. Pali malo oti mupeze thandizo. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.

Nkhawa ya Ana , Nkhawa, Mantha a Ana, Thanzi la Maganizo, Nkhawa Yopatukana, Nkhawa ya Anthu, CBT