Nthawi imathamanga, eti? Mwina mukukumbukira tsiku limene munapita ndi mwana wanu kwa dokotala wa ana koyamba. Koma, ana athu sakhala aang'ono kwamuyaya. Nthawi ikubwera yoti mwana wanu asinthe kupita ku chisamaliro chaumoyo cha akuluakulu. Kusinthaku kungakhale kovuta pang'ono kwa inu ndi mwana wanu. Koma musadandaule, ngati tonse tikonzekera bwino, kusinthaku kungakhale kosavuta kulowa muuchikulire.
Mukufuna kuthandiza mwana wanu wamng'ono kupeza dokotala watsopano?
Ana akakula, ndiko kuti, akafika msinkhu waunyamata, angapeze dokotala amene amachiritsa akuluakulu. Timawatcha kuti Dokotala Woyang'anira Chisamaliro Chachikulu (PCP) . Kunena zoona, pali mitundu ingapo ya madokotala:
- Dokotala wa zamkati kapena dokotala wa zamkati - Awa ndi anthu omwe aphunzitsidwa mwapadera kuchiza matenda a akuluakulu.
- Dokotala wa zachipatala za banja - Madokotala awa amachiza banja lonse, kuyambira ana aang'ono mpaka akuluakulu. Choncho ngati mwana wanu angathe kuonana ndi dokotala yemweyo kuyambira ali wamng'ono, ndi bwino kwambiri.
- Dokotala Wamkulu (GP) - Anthu awa amachiritsa matenda ambiri ofala.
M'dziko lathu, madokotala a ana nthawi zambiri amangochiza makanda ndi ana mpaka kumapeto kwa unyamata. Komabe, malire a zaka awa si ofanana m'machitidwe onse a ana. M'malo ena, saona ana atakwanitsa zaka 18, m'malo ena angadikire pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunsa dokotala wa ana za izi mwana wanu akangofika msinkhu wa unyamata.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mulibe dokotala wa banja amene mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu ayenera kukaonana naye, kapena ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limafuna thandizo la katswiri wa akuluakulu, funsani dokotala wanu wa ana kuti akutumizireni kwa dokotala. Iye angapereke upangiri kwa katswiri wabwino wa akuluakulu.
Nthawi zina, ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto losowa , chilema, kapena vuto loyamba la ana (vuto lomwe limayamba ali mwana) , zingakhale zovuta kupeza dokotala wa ana kapena katswiri wothandiza akuluakulu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa muyenera kupeza dokotala wofunitsitsa komanso wodziwa bwino ntchito yothandiza ana omwe ali ndi mavuto ovutawa. Chifukwa chake, ndi bwino kuyamba kufunafuna madokotala otere msanga, mwana wanu akadali wamng'ono.
Chinanso, mutha kuyesa katswiri watsopano kwa nthawi yoyesera.Funsani ngati mungathe kupatsa mwana wanu mwayi wokumana nanu. Kenako, lankhulani ndi dokotala wakale wa ana a mwana wanu ndipo kambiranani momwe zinthu zikuyendera, momwe zinthu zikuyendera, ndi zina zotero. Perekani nthawi yonseyi. Kenako, ngati china chake chalakwika, mwana wanu adzatha kuonana ndi dokotala wakale wa ana mpaka mutapeza dokotala wamkulu wabwino komanso woyenera.
Tikuthandizeni kusankha chithandizo chamankhwala choyenera kwa mwana wanu.
Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za inshuwalansi yazaumoyo. Ngati mwana wanu amadalira inshuwalansi yanu yazaumoyo, malinga ndi Affordable Care Act (ACA) , mwana wanu akhoza kuthandizidwa ndi inshuwalansi yanu mpaka atakwanitsa zaka 26. Zilibe kanthu kaya mwanayo ali m'masukulu apamwamba, akukhala kunyumba, akugwira ntchito, kapena ali pabanja. Akhozabe kuthandizidwa ndi inshuwalansi yanu. M'dziko lathu, malamulo awa amatha kusiyana pang'ono malinga ndi kampani ya inshuwalansi, komanso malinga ndi ndondomeko. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kufunsa kampani yanu ya inshuwalansi za izi.
Ngati mwana wanu amadalira dongosolo la chisamaliro chaumoyo lochokera kuntchito, nthawi zambiri chithandizocho chimatha mwanayo akakwanitsa zaka 26. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyamba kufunafuna chithandizo chatsopano cha inshuwalansi nthawi yayitali isanafike tsiku limenelo. Ngati muli ndi inshuwalansi kudzera mu dongosolo monga ACA Health Insurance Marketplace, monga ku United States, mutha kusunga inshuwalansiyo mpaka pa Disembala 31 chaka chomwe mwana wanu adzakwanitsa zaka 26. Mkhalidwe m'dziko lathu ukhoza kukhala wosiyana, choncho werengani mosamala mawu a inshuwalansi yanu.
Kodi njira za inshuwalansi za mwana ndi ziti?
Makampani ambiri amapereka chithandizo chamankhwala chamagulu ngati gawo la phukusi lawo la maubwino a antchito. Izi zimathandiza antchito kusintha dongosolo lawo. Likhoza kuphatikizapo zinthu monga chisamaliro cha mano, chisamaliro cha maso, chisamaliro chadzidzidzi, ndi chisamaliro chamankhwala chachizolowezi . Pakhoza kukhalanso chinthu chotchedwa inshuwaransi ya olumala ya nthawi yayitali . Uwu ndi maubwino azachipatala omwe mumapeza ngati simungathe kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, izi zimabwera ndi ndalama zina.
Ngati muli ndi inshuwalansi kudzera mwa abwana anu, kutanthauza kuti, kudzera kuntchito kwanu, mwana wanu adzayenera kulipira izi:
- Ndalama zolipirira mwezi uliwonse - Izi ndi ndalama zomwe muyenera kulipira mwezi uliwonse kuti musunge inshuwaransi.
- Ndalama zolipirira limodzi ndi ndalama zolipirira pogula ndi ndalama zomwe mumalipira kwa ogwira ntchito zachipatala, monga madokotala ndi ma pharmacy. Izi ndi gawo la ndalama zomwe dokotala amalipira kapena mtengo wa mankhwala omwe mumalipira kuchokera m'thumba lanu.
Tangoganizani kuti mwana wanu wamkulu salinso ndi inshuwalansi yanu, komanso alibe inshuwalansi yazaumoyo kudzera mu ndondomeko ya abwana ake kapena mwamuna kapena mkazi wake. Ngati ndi choncho, akhoza kukhala oyenerera kulandira inshuwalansi pansi pa pulogalamu yotchedwa COBRA (Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act) . Ili ndi lamulo la ku U.S. lomwe limafuna kuti makampani onse a inshuwalansi yazaumoyo awonjezere chithandizo cha inshuwalansi yazaumoyo kwa kanthawi pa mapulani awo a gulu kwa miyezi 36 kwa anthu omwe kale anali odalira.
COBRA siimangochitika yokha. Mwana wanu ayenera kulembetsa. Komanso, muyenera kulembetsa posachedwa chifukwa nthawi yoyenerera ndi yochepa. Koma kumbukirani, idzakuwonongerani ndalama zambiri kuposa ndalama zomwe munalipira pamwezi monga wodalira pa dongosolo lanu.
Ngakhale kuti palibe njira yeniyeni ya COBRA ngati iyi m'dziko lathu, makampani ena a inshuwalansi angapereke mapulani osiyanasiyana ngati njira zothetsera mavuto otere. Choncho, fufuzaninso zimenezo.
Njira ina ndi kusankha chithandizo chaumoyo cha munthu aliyense kudzera mu Marketplace at HealthCare.gov ku United States. Mapulani ambiri amadalira ndalama zomwe mwana wanu wamkulu amapeza. Amathandizidwanso kuti akhale otsika mtengo. M'dziko lathu, mutha kupezanso ma inshuwaransi a munthu aliyense kudzera m'makampani a inshuwaransi achinsinsi. Mutha kudziwa zambiri za iwo kuchokera ku kampani iliyonse.
Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira makamaka
Pali milandu ina yapadera, ndipo ndi bwino kuti tidziwenso zimenezo.
Makampani a inshuwaransi nthawi zambiri sangakane chithandizo cha inshuwaransi kapena kulipiritsa ndalama zambiri munthu amene ali ndi vuto lomwe lilipo kale (ili ndi lamulo m'maiko ambiri, ndipo lingasinthe malinga ndi zomwe zili mu inshuwaransi yanu, choncho funsani za izi mukalandira inshuwaransi yanu). Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zosowa zapadera za chisamaliro chaumoyo , inshuwaransi yanu ikhoza kukhala ndi gawo lapadera la ana olumala akuluakulu . Izi zimalola ana olumala akuluakulu kukhalabe pa dongosolo la makolo awo popanda zoletsa zilizonse. Yang'anani ngati kampani yanu ya inshuwaransi ikupereka izi.
Ana akuluakulu olumala angathandizidwe kudzera m'mapulogalamu aboma monga Medicaid ngati ndalama zomwe amapeza sizikwanira kulipira ndalama zothandizira zachipatala, kapena ngati akuyenerera kulandira/kulandira phindu monga Supplemental Security Income (SSI) monga ku United States. M'dziko lathu, Dipatimenti Yoona za Utumiki Wachitukuko imapereka maubwino ndi chithandizo chosiyanasiyana kwa anthu olumala. Muthanso kuyang'ana pa izi.
Inshuwalansi ya Anthu Olemala ya Social Security (SSDI) ku United States ndi ya anthu olumala asanakwanitse zaka 22.Mungakhalenso oyenerera kulandira SSDI. Mapindu awa amaperekedwa kwa ana olumala omwe makolo awo adalipira ndalama ku Social Security pa moyo wawo wonse wogwira ntchito. Ngati makolowo anamwalira, apuma pantchito, kapena akulandiranso mapindu olumala, anawo akhozanso kulandira mapindu awa. Pambuyo pa miyezi 24 ya SSDI, akhozanso kulandira Medicare, dongosolo la inshuwaransi la boma la US.
Ku Sri Lanka, palinso mapulogalamu monga Employees Provident Fund (EPF) ndi Employees Trust Fund (ETF) omwe amapereka maubwino ena pazosowa zina zachipatala. Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti mautumiki ambiri amapezeka kwaulere kapena pamtengo wotsika kudzera mu dongosolo la zipatala za boma.
Kodi mungathandize bwanji mwana wanu wamng'ono kukhala wodwala wodalirika?
Chisamaliro cha akuluakulu chimadalira udindo wa wodwala . Izi zikutanthauza kuti chilichonse kuyambira kupanga nthawi yokumana mpaka kumvera dokotala mpaka kumwa mankhwala anu pa nthawi yake ndi udindo wanu. Ndi udindo umenewo umabwera ndi ulamuliro . Chifukwa chake, mwana wanu ndiye amene amapanga zisankho zake zonse zachipatala. Ndipo ali ndi ufulu wokhala ndi chinsinsi pazambiri zake zonse zachipatala. Pokhapokha ngati atasankha kugawana nanu, simudzadziwa zambirizo. Izi zitha kukhala zatsopano pang'ono, chifukwa ali aang'ono, chilichonse chinadutsa mwa inu.
Tangoganizani kuti mwana wanu wamkazi kapena wamwamuna akupita kukaonana ndi dokotala yekha. Ayenera kuyankha mafunso a dokotalayo ndikufotokozera momveka bwino nkhawa zake. Ayeneranso kuonetsetsa kuti akumvetsa ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotalayo.
Pamene mukukula, ndikofunikira kugawana zambiri zanu zachipatala ndi dokotala aliyense amene mumamuwona. Izi zikuphatikizapo zinthu monga matenda omwe mudadwalapo kale, opaleshoni, mankhwala, ndi katemera. Komanso, onetsetsani kuti mwauza dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse la mankhwala kapena mbiri ya banja lanu ya matenda monga khansa kapena matenda a mtima. Izi zithandiza dokotala wanu kupeza matenda oyenera ndikupereka chithandizo chabwino kwambiri.
Uzani mwana wanu wamkazi kapena wamwamuna kuti asunge makope a zolemba zawo zonse zachipatala, komanso mndandanda wa mankhwala atsopano. Izi zitha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri pakagwa ngozi.
Komanso, ndikofunikira kuonana ndi dokotala mukakhala ndi vuto la matenda, komanso kuyesedwa nthawi zonse . Mtundu wa mayeso omwe mukufunikira udzadalira mbiri ya mwana wanu komanso mbiri yachipatala ya banja lanu.
Kodi ndingathandize bwanji ana anga kutenga udindo wosamalira thanzi lawo?
Mungathandize mwana wanu kuyamba kusamalira bwino thanzi lake ali wamng'ono. Pang'onopang'ono, aloleni kuti achitepo kanthu. Mwachitsanzo, aloleni achite zinthu monga kukonza nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala komanso kudzaza mankhwala. Izi zimawathandiza kudzidalira komanso zimawasonyeza makolo kuti akhoza kudzisamalira okha.
Tangoganizirani, mwana wanu akakwanitsa zaka 15 kapena 16, mumamuuza kuti, 'Mwana wanga, yesani kukonza nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala wanu wotsatira nokha.' Poyamba, mungafunike thandizo pang'ono, koma pakapita nthawi, adzazolowera kuchita yekha. Ndi kudzera mu zinthu zazing'ono ngati izi zomwe amaphunzira kutenga maudindo akuluakulu.
Kusintha kwa chisamaliro chaumoyo kwa akuluakulu sikuchitika mwadzidzidzi. Kuyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono. Koma kukonzekera pasadakhale ndi kukambirana zomwe mungayembekezere kudzathandiza kwambiri ana kusamalira chisamaliro chawo chaumoyo nthawi ikakwana.
Kotero, tiyeni tigwirizane ndikukumbukira zomwe tinakambirana? (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)
Ngakhale kusamutsa mwana wanu kuchoka ku chisamaliro cha ana kupita ku chisamaliro cha akuluakulu kungaoneke ngati sitepe yaikulu, si vuto ngati kusamalidwa bwino.
- Yambani msanga: Yambani kufunafuna dokotala watsopano ndikuyang'ana njira zina za inshuwalansi mwana wanu ali wamng'ono.
- Lankhulani ndi mwana wanu: Kambiranani naye momasuka za kusintha kumeneku ndi maudindo ake atsopano. Mvetserani maganizo ake.
- Thandizani kupeza dokotala wabwino: Thandizani mwana wanu kusankha dokotala woyenera zosowa zake komanso munthu amene angalankhule naye mosavuta. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka ngati mwana wanu ali ndi matenda aakulu kapena zosowa zapadera.
- Samalani ndi inshuwalansi: Fufuzani nthawi yomwe inshuwalansi ya mwana wanu idzakhale ndi inshuwalansi komanso njira zomwe zingakuthandizeni ngati mukufuna inshuwalansi yatsopano.
- Limbikitsani kukhala ndi udindo: Pang'onopang'ono phunzitsani mwana wanu kutenga udindo pa thanzi lake, zambiri zachipatala, ndi nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala. Pangani chidaliro kuti angathe kuchita izi yekha.
- Thandizo lanu likufunikirabe: Ngakhale mwana wanu ali wamkulu, chitsogozo chanu ndi chithandizo chanu n'zofunika kwambiri panthawiyi yosinthira.
Kumbukirani, iyi ndi sitepe imodzi yofunika kwambiri paulendo wa mwana wanu kuti akhale munthu wamkulu wodziimira payekha. Ndi chikondi chanu ndi chithandizo chanu, sizidzakhala zovuta kuti athetse vutoli!
Thanzi la ana , chisamaliro chaumoyo cha akuluakulu, chisamaliro chamankhwala cha ana, inshuwaransi yazaumoyo, thanzi la achinyamata, kusintha kwa zamankhwala, upangiri wa makolo











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