Chisangalalo chokhala mayi kapena bambo watsopano n'chosaneneka. Komabe, ndi zachilendo kukhala ndi mantha ndi mafunso ambiri ang'onoang'ono. Funso limodzi lalikulu ndi lakuti "Kodi ndingadyetse bwanji mwana wanga moyenera?". Mafunso monga "Kodi mwana wanga adzapeza mkaka wokwanira?", "Ndiyenera kumudyetsa kangati?", "Ndiyenera kuyamba liti kumudyetsa mpunga?" mwina ali m'maganizo mwanu. Musadandaule, tidzakambirana zonsezi mosavuta komanso m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.
Miyezi ingapo yoyambirira: Chakudya chokhacho cha mwana ndi mkaka wa m'mawere kapena mkaka wophikidwa.
M'miyezi yoyambirira ya moyo wa mwana wanu, zakudya zonse zomwe amafunikira kuti akule zimachokera ku mkaka wa m'mawere kapena mkaka wa m'mawere womwe dokotala wanu akulangiza. Panthawiyi, makanda nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi njala, koma mimba zawo zimakhala zazing'ono kwambiri. Choncho sangamwe madzi ambiri nthawi imodzi.
Kawirikawiri, ngati mukuyamwitsa, muyenera kudyetsa mwana wanu maola awiri kapena atatu aliwonse . Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kudyetsa mwana wanu kuyambira nthawi 8 mpaka 12 patsiku. Ngati mukuyamwitsa mkaka wa m'mawere, chiwerengerocho chikhoza kuchepa pang'ono, pafupifupi nthawi 6-10 patsiku.
Tangoganizirani, pa tsiku loyamba la moyo wa mwana, mimba yake ndi yaikulu ngati chitumbuwa. Ndicho chifukwa chake amafunika mkaka pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri.
Taonani momwe mimba ya mwana ikukulira pang'onopang'ono.
| Zaka za mwana | Kukula koyerekeza kwa mimba | Kuchuluka kwa mkaka womwe umadyedwa pa kutumikira kulikonse (pafupifupi) |
|---|---|---|
| Tsiku 1 | Kukula kwa chitumbuwa | Supuni 1-1.5 (5-7 ml) |
| Tsiku lachitatu | Kukula kwa mtedza | 1 ounce (22-27ml) |
| Sabata imodzi | Kukula kwa apurikoti | Ma ounces 1.5-2 (45-60ml) |
| Mwezi umodzi | Kukula kwa dzira lalikulu | Ma ounces 2.5-5 (80-150ml) |
Koma kumbukirani, si makanda onse omwe ali ofanana . Mwana wanu angafunike zambiri kapena zochepa kuposa izi. Choncho musadandaule ndi ziwerengerozi zokha. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuzindikira zizindikiro za njala ya mwana wanu ndikumudyetsa panthawiyo. Ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za izi kuti mudziwe zambiri.
Kodi mwana ali ndi njala? Kodi mwana wakhuta? Tiyeni timvetse bwino zizindikiro izi.
Makanda sanganene kuti, "Amayi, ndili ndi njala," koma amatiuza m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Timatcha izi 'zizindikiro za njala.' Ndikofunikira kuzizindikira msanga. Chifukwa mwana wanu akakhala ndi njala kwambiri ndipo wayamba kulira, zimakhala zovuta pang'ono kumutonthoza ndikumudyetsa.
| Zimene khalidwe la mwana wanu likunena | |
|---|---|
| Zizindikiro za Njala | |
| Zizindikiro zoyambirira (zingathe kuzindikirika msanga) |
|
| Zizindikiro pambuyo pa nthawi | |
| Chizindikiro chochedwa (mukakhala ndi njala yeniyeni) | |
| Zizindikiro za Kudzala | |
| Kudzaza m'mimba |
|
Mwana wanu akamaonetsa zizindikiro zoti wakhuta, musamamukakamize kuti amwe kapena kumudyetsa kwambiri. Kuchita zimenezi kungayambitse kuvutika m'mimba, mpweya, kapena kusanza.
Kodi nthawi yoti muyambe kudya zakudya zolimba yakwana? (Kuyamba kudya zakudya zolimba)
Makolo ambiri amayembekezera kupereka zakudya zolimba kwa ana awo. Makanda nthawi zambiri amakhala okonzeka kudya zakudya zolimba ali ndi miyezi 6. Kuwayamba ali ndi zaka zimenezi kungathandizenso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha ziwengo. Koma si ana onse omwe amakhala okonzeka nthawi imodzi. Yang'anirani zizindikiro izi kuti zikuthandizeni kudziwa ngati mwana wanu wakonzeka.
- Wokhoza kukhala wowongoka pampando popanda chithandizo chochuluka.
- Mukhoza kuyimitsa mutu wanu mowongoka.
- Mumaona chakudya chikudyedwa mwachidwi, mukuyesera kuchigwira.
- Chakudya chikaperekedwa pakamwa, chimatsegula pakamwa pake.
- Mukhoza kusuntha chakudya chomwe mumayika pakamwa panu kupita kukhosi kwanu m'malo mochitulutsa ndi lilime lanu. (N'zachibadwa kukankhira pang'ono kunja masiku oyambirira, koma ngati chikapitirira kuchita zimenezo, mwina sangakonzekerebe.)
- Amayesa kugwira zinthu zazing'ono monga zoseweretsa n'kuzibweretsa pakamwa pawo.
Ngati mwana wanu akuwonetsa zizindikiro izi, zikutanthauza kuti akuyamba pang'onopang'ono kulowa m'dziko la zakudya zolimba. Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse pa izi, funsani dokotala wa banja lanu kuti akutsimikizireni.
Kodi muyenera kuopa ziwengo za chakudya?
Ndizachibadwa kuda nkhawa mukayamba kudya chakudya chatsopano, n’kumadzifunsa kuti, “Kodi mwana wanga adzakhala ndi vuto la izi?” Mantha amenewa amakula makamaka ngati wina m’banjamo ali ndi vuto la zakudya, kapena ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la khungu monga eczema . Komabe, malinga ndi upangiri waposachedwa wa zachipatala, si bwino kuchedwetsa kuyambitsa zakudya zomwe zingayambitse matenda monga momwe timaganizira kale.
Mwachidule, zapezeka kuti kuyambitsa zakudya zomwe zimaonedwa kuti zimayambitsa ziwengo, monga mazira, nsomba, soya, ndi mtedza, pang'onopang'ono mwana akakwanitsa miyezi 6, kungachepetse chiopsezo chokhala ndi ziwengo pambuyo pake.
Koma pochita izi, onetsetsani kuti mwatsatira malamulo awa:
1.Yambitsani chakudya chatsopano chimodzi chokha nthawi imodzi: Musayambitse chakudya chatsopano ziwiri kapena zitatu tsiku limodzi. Yambitsani chimodzi ndipo yesani kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri.
2. Samalani ndi zizindikiro za ziwengo: Samalani kwambiri ngati pali zizindikiro za kutupa pakhungu, kusanza, kapena kutsegula m'mimba nthawi yomweyo mutangomaliza kudya. Ngati muwona chilichonse mwa izi, siyani kudyetsa chakudyacho ndipo pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo .
3. Funsani dokotala: Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda a ziwengo, onetsetsani kuti mwapeza upangiri wa dokotala musanamupatse zakudya zatsopano.
Zinthu zabwino kwambiri zoti mupatse mwana wanu komanso zinthu zomwe simuyenera kumupatsa
Mukayamba kudya zakudya zolimba, mutha kupatsa mwana wanu zinthu zambiri. Koma zinthu zina sizothandiza pa thanzi lake, ndipo zina zimatha kumuvutitsa.
Tiyeni tiphunzire za chimanga cha ana.
Kawirikawiri, makanda amayamba ndi chimanga chomwe chimapangidwira makanda. Mukasankha izi, sankhani mtundu wothira chitsulo womwe ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa mwana wanu. Yambitsani mbewu zosiyanasiyana, monga oats ndi barele.
Chofunika kwambiri: Musasakanize ufa wa chimanga mu botolo la mwana wanu. Nthawi zonse muzimudyetsa ndi supuni. Kumupatsa m'botolo kungayambitse zoopsa izi:
- Ikhoza kukodwa pakhosi panu.
- Ikhoza kupita ku mapapo.
- Mungawonjezere thupi lanu kuposa momwe mukufunira.
Zakudya zomwe simuyenera kupereka chaka choyamba
Kumbukirani mndandandawu mosamala. Musapatse mwana wanu zakudya izi mpaka atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi kapena kuposerapo.
| Chakudya chomwe sichiyenera kuperekedwa | Chifukwa |
|---|---|
| Uchi | Matenda oopsa a bakiteriya otchedwa botulism amatha kuchitika. |
| Mkaka wa ng'ombe ndi mkaka wa soya | Thupi la mwana silingathe kugaya zinthuzi, ndipo silipeza zakudya zofunikira. |
| Mchere, shuga, zonunkhira | Zimavulaza impso ndi thanzi la mwana. Zolowerani kukoma kwachilengedwe kwa chakudya. |
| Zakudya zokonzedwa | Masoseji, mipira ya nyama, ndi mabisiketi opangidwira akuluakulu ali ndi mchere wambiri, shuga, ndi zinthu zotetezera. |
| Zinthu zomwe zingakhudze m'mimba | Mphesa zonse, popcorn, mtedza wonse, maswiti, zidutswa zazikulu za tchizi/nyama. |
| Juwisi wazipatso | Ili ndi shuga wambiri komanso zakudya zochepa. Ndi bwino kupereka chipatso chonse chophwanyidwa. |
Malangizo angapo oti chiyambire chakudya cholimba chikhale chopambana
Kuyambitsa zakudya zatsopano zolimba si chinthu chomwe chimachitika nthawi imodzi, monga kutembenuza switch. Ndi chinthu chomwe chiyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono.
Kodi mumatani kuti chakudya chikhale chosavuta kumeza?
Makanda alibe mano oti atafune monga momwe ife tilili. Amadya potafuna chakudya chawo ndi mkamwa mwawo ndikuchisungunula ndi malovu. Choncho samalani ndi zinthu izi mukamakonza chakudya.
- Wiritsani ndiwo zamasamba zolimba ndi zipatso monga mbatata, mbatata zotsekemera, ndi kaloti bwino ndipo muzisungunule bwino.
- Ngati mukupereka nyama kapena nsomba, chotsani mafupa ndi khungu, ziwiritseni bwino, ndipo zikhale zofewa mokwanira kuti muzitha kuziphwanya ndi foloko.
- Onjezani mkaka wa m'mawere kapena mkaka wa m'mawere ku chimanga chomwe mudakonzera mwana wanu kuti apange chisakanizo chamadzimadzi.
- Ngati mukupereka zakudya zozungulira monga mphesa, onetsetsani kuti mwazidula m'litali m'zidutswa zazing'ono zinayi.
Kumbukirani zinthu izi pamene
- Lankhulani ndi mwana wanu: Mukamamudyetsa, nenani zinthu monga "Mmm... kodi si zokoma?" ndipo sangalalani nazo. Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kwa mwana wanu.
- Khalani oleza mtima: Mwana wanu sangakonde supuni koyamba, akhoza kuitulutsa pakamwa pake, kapena kulira. Izi ndi zachilendo. Musamukakamize. Mupatseni mkaka wa m'mawere/chikho cha mkaka kenako yesaninso patatha masiku angapo.
- Yambani ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino: choyamba perekani mkaka wa m'mawere/mapiritsi, kenako supuni ziwiri za chakudya cholimba, kenako malizani ndi mkaka pang'ono kachiwiri.
- Chitani nokha: Musanadyetse mwana wanu, bweretsani supuni pakamwa panu ndipo muyerekezere kuti mukudya. Izi zingalimbikitse mwana wanu kuchita chimodzimodzi.
Masiku oyambirira, mwana wanu adzatsanulira chakudya thupi lonse, mpando wake, ndi pansi. Palibe vuto. Ndi gawo la ulendo. Yang'anani ndi chochitika chatsopanochi moleza mtima ndi mwachikondi.
Kodi ndiyenera kusiya kuyamwitsa ngakhale nditayamba kudya zakudya zolimba?
Ayi, ayi ndithu. Ngati n'kotheka, pitirizani kuyamwitsa. Madokotala amalangiza kuti muyamwitse mwana wanu mkaka wokha kwa miyezi 6 yokha. Pambuyo pake, kuyambitsa zakudya zolimba ndi kuyamwitsa mpaka zaka ziwiri kapena kuposerapo n'kothandiza kwambiri pa thanzi la mwana wanu komanso chitetezo chamthupi. Zakudya zolimba ndi zowonjezera mkaka wa m'mawere, osati m'malo mwa mkaka wa m'mawere.
Mu mkhalidwe wotere, muyenera kuwona dokotala.
Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena nkhawa zokhudzana ndi kudyetsa mwana wanu, musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala pazochitika ngati izi.
- Ngati mwana wanu akana kudya zakudya zolimba patatha miyezi 6 komanso ngakhale atayesa mobwerezabwereza.
- Ngati ndowe ya mwana ili yotayirira kwambiri, yamadzi, kapena ili ndi ntchofu.
- Ngati mukuona kuti mwana wanu akudya pang'ono kwambiri kapena mopitirira muyeso.
- Ngati muli ndi preemie kapena matenda ena, funsani dokotala wanu za zakudya zoyenera mwana wanu.
Mungathe kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso monga: "Ndiyenera kuyamwitsa nthawi yayitali bwanji?", "Ndi zakudya ziti zolimba zabwino kwambiri zoyambira nazo?", "Kodi ndiyenera kupatsa mwana wanga vitamini D kapena zowonjezera zitsulo?", "Njira yabwino kwambiri yodyetsera mwana wanga ngati ali ndi reflux?".
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Zakudya za mwana wanu chaka choyamba zidzakhudza moyo wake wonse, choncho ndikofunikira kukhala oleza mtima komanso olondola panthawiyi.
- Kwa miyezi 6 yoyambirira, chakudya chachikulu cha mwana ndi mkaka wa m'mawere kapena mkaka wokonzedwa bwino.
- Dziwani zizindikiro za njala ndi kukhuta kwa mwana wanu. Musamuyembekezere kuti alire.
- Pa miyezi pafupifupi 6, ngati mwana wanu akusonyeza zizindikiro za kukonzekera, yambani kudya zakudya zolimba.
- Yambitsani zakudya zatsopano chimodzi chimodzi. Dziwani ngati pali ziwengo.
- Musapatse uchi, mkaka wa ng'ombe, mchere, shuga, ndi zakudya zomwe zingatsekerere m'chaka choyamba.
- Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena kukayikira kulikonse, musakhulupirire chilichonse chomwe mumapeza pa intaneti, nthawi zonse funsani upangiri kwa dokotala wanu.
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