Tiyeni tiphunzire zonse zokhudza kuyika maselo a tsinde m'njira yosavuta.

Mwina mwamvapo za kusamutsa maselo oyambira. Ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri, opulumutsa moyo wa matenda ena. Koma zimatenga nthawi kuti munthu achire mokwanira. Kodi tikambirane izi mwatsatanetsatane, monga momwe tikulankhulira ndi mnzanu?

Kodi Maselo Oyambira ndi Chiyani?

Mwachidule, maselo oyambira ndi mtundu wapadera kwambiri wa maselo m'thupi lathu. Maselo amenewa ali ndi mphamvu zodabwitsa zopanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo. Maselo oyambira omwe tikukamba za mu kusamutsa maselo oyambira ndi omwe amayambitsa maselo ofunikira m'magazi athu. Izi ndi izi:

• Maselo ofiira a magazi: Awa ndi omwe amanyamula mpweya m'thupi lonse.
• Maselo oyera a m'magazi: Maselo amenewa amatiteteza polimbana ndi majeremusi ndi matenda omwe amalowa m'thupi lathu.
• Ma platelets: Awa ndi omwe amathandiza magazi kuundana pamene pali kuvulala.

Taganizirani ngati maselo oyambira awa ali ngati dongo lomwe lingapangidwe kukhala chilichonse. Kutengera ndi kufunikira kwake, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, kapena ma platelet.

N’chifukwa chiyani kusintha maselo oyambira kumachitika?

Tsopano, tiyeni tiwone momwe kusintha maselo oyambira kumeneku kungathandize. Izi sizinthu zomwe zimachitika pa matenda onse, koma nthawi zina zoopsa, iyi ndiye yankho labwino kwambiri.

• Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu okhudzana ndi magazi: Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'magazi, yomwe imachitika pamene mafuta a m'mafupa sakugwira ntchito bwino.
• Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu ina ya khansa: Khansa monga Lymphoma kapena Multiple Myeloma.
• Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la chitetezo chamthupi: Chitetezo chawo chamthupi ndi chofooka kwambiri kotero kuti matupi awo sangathe kulimbana ndi matenda.
• Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune: Mwachitsanzo, matenda monga lupus, pamene maselo a thupi amaukira thupi.
• Mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwambiri pa matenda ena obadwa nawo m'magazi: Thalassemia kapena Sickle Cell Disease.

Kodi timapeza kuti maselo oyambira awa?

Chabwino, tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti timapeza kuti maselo oyambira ofunika awa. Pali malo atatu akuluakulu komwe madokotala angapeze maselo awa:

1. Bone Marrow: Iyi ndi njira yotchuka kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri imatchedwa 'Bone Marrow Transplant'. Bone Marrow ndi gawo lofewa, lokhala ngati siponji mkati mwa mafupa athu akuluakulu. Ndi komwe maselo amagazi amapangidwa.

2. Kudzera mu Magazi: Mwa kupereka mankhwala apadera, maselo oyambira kuchokera ku mafupa amatha kutulutsidwa kupita m'magazi, kenako maselowa amatha kusonkhanitsidwa kudzera mu makina ofanana ndi omwe amaperekedwa nthawi zonse. Izi zimatchedwa gulu la Peripheral Blood Stem Cells (PBSC).

3.Magazi a Chingwe cha Umbilical: Mwana akabadwa, chingwe cha umbilical chikachotsedwa, magazi otsala amakhala ndi maselo ofunika awa. Amenewa akhoza kutengedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu amene akufunika thandizo.

Mwanjira imeneyi, timatcha munthu amene amapereka maselo oyambira kuti 'wopereka' . Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti m'matenda ena, munthu amene ali ndi matendawa akhozanso kukhala wopereka yekha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, maselo ake oyambira amatengedwa chithandizo chisanayambe, kuzizira, kenako nkubwezeretsedwa kwa iye ngati pakufunika kutero. Izi zimatchedwa 'Autologous Transplant' .

Koma nthawi zambiri, wina amapereka maselo amenewa. Izi zimatchedwa 'Allogeneic Transplant' . Ngati maselo oyambira atengedwa kuchokera kwa wina, kapangidwe ka majini a maselo amenewo, makamaka zizindikiro za HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen), ziyenera kukhala zofanana kwambiri. Mwachidule, selo lililonse m'thupi lathu limakhala ndi khadi laling'ono la ID. Makhadi awiriwa a ID ayenera kukhala ofanana kwambiri, apo ayi thupi silingalandire maselo atsopano. Nthawi zambiri, m'bale wa mwana ndiye woyenera kwambiri. Nthawi zina, wofanana angapezeke kuchokera kwa kholo kapena wopereka wosagwirizana naye. Pali ma database akuluakulu (ma registry) kuti izi zipeze opereka oyenerera.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati wopereka wofanana naye sapezeka?

Tangoganizirani, ngati maselo oyambira ochokera kwa wopereka sakugwirizana kwenikweni (nthawi zina ngakhale atakhala ofanana bwino, mavutowa amatha kuchitika kwambiri kapena pang'ono), mavuto awiri akuluakulu angabuke:

1. Kukana: Apa ndi pamene chitetezo cha mthupi cha wodwalayo chimaukira maselo operekedwa kumene. Chimaganiza kuti, "Awa si maselo athu, ali ngati olowa m'malo akunja," ndipo chimayesa kuwawononga. Izi zimalepheretsedwa ndi mankhwala oletsa chitetezo cha mthupi.

2. Matenda a Graft-versus-Host (GVHD): Izi ndi zosiyana. Maselo oteteza thupi a wopereka watsopano (makamaka T-lymphocytes) amayamba kuukira maselo athanzi m'thupi la wodwalayo, akuganiza kuti, "Thupi ili si lathu." Izi zingakhudze madera monga khungu, chiwindi, ndi matumbo. Palinso mankhwala oletsa izi.

Kodi njira yosinthira maselo oyambira imachitika bwanji?

Chabwino, tiyeni tiwone momwe njira iyi yopatsirana imagwirira ntchito. Ndi njira yopitilira masitepe ambiri.

1. Kukonzekera:

Musanaike maselo oyambira, madokotala amaika chinthu chotchedwa 'central line', kapena 'central venous catheter' . Izi zili ngati mzere waukulu, wapadera wa IV (intravenous). Umayikidwa mu mtsempha waukulu pafupi ndi mtima, pansi pa khungu m'khosi, pachifuwa, kapena m'mimba. Mzere wapakati uwu ukhoza kusiyidwa pamalopo kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa IV wamba. Izi zimapangitsa kuti madokotala ndi anamwino azikupatsani mankhwala, kutenga magazi, ndikukupatsani maselo oikidwawo. Simukuyenera kulandira singano pafupipafupi.

2. Chithandizo cha kulimbitsa thupi:

Kuika maselo oyambira kumachitika m'chipinda chapadera m'chipatala. Choyamba, munthu amene alandire maselo opereka chithandizo (wolandira chithandizo) amapatsidwa mankhwala amphamvu a chemotherapy ndi/kapena radiation kwa masiku angapo. Izi zimatchedwa chithandizo cha conditioning. Izi zimachitika pazifukwa ziwiri zazikulu:

• Wonongani maselo oipa komanso owopsa (monga maselo a khansa, maselo a m'mafupa omwe sagwira ntchito bwino) omwe amayambitsa matenda.
• Kufooketsa chitetezo chake cha mthupi kuti maselo atsopano omwe aperekedwa athe kulowetsedwa bwino popanda kukanidwa.

3. Kusamutsa maselo oyambira:

Pambuyo poti chithandizo chatha, patatha tsiku limodzi kapena awiri opuma, maselo oyambira kuchokera kwa woperekayo amalowetsedwa mwa wodwalayo kudzera mu mzere wapakati (monga kupereka magazi). Iyi ndi njira yomwe imatenga maola angapo. Maselo amenewa amayenda m'magazi ndikukhazikika mu fupa la mafupa, komwe amayamba kupanga maselo atsopano amagazi athanzi.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mutaika chiwalo?

Munthu akalandira chithandizo cha stem cell, zimatenga nthawi kuti thupi lake lipange maselo ofiira atsopano, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi ma platelet. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga milungu iwiri kapena inayi kuti maselo atsopanowa ayambe kugwira ntchito. Panthawiyi, chiopsezo cha matenda, kutuluka magazi, ndi mavuto ena chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chiwerengero cha maselo a magazi chimakhala chochepa kwambiri pamene maselo akale a magazi akuwonongedwa ndipo atsopano akupangidwa.

Anthu ambiri amakhala m'chipinda chapadera kuchipatala kwa milungu itatu mpaka isanu (kapena kupitirira apo) atangoikidwa m'chipatala. Panthawiyi, gulu lachipatala limasamala kwambiri ndi izi:

• Mayeso a magazi amachitidwa tsiku lililonse kuti aone ngati maselo atsopano a magazi akupangidwa kuchokera ku maselo oyamba omwe adalowetsedwa m'thupi.
• Mankhwala amaperekedwa kuti apewe kukana ndi matenda a Graft-versus-Host (GVHD).
• Mankhwala monga maantibayotiki, maantibayotiki, ndi mavairasi amaperekedwa kuti apewe matenda.
• Ngati pakufunika, maselo ofiira a magazi ndi ma platelet amaperekedwa kunja (kuika magazi).
• Imafufuza ngati ziwalo monga chiwindi ndi impso zikugwira ntchito bwino.
• Mavuto aliwonse monga zilonda pakamwa, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, matenda opatsirana, kutuluka magazi, kukana, kapena GVHD amachiritsidwa mwachangu.
• Onetsetsani kuti wodwalayo akupeza zakudya zokwanira. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo kudyetsa mwana ndi machubu kapena zakudya zonse za parenteral (TPN).
• Aliyense amene amabwera kuchipatala amayesedwa kuti atsimikizire kuti akutsatira malamulo oletsa matenda. Izi zikutanthauza:
• Palibe munthu amene ali ndi matenda aliwonse (ngakhale chimfine) amene angabwere kudzaona wodwalayo.
• Aliyense ayenera kusamba m'manja bwino asanalowe m'chipindamo.
• Aliyense ayenera kuvala chigoba, magolovesi, ndi diresi.

Kodi makolo (ngati ali ndi mwana) angathandize bwanji?

Mwana akapatsidwa chithandizo cha stem cell,Zimatenga miyezi 6 mpaka 12, kapena kupitirira apo, kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chibwerere bwino. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, ngakhale matenda ang'onoang'ono akhoza kukhala ovuta kwambiri kwa ana. Ngakhale chimfine chingakhale choopsa. Nazi zina zomwe mungachite kuti muteteze mwana wanu ku matenda:

• Mwana wanu, achibale anu, ndi alendo (omwe amaloledwa kukaona malo) ayenera kusamba m'manja mwawo bwino komanso pafupipafupi ndi sopo wopha mabakiteriya ndi/kapena mankhwala oyeretsera m'manja. Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.
• Musabweretse munthu aliyense wodwala pafupi ndi mwanayo.
• Sambitsani mwana wanu tsiku lililonse ndi shampu ndi sopo wochepa. Sungani khungu loyera.
• Tsatirani malangizo a dokotala molondola:
• Kodi mwana angapite liti kusukulu kapena malo ena opezeka anthu ambiri (malo odzaza anthu, malo owonera makanema, malo ogulitsira zinthu).
• Kodi mwana ayenera kuvala chigoba nthawi yanji akamatuluka?
• Zakudya zomwe zili zabwino kwa mwana kudya komanso zakudya zomwe zili zoipa kwa mwana kudya (monga saladi zosaphika, nyama yosaphikidwa bwino ndi nsomba).
• Kodi mwanayo akhoza kukhala pafupi ndi ziweto ndi kuzikhudza?

Kodi ndi chiyani china chomwe tiyenera kudziwa?

Ana ambiri (ndi akuluakulu) amachira atalandira chithandizo cha stem cell. Komabe, nthawi yomwe amakhala kuchipatala komanso nthawi yomwe amakhala akuchira kunyumba ingakhale yovuta kwa wodwalayo komanso banja lake, m'maganizo komanso mwakuthupi.

"Musayese kuyenda ulendo uno nokha. Pemphani thandizo."

Pezani thandizo kuchokera kwa achibale anu, abwenzi, gulu lanu lachipatala, mlangizi, kapena wogwira ntchito zachitukuko. Mutha kusamalira bwino wodwala wanu (kapena mwana, ngati ndi mwana) ngati mudzisamalira bwino.

Kuti muthandize wodwala wanu kuchira ndikukhala wathanzi, chitani izi:

• Pitirizani kupita kwa dokotala nthawi zonse ndipo perekani mankhwala anu pa nthawi yake.
• Thandizani ndi kulimbikitsa wodwalayo pakusintha kwa thupi (monga kutayika kwa tsitsi, kutopa, kusintha kwa khungu) komwe kungachitike chifukwa cha mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi/kapena radiation.
• Athandizeni kuthana ndi kusungulumwa ndi kudzipatula komwe kumachitika chifukwa chokhala kutali ndi anzawo ndi abale awo panthawi yomwe akuchira. Apatseni mwayi wolankhulana, ngakhale kudzera pa mafoni apakanema.
• Funsani wodwalayo ngati akufuna kulankhula ndi mlangizi kapena wogwira ntchito zachitukuko kuti amuthandize kuthana ndi malingaliro monga chisoni, mantha, ndi mkwiyo zomwe zingabuke panthawi yochira.
• Thandizani wodwalayo (makamaka mwana) kukhazikitsa njira yosavuta ya tsiku ndi tsiku yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono (ngati dokotala wavomereza), kudya nthawi zonse, ndi zinthu zomwe amakonda, monga kusewera, kuwerenga, ndi kujambula.

Kodi ndi liti pamene tiyenera kupita kwa dokotala posachedwa?

Pali zoopsa zina mukabwerera kunyumba mutatenga katemera. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:Muyenera kuyimbira dokotala nthawi yomweyo, osachedwa ngakhale mphindi imodzi, apo ayi muyenera kutengedwera kuchipatala:

• Ngati kutentha kuli 38.0°C (100.4°F) kapena kupitirira apo mukayang'ana kuchokera pakamwa (ichi ndi chizindikiro choopsa kwambiri).
• Ngati muli ndi mphuno yotuluka madzi, chifuwa, chifuwa cholimba, kapena kupuma movutikira.
• Ngati kusanza kapena kutsegula m'mimba kukupitirira.
• Ngati mukumwa ndowe zakuda, zonyowa (izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha kutuluka magazi m'matumbo).
• Ngati mukumva kuvulala mosavuta kapena kutuluka magazi mosalekeza (monga mphuno kapena mkamwa).
• Ngati pali magazi mu mkodzo, kapena ngati mtundu wa mkodzo wasintha.
• Ngati mutu wanu ukupweteka kwambiri, chizungulire, kapena kusawona bwino.
• Palibe vuto kutsokomola magazi, koma ngati simungathe kuletsa kutuluka magazi m'mphuno mkati mwa mphindi zochepa,
• Ngati chinthu chatsopano chikuwonekera pathupi, monga ziphuphu.

Pomaliza, zinthu zofunika kukumbukira

Choncho, kuyika maselo oyambira kungakhale njira yopambana kwambiri komanso yosinthira moyo wa matenda ena akuluakulu. Koma ndi njira yofunika kwambiri, ndipo kuchira kumatenga nthawi, kuleza mtima, ndi kudzipereka. Chofunika kwambiri ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala molondola, kupatsa wodwalayo (ngati ndi mwana, mwanayo) chikondi, chikondi, ndi chithandizo cholimba, makamaka kumuteteza ku matenda.

Kumbukirani, inu ndi wodwala wanu simuli nokha paulendo wovutawu! Gulu la azachipatala, banja, ndi abwenzi onse ali nanu. Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena kukayikira kulikonse, kaya ndi kochepa bwanji, musaope kufunsa gulu la azachipatala. Alipo kuti akuthandizeni.

Kusamutsa Maselo a Tsinde , Kusamutsa Maselo a Tsinde, kusamutsa mafupa, matenda a magazi, khansa, chitetezo chamthupi, thanzi la ana, Chidziwitso cha zachipatala cha Sinhala, kusamutsa mafupa