Kodi ndi kuiwala zinthu komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha matenda a Parkinson? Tiyeni tikambirane za matenda a Parkinson's Dementia!

Kodi banja lanu, mwina amayi anu, abambo anu, kapena munthu wina wapafupi nanu akudwala matenda a Parkinson? Kodi munthu wotereyu waiwala pang'onopang'ono zinthu, wavutika kuchita zinthu zomwe kale zinali zosavuta, kapena waona kusintha kwa momwe amaganizira? Ndipotu, pali vuto la kukumbukira ndi luntha lomwe lingabwere ndi matenda a Parkinson. Lero tikambirana za matenda awa otchedwa `(Parkinson's Disease Dementia)`. Musachite mantha, tiyeni timvetse izi mosavuta.

Kodi matenda a Parkinson's Dementia ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, matenda a Parkinson's Disease Dementia (PDD) ndi kuchepa kwa luso loganiza komanso kuganiza komwe kumachitika mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a Parkinson, pafupifupi chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene matendawa adapezeka (nthawi zambiri nthawi yayitali).

Anthu ena amachita mantha akamva mawu oti "Dementia." Koma tiyeni timvetse tanthauzo lake. Dementia ndi vuto lomwe limapangitsa kuti munthu asamagwire bwino ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuti ntchito ya ubongo iyi isamagwire bwino ntchito, zinthu ziwiri mwa izi ziyenera kukhala zofooka:

• Kukumbukira
• Kuganiza mwanzeru
• Chilankhulo (kulankhula, kumvetsetsa)
• Kugwirizanitsa zinthu
• Khalidwe

Kawirikawiri, kuiwala kwakukulu kumeneku kusanachitike, vuto lotchedwa ``Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)`` lingachitike, lomwe limadziwika ndi mavuto ang'onoang'ono okumbukira kapena kuchepa pang'ono kwa liwiro la kuganiza. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kukumbukira kumakhala kofooka pang'ono, ngakhale sikusokoneza kwambiri zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku. Komabe, si milandu yonse ya ``MCI`` yomwe imapita ku ``Dementia``. Pakati pa 10% ndi 20% ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Parkinson angakhale ndi ``MCI`` yokha m'moyo wawo wonse.

Monga mukudziwira, matenda a Parkinson ndi matenda a mitsempha, kapena matenda a muubongo omwe amafooketsa maselo amitsempha pang'onopang'ono. Amakhudza kwambiri mayendedwe a thupi. Zizindikiro monga kugwirana chanza ndi kuyenda pang'onopang'ono (bradykinesia) ndizoyamba kuonekera. Komabe, pakapita nthawi, matendawa amathanso kukhudza ziwalo za ubongo zomwe zimalamulira kuganiza ndi zochita. Pamenepo ndi pomwe matenda a dementia amachitikira.

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji?

Chiwopsezo chotenga matenda a Parkinson's dementia chimasiyana malinga ndi zaka komanso nthawi yomwe mwakhala ndi matenda a Parkinson. Mwachitsanzo:

• Pakati pa 16% ndi 20% ya anthu azaka zapakati pa 60 ndi 75 akhala ndi matenda a Parkinson kwa zaka pakati pa 5 ndi 10.
• Pakati pa 20% ndi 30% ya anthu azaka zapakati pa 60 ndi 75 akhala ndi matenda a Parkinson kwa zaka 10 mpaka 15.
• Matendawa amatha kuchitika mwa anthu 50% mpaka 60% azaka zopitilira 75 omwe akhala ndi matenda a Parkinson kwa zaka zoposa 15.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a Parkinson's Dementia ndi ziti?

Mmene vutoli limakhudzira munthu aliyense zimasiyana, koma pali zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino:

• Kuvuta kuyika maganizo pa chinthu chimodzi: Kuvuta kuyika maganizo pa chinthu chimodzi, kusokonezedwa mosavuta.
• Kutaya kukumbukira: Kuvutika kukumbukira zinthu zatsopano, ndipo nthawi zina kuiwala zinthu zakale.
• Mavuto omvetsetsa zinthu zooneka ndi maso: Mwachitsanzo, kuvutika kupeza chinthu chimodzi pamalo odzaza anthu.
• Ngakhale ntchito yosavuta ingakhale yovuta kukonzekera, kuyamba, ndi kutsiriza.
• Mavuto a chilankhulo: Mawu amasokonezeka, mayina a zinthu amaiwalika, ndipo ziganizo zovuta zimakhala zovuta kuzimvetsa.
• Kulankhula kumakhala kosamveka bwino, ngati chibwibwi.

Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwa khalidwe kungachitike:

• Kusintha kwa maganizo: kuwonjezeka kwa chisoni (kukhumudwa), kukwiya pafupipafupi (kukwiya), ndi nkhawa.
• Kusasamala: Kusafuna kuchita chilichonse, kumva kutopa ndi chilichonse.
• Kusokonezeka maganizo: Kuona zinthu zomwe sizili zenizeni (makamaka kuona zinthu m'maganizo), kapena kukhulupirira zinthu zomwe sizili zenizeni (makamaka kuganiza mopanda nzeru).

Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu muli ndi zizindikiro izi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupita kwa dokotala kuti akakupatseni upangiri. Mutha kumvetsetsa momwe zinthu zilili ndikuchitapo kanthu popanda kuchita mantha.

Nchifukwa chiyani matenda a Parkinson's dementia amayamba?

Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi kuchulukana kwa mapuloteni osazolowereka otchedwa `(matupi a Lewy)` muubongo. `(matupi a Lewy)` awa ndi timagulu tating'ono topangidwa ndi puloteni yotchedwa `(alpha-synuclein)`. Izi zikasonkhana mkati mwa maselo amitsempha `(ma neuron)` a ubongo, maselo amenewo amawonongeka ndi kufa.

Mu matenda a Parkinson, `(matupi a Lewy)` amenewa amayamba kuikidwa m'zigawo za ubongo zomwe zimalamulira kuyenda, makamaka m'dera la `(basal ganglia)`. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mavuto oyenda monga kunjenjemera ndi kuyenda pang'onopang'ono amayamba. Pakapita nthawi, `(matupi a Lewy)` amenewa amatha kufalikira kumadera apamwamba a ubongo omwe amalamulira zinthu monga kuganiza, kukumbukira, ndi chilankhulo. Pamenepo ndi pomwe `(Parkinson's Disease Dementia)` imachitika.

Matendawa ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mtundu wina wa matenda a dementia wotchedwa Lewy body dementia (LBD). Ndipotu, asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti matenda onsewa amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha puloteni alpha-synuclein. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi momwe zizindikiro zimaonekera. Tikambirana za izi posachedwa.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa?

Zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Parkinson's dementia ndi izi:

1. Kuchuluka kwa zaka: Chiwopsezochi chimawonjezeka ndi ukalamba.

2. Kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi ya matenda a Parkinson: Matendawa akamakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali, chiopsezo chotenga matenda a dementia chimakulanso.

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zina za matenda a Parkinson alinso ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matenda a dementia. Zizindikiro zimenezi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kukhala ndi zizindikiro zoopsa za kuyenda kwa thupi: Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa monga kunjenjemera ndi kuvutika kuyenda.
• Kumayambiriro kwa matenda a Parkinson , mavuto a dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira pawokha (monga, hypotension ya orthostatic, kusadziletsa kwa mkodzo) angachitike.
• Matenda a mayendedwe amakhudza mbali zonse ziwiri za thupi mofanana (zizindikiro zofanana za kayendedwe ka thupi).
• Mankhwala okhala ndi dopamine a matenda a Parkinson sagwira ntchito bwino monga momwe amayembekezera.
• Kukhala ndi vuto lotchedwa "REM sleep behavior disorder" (lomwe limasonyeza zomwe mumalota).

Kodi mumazindikira bwanji izi molondola?

Mwatsoka, palibe mayeso enieni omwe angatsimikizire nthawi yomweyo kukhalapo kwa matenda a Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Dokotala amapanga matendawa poganizira zinthu zingapo:

• Amafunsa kuti zizindikiro zanu zinayamba liti komanso momwe zasinthira.
• Funsani za mbiri yanu yonse ya matenda.
• Ndiona mankhwala omwe mukumwa panopa.
• Funsani ngati pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene ali ndi matendawa.

Kuphatikiza apo, mayeso ena angachitike kuti athandize kupeza matenda. Mwachitsanzo, mayeso a magazi, mayeso ojambulira ubongo (monga CT scans, MRI scans), ndi mayeso a neuropsychological omwe amayesa luso loganiza.

Monga ndanenera kale, zizindikiro ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Parkinson's Disease Dementia (PDD) ndi Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) ndizofanana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pali njira yaying'ono yomwe madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito kusiyanitsa pakati pa ziwirizi:

• Ngati zizindikiro za matenda a dementia (monga kuiwala kukumbukira) zimawonekera osachepera chaka chimodzi (nthawi zambiri zaka zingapo) pambuyo poti matenda a Parkinson ayamba kusokonekera (monga kunjenjemera, kuyenda pang'onopang'ono), amatchedwa Parkinson's Disease Dementia (PDD).
• Ngati zizindikiro za matenda a dementia zikuwonekera musanayambe, mkati, kapena mkati mwa chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene matenda a Parkinson ayamba, amatchedwa `(Lewy body dementia - LBD)`. Odwala ena `(LBD)` sangadwale matenda a Parkinson.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Funso lomwe anthu ambiri amafunsa ndi lakuti kodi pali mankhwala ochizira matendawa, kapena ngati angachiritsidwe? Kunena zoona, palibe mankhwala omwe angaletse kapena kubweza kupitirira kwa matenda a Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Ndi nkhani yomvetsa chisoni pang'ono.

Koma musataye mtima! Pali mankhwala ndi mankhwala omwe angathandize kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa zizindikiro zina. Mwachitsanzo:

• `(Zoletsa Cholinesterase)`:Mankhwala a m'gulu ili, monga donepezil (Aricept®), rivastigmine (Exelon®), ndi galantamine (Razadyne®), angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro zina, makamaka kuona zinthu molakwika, kusintha kwa maganizo, ndi kusintha kwa khalidwe.
• Mankhwala oletsa kubwerezabwereza kwa serotonin (SSRIs) ndi mankhwala oletsa kubwerezabwereza kwa serotonin ndi norepinephrine (SNRIs): Awa ndi mankhwala omwe nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuvutika maganizo. Angathandize kuchepetsa kusintha kwa maganizo monga chisoni, mkwiyo, ndi mantha.
• Chithandizo cha khalidwe la maganizo (CBT): Ichi ndi mtundu wa mankhwala amisala, omwe ndi mtundu wa mankhwala olankhula. Angathandize kuthana ndi mavuto monga mavuto a khalidwe ndi kupsinjika maganizo.

Gulu lanu lachipatala lidzakambirana nanu ndikusankha chithandizo chomwe chili chabwino kwa inu. Koma kumbukirani chinthu chimodzi. Mankhwala ena angapangitse kuti zizindikiro za matenda a dementia zikhale zoipitsitsa. Mwachitsanzo, carbidopa-levodopa, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda oyendayenda a Parkinson, amatha kuwonjezera ziwonetsero ndi chisokonezo mwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a dementia a Parkinson. Chifukwa chake, musayambe kapena kusiya kumwa mankhwala aliwonse popanda upangiri wa dokotala wanu.

Pakhoza kukhala mayesero azachipatala omwe akuchitika pa chithandizo chatsopano cha matenda a Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Muthanso kufunsa dokotala wanu za zimenezo.

Kodi vutoli likupita bwanji mtsogolo? (Zomwe zidzachitike)

Kuyembekezeka kwa munthu amene ali ndi vutoli kumadalira zinthu zingapo. Komabe, monga matenda a Parkinson, matenda a Parkinson's Dementia nthawi zambiri amakula pakapita nthawi. Ngakhale kuti chithandizo chingathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro, moyo wabwino nthawi zambiri umachepa.

Kodi izi zingakule mofulumira bwanji?

Kuchuluka kwa matenda a Parkinson's Disease Dementia kumasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi munthu, monga momwe matenda a Parkinson amapitira patsogolo. Gulu lanu lachipatala lingakuuzeni inu ndi banja lanu zomwe mungayembekezere kutengera vuto lanu.

Kodi izi sizingaletsedwe kuti zisachitike?

Mwatsoka, pakadali pano palibe chomwe chingachitike kuti matenda a Parkinson's Disease Dementia asakule. Komanso, palibe njira yochepetsera chiopsezo cha matendawa.

Kodi tingamuthandize bwanji munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Parkinson's dementia?

Ngati wokondedwa wanu ali ndi vutoli, kuwonjezera pa kugwira ntchito ndi gulu lachipatala kuti mumupatse chisamaliro chabwino kwambiri, palinso zinthu zina zingapo zomwe mungachite:

• Dziwani zambiri momwe mungathere zokhudza matenda a Parkinson's Disease Dementia: Mukadziwa zambiri za matendawa, zimakhala zosavuta kuti muthane ndi zomwe zikubwera. Ndipo, mudzatha kuchirikiza bwino wokondedwa wanu.
• Fewetsani malo ake:Chotsani zinthu zosafunikira m'nyumbamo ndipo zisungeni bwino. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kusokonezeka maganizo komwe amakumana nako. Kuwayatsa pang'ono usiku kungathandize kuchepetsa kuona molakwika.
• Khazikitsani chizolowezi chokhazikika: Kukhala ndi chizolowezi chokhazikika, monga kudya, kusamba, ndi kugona nthawi yomweyo tsiku lililonse, kungathandize anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Parkinson's Dementia kukhala omasuka komanso otetezeka.
• Lowani nawo gulu lothandizira: Limbikitsani wokondedwa wanu komanso inuyo kutenga nawo mbali m'magulu othandizira odwala a Parkinson ndi mabanja awo. Maguluwa angapereke chidziwitso chamtengo wapatali, upangiri, ndi zokumana nazo. Izi zitha kukhala mphamvu yayikulu paulendowu.

Kodi matenda a Parkinson's dementia ndi osiyana ndi matenda ena ofala a dementia?

Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a dementia, ndipo zizindikiro zake zimasiyana. Matenda a Alzheimer's ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda a dementia. Malinga ndi asayansi, zizindikiro za matenda a Parkinson's dementia zimasiyana pang'ono ndi za matenda a Alzheimer's dementia. Mwachitsanzo:

• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Parkinson's Dementia nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la kusalabadira komanso kuvutika kuganizira zinthu kuposa omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's dementia angakhale ndi vuto la chilankhulo kale kuposa omwe ali ndi matenda a Parkinson's dementia. Komanso, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's amavutika kukumbukira zinthu zatsopano kuposa omwe ali ndi matenda a Parkinson's dementia.

Kodi pali magawo osiyanasiyana a matenda a Parkinson's dementia?

Madokotala avomereza njira zogawira matenda a Parkinson m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Komabe, palibe njira yeniyeni yogawira matenda a Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Izi zili choncho chifukwa momwe amakhudzira aliyense komanso kuchuluka kwa matendawa zimasiyana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, n'zovuta kwa asayansi ndi madokotala kuwagawa m'magawo enaake.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Sikophweka kudziwa kuti muli ndi matenda a Parkinson, matenda omwe amakhudza kukumbukira kwanu ndipo angakhudze luso lanu logwira ntchito. Ndizachibadwa kumva chisoni, kukhumudwa, komanso kuopa zomwe zidzachitike mtsogolo. Kumbukirani kuti simuli nokha panthawiyi. Pezani chithandizo chomwe mukufuna kuchokera kwa okondedwa anu, abale anu, anzanu, komanso makamaka gulu lanu lachipatala.

Kumbukirani, ngakhale kuti chithandizo sichingathe kuchiza vutoli kwathunthu, chingathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikukweza moyo wanu pang'ono. Choncho, musataye mtima ndipo pitirizani ulendowu ndi chithandizo chomwe mumalandira.

Matenda a Parkinson, matenda a dementia, kulephera kukumbukira, matenda a ubongo, matupi a Lewy, matenda a mitsempha, chisamaliro cha okalamba