Tonsefe timakonda mitundu yokongola, sichoncho? Ndi chimwemwe chachikulu pamene mtundu wokongola wawonjezeredwa pakhoma la nyumba yathu, zovala zomwe timavala, ndi zinthu zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito. Koma tangoganizirani, bwanji ngati mtundu wokongola womwe mumakonda kugwiritsa ntchito ukhaladi poizoni wakupha? Lero ndikulankhula nanu za nkhani yochititsa mantha komanso yeniyeni. Iyi ndi nkhani yokhudza mtundu wobiriwira wopepuka womwe kale unakopa England yonse, koma nthawi yomweyo unapha anthu mwakachetechete.
Mtundu wobiriwira woopsa umene unali paliponse
Nkhaniyi ikuyamba ku England m'zaka za m'ma 1800. Panthawiyo, ndi kusintha kwa mafakitale, mafakitale kulikonse, ndi thambo lodzaza ndi utsi, anthu ankakonda kwambiri mtundu wobiriwira wa chilengedwe. Pakadali pano, mtundu wobiriwira wokongola kwambiri unayamba kutchuka. Unkatchedwa 'Scheele's Green'. Mtundu uwu unatchedwa dzina la katswiri wa zamankhwala waku Sweden amene anaupeza mu 1778. Mtundu uwu unatchuka kwambiri kotero kuti unkagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chilichonse kuyambira pakhoma la Buckingham Palace mpaka pazikuto za mabuku, zovala, zoseweretsa, zokongoletsa makeke, ndi maswiti. Unali mtundu wa "it" panthawiyo, ndiko kuti, mtundu wotchuka kwambiri.
Koma kuseri kwa kukongola kumeneku kunali chinsinsi chakupha. Utoto uwu unapangidwa posakaniza mkuwa ndi mpweya ndi chinthu chakupha kwambiri cha arsenic .
Mwachidule, anthu panthawiyo mosadziwa ankagwiritsa ntchito poizoni wakuphayu m'nyumba zawo komanso ngakhale m'matupi awo.
Kodi arsenic kwenikweni ndi chiyani?
Arsenic ndi chinthu chomwe chimapezeka mwachilengedwe m'nthaka yathu ndi pansi pa nthaka. Panthawiyo, madokotala ankagwiritsanso ntchito arsenic pang'ono pochiza matenda monga malungo, mphumu,
ndi eczema . Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, ngakhale masiku ano, mankhwala otchedwa arsenic trioxide amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ngati mankhwala a chemotherapy pochiza mtundu woopsa kwambiri wa khansa ya m'magazi, Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. Koma nthawi yomweyo, anthu akhala akudziwa kwa zaka zambiri kuti arsenic ndi poizoni woopsa. M'mbiri, imatchedwanso "mfumu ya poizoni" chifukwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha adani a mafumu mwachinsinsi. Chifukwa chakuti ilibe fungo kapena kukoma, imatha kusakanizidwa mosavuta mu chakudya ndi zakumwa. Komanso, popeza zizindikiro zoyamba za poizoni wa arsenic, monga
nseru ,
kusanza , ndi
kupweteka m'mimba , zimafanana ndi zizindikiro za matenda monga kolera, omwe anali ofala panthawiyo, palibe amene ankaganiza kuti ndi kupha munthu.
Ngozi yawululidwa
Kale mu 1839, katswiri wa zamankhwala waku Germany anachenjeza za izi. Anati ngati Scheele's Green ikapachikidwa m'zipinda zonyowa, ingapereke mpweya wapoizoni. Lipotilo litatulutsidwa, ana anayi ku London anamwalira chifukwa cha kulephera kupuma. Zipinda zawo zinali zitapachikidwa kumene ndi pepala lobiriwira ili. Pambuyo pake pepalalo litayesedwa, linapezeka kuti lili ndi arsenic yoopsa pa sikweya mita imodzi. Imfa ndi matenda enanso amayambitsidwa ndi mtundu wobiriwira uwu. Dokotala wina anapeza arsenic m'makoma awa pamene anafufuza kuti ankatuluka m'chipinda chake chobiriwira usiku uliwonse ndi kupweteka m'mimba, chizungulire, komanso chilakolako chofuna kusanza. Anati, "Anthu ambiri ku Britain akupatsidwa poizoni pang'onopang'ono."
Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani ngati arsenic yalowa m’thupi?
Kuipa komwe arsenic imachita pa thupi kumadalira kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amatengedwa. Tiyeni tiwone zotsatira zake.
| Mtundu wa poizoni | Zizindikiro ndi zotsatira zake |
|---|
| Kumwa mankhwala ambiri nthawi imodzi (Acute Poison ) | - Choyamba, mavuto a m'mimba (nseru, kusanza, kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba , kutsegula m'mimba ) zimachitika.
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatsika mwadzidzidzi.
- Kusakhazikika kwa kayendedwe ka mtima (arrhythmias) kumachitika.
- Kutaya madzi ambiri m'thupi kungayambitse kugwedezeka, kugwa kwa mtima , komanso imfa mkati mwa maola ochepa.
- Ngati moyo suli m'thupi, kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera ndi ofiira m'magazi kudzachepa kwambiri mkati mwa masiku ochepa. Izi zingayambitse matenda a mitsempha ya m'magazi m'manja ndi m'mapazi, zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa, dzanzi, ndipo pamapeto pake imfa.
|
| Kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa nthawi yayitali (poizoni kwa nthawi yayitali) | - Zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya pakhungu, khansa ya m'mapapo, ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Zingayambitsenso khansa ya chiwindi ndi impso.
- Zimayambitsa zotsatira zambiri zomwe sizimayambitsa khansa. Zimagwirizana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a shuga, ndi matenda a mitsempha ya muubongo.
- Umboni watsopano ukusonyeza kuti izi zitha kusokoneza thanzi la kubereka komanso kuwononga chitukuko cha ubongo wa ana.
|
Panthawiyo, anthu sankamvetsa bwino zotsatira za arsenic kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma anaona zina mwa izo. Anaziwonetsa m'mabuku azachipatala ndi m'manyuzipepala, monga hyper-pigmentation ndi kufooka chifukwa cha kupuma kapena kumeza arsenic.
Mapeto a mtundu ndi phunziro kwa ife
Ngakhale machenjezo amenewa, mapepala obiriwira anali bizinesi yaikulu panthawiyo. Ngakhale William Morris, wopanga mapepala odziwika bwino, ankagwiritsa ntchito utotowo. Sikuti analinso ndi gawo mu kampani yayikulu kwambiri ya arsenic panthawiyo. Anaseka mantha a arsenic ponena kuti, "Zili ngati kuopa mfiti." Komabe, mu 1879, mlendo wachifumu ku Buckingham Palace anadwala atagona m'chipinda chokhala ndi mapepala obiriwira. Pambuyo pa izi, Mfumukazi Victoria inalamula kuti
mapepala onse obiriwira m'nyumba yachifumu achotsedwe . Pang'onopang'ono, chidziwitso cha anthu chinafalikira kudzera m'manyuzipepala. Boma lisanakhazikitse malamulo, anthu okha anayamba kukana zinthu zokhala ndi arsenic. Izi zinakakamiza opanga kupanga utoto wotetezeka.
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe tikumvetsa kuchokera mu nkhaniyi ndichakuti si bwino kunyengedwa ndi kukongola kwakunja kwa chinthu china. Zimasonyezanso momwe chidziwitso cha anthu chilili champhamvu pankhani ya thanzi la anthu.
Ngakhale masiku ano, ndizovuta kubwezeretsanso mtundu wobiriwira wa chilengedwe. Ngakhale utoto wina wobiriwira womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano siwoteteza chilengedwe. Kuyesa kwa anthu kutsanzira chilengedwe kukadali koopsa.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Nthawi zina pamakhala zoopsa zobisika kumbuyo kwa zinthu zokongola, choncho samalani, makamaka ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi mankhwala.
- Arsenic ndi poizoni wakupha yemwe amatha kupha ngati atadyedwa mochuluka nthawi imodzi, ndipo angayambitse khansa ndi matenda ena akuluakulu ngati atadyedwa pang'onopang'ono.
- Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akukayikira kuti pali poizoni, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo kapena funsani National Poisons Information Centre ku Colombo National Hospital.Imbani National Poisons Information Centre.
- Chidziwitso cha anthu pankhani ya thanzi chingakhale champhamvu ngati, kapena champhamvu kuposa, malamulo ndi malangizo a boma.
Arsenic, poizoni wa arsenic, Scheele's Green, poizoni, poizoni, matenda akale, mbiri ya thanzi
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