Tonsefe timakonda mitundu yokongola, sichoncho? Kaya ndi kupaka makoma athu, kusankha zovala zokongola, kapena kusankha zinthu zapakhomo, kung'anima kwa utoto kumatibweretsera chisangalalo. Koma taganizirani ngati mtundu womwe mumakonda unali poizoni wakupha. Lero, ndikufuna kugawana nanu nkhani yosangalatsa komanso yeniyeni. Iyi ndi nkhani ya utoto wobiriwira wopepuka womwe unakopa England wa m'zaka za m'ma 1800, koma unapha anthu omwe ankakhala pafupi nawo.
Chobiriwira Choopsa Chimene Chinali Kulikonse
Nkhaniyi ikuyamba ku England m'zaka za m'ma 1800. Pakati pa kusintha kwa mafakitale, komwe kunali thambo lodzaza ndi utsi ndi utsi wa fakitale, anthu ankalakalaka zobiriwira zachilengedwe. Panthawiyi, mtundu wobiriwira wokongola komanso wopepuka unakopa malingaliro a anthu. Unkadziwika kuti 'Scheele's Green,' womwe unatchedwa dzina la katswiri wa zamankhwala waku Sweden amene anaupeza mu 1778.
Mtundu uwu unatchuka kwambiri moti unkagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chilichonse kuyambira pa makoma a Nyumba ya Ufumu ya Buckingham mpaka pa zivundikiro za mabuku, zovala, zoseweretsa, zokongoletsa makeke, ndi maswiti. Unali mtundu weniweni wa "iwo" wa nthawi imeneyo.
Komabe, kuseri kwa kukongola kumeneku kunali chinsinsi chakupha. Utoto uwu unapangidwa posakaniza mkuwa ndi mpweya ndi arsenic , chinthu chakupha kwambiri.
Mwachidule, anthu mosadziwa anali kukhala, kupuma, ndipo ngakhale kuvala poizoni wakupha uyu m'nyumba zawo.
Kodi Arsenic Ndi Chiyani Kwenikweni?
Arsenic ndi chinthu chomwe chimapezeka mwachilengedwe m'nthaka ndi pansi pa nthaka. Kalelo, madokotala ankagwiritsa ntchito pang'ono pochiza malungo, mphumu, ndi eczema . Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, ngakhale masiku ano, mankhwala otchedwa Arsenic Trioxide amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ngati mankhwala a chemotherapy pochiza mtundu wina wa khansa ya m'magazi (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia).
Komabe, kwa zaka mazana ambiri, anthu ankadziwanso kuti arsenic ndi poizoni wamphamvu. Popeza ndi yopanda fungo komanso yopanda kukoma, inali yobisika mosavuta mu chakudya kapena zakumwa, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti idziwike kuti ndi "mfumu ya poizoni" yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opha anthu m'mbiri. Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikiro zoyambirira za poizoni wa arsenic—monga nseru , kusanza , ndi kupweteka m'mimba —zinkasonyeza matenda ofala monga kolera, kotero palibe amene ankaganiza kuti ndi wolakwa.
Ngozi Yavumbulutsidwa
Kale kwambiri mu 1839, katswiri wa sayansi ya zamankhwala waku Germany anachenjeza kuti ngati zipinda zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri zitakongoletsedwa ndi pepala la Scheele's Green, zitha kutulutsa utsi woopsa. Patangopita nthawi yochepa kuchokera pamene lipoti lake linaperekedwa, ana anayi ku London anamwalira chifukwa cha vuto la kupuma; chipinda chawo chogona chinali chitakongoletsedwa ndi pepala lobiriwira ili. Atayesedwa, pepalalo linapezeka kuti lili ndi arsenic yoopsa pa sikweya mita imodzi.
Imfa ndi matenda ofananawo zinatsatira. Dokotala wina, pofufuza chifukwa chake ankavutika ndi kupweteka m'mimba, chizungulire, komanso kusanza nthawi iliyonse akachoka ku kafukufuku wake, anazindikira kuopsa kwake. Ananenanso kuti anthu ambiri ku Britain ankapatsidwa poizoni pang'onopang'ono komanso nthawi zonse.
Kodi Chimachitika N'chiyani Arsenic Ikalowa M'thupi?
Kuwonongeka kwa arsenic kumadalira kwambiri mlingo wa mankhwala. Tiyeni tiwone momwe zimakukhudzirani.
| Mtundu wa Poizoni | Zizindikiro ndi Zotsatirapo |
|---|---|
| Poizoni Woopsa (Kupezeka mwadzidzidzi ndi mlingo waukulu) |
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| Poizoni Wosatha (Kupezeka kwa nthawi yayitali komanso mlingo wochepa) |
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Ngakhale kuti anthu panthawiyo sankamvetsa bwino zotsatira zake za nthawi yayitali, ankaona zizindikiro monga kuoneka kwa khungu lofiira kwambiri komanso kutha, zomwe zinkafotokozedwa m'magazini azachipatala komanso m'mafilimu andale.
Mapeto a Mtundu ndi Phunziro Lomwe Taphunzira
Ngakhale machenjezowo adaperekedwa, mapepala obiriwira anali bizinesi yayikulu. Ngakhale wopanga mapulani wotchuka William Morris adagwiritsa ntchito utoto uwu ndipo anali ndi gawo mu kampani yotchuka yopanga zinthu za arsenic, ndipo adatsutsa mantha azaumoyo ngati nthano "yodabwitsa".
Komabe, mu 1879, mlendo wachifumu atadwala akugona m'chipinda chokhala ndi mapepala obiriwira, Mfumukazi Victoria inalamula kuti mapepala onse obiriwira achotsedwe m'nyumba yachifumu.
Pang'onopang'ono, chidziwitso cha anthu chinakula kudzera m'manyuzipepala. Ngakhale malamulo a boma asanayambe kukhazikitsidwa, anthu anayamba kukana zinthu zomwe zili ndi arsenic, zomwe zinapangitsa opanga kupanga utoto wotetezeka.
Phunziro lofunika kwambiri lomwe tikuphunzira kuchokera pa izi ndilakuti sitiyenera kuchititsidwa khungu ndi kukongola kwakunja. Limasonyezanso mphamvu yaikulu ya chidziwitso cha anthu pankhani ya thanzi.
Mpaka lero, kubwerezabwereza zobiriwira zachilengedwe kukupitirirabe kukhala vuto. Mitundu ina yamakono siili yoteteza chilengedwe. Kuyesa kwa anthu kutsanzira chilengedwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi zoopsa zobisika.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Zinthu zokongola zakunja nthawi zina zimatha kubisa zinsinsi zoopsa. Nthawi zonse samalani ndi zosakaniza zomwe zili muzinthu zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito, makamaka mankhwala.
- Arsenic ndi poizoni wamphamvu kwambiri yemwe amatha kupha munthu akamamwa mankhwala ambiri ndipo angayambitse khansa ndi matenda ena akuluakulu omwe amakhalapo nthawi yayitali.
- Ngati mukukayikira kuti pali poizoni, funani thandizo lachipatala mwamsanga kapena imbani ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi m'dera lanu kapena malo olamulira poizoni m'dziko lonselo.
- Chidziwitso cha anthu pankhani ya thanzi chili ndi mphamvu kwambiri kuposa malamulo a boma.
Arsenic, Poizoni wa Arsenic, Scheele's Green, Poizoni, Poizoni, Mbiri ya Zachipatala, Mbiri ya Zaumoyo
