Kodi ndi matenda pachifuwa? Chifuwa chabe? Kapena ndi chibayo? Tiyeni tikambirane!

Kodi munayamba mwakhalapo ndi malungo ndi kumva kupsinjika pachifuwa panu komanso kuvutika kupuma? Nthawi zambiri, timaganiza kuti izi ndi chimfine kapena chimfine wamba, koma nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Ndicho chimene chibayo chili. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za matenda otchedwa chibayo mwatsatanetsatane komanso mwachidule, chabwino?

Kodi chibayo kwenikweni n’chiyani?

Mwachidule, chibayo ndi matenda a m'mapapo mwanu. Kunena zoona, ndi pamene timatumba tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya mkati mwa mapapo mwanu totchedwa alveoli timatupa ndikudzaza ndi madzi kapena mafinya. Ganizirani mapapu anu ngati magulu ang'onoang'ono a mphesa omwe ali kumbuyo kwa ma bronchioles omwe amatuluka ngati nthambi za mtengo. Timatumba ta mpweya timeneti ndi komwe mpweya womwe timapuma umalowa m'magazi. Ndiye, chimachitika ndi chiyani izi zikagwidwa ndi matendawa? Simungathe kuyamwa mpweya bwino, mumavutika kupuma, mumakhala ndi ululu pachifuwa, ndipo mumatsokomola ntchofu. Kodi mukumvetsa? Izi zitha kuchitika m'mapapo amodzi okha, kapena zitha kuchitika m'mapapo onse awiri.

Kodi chibayo chimayambitsa chiyani?

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zomwe zimayambitsa matenda otchedwa chibayo. Nthawi zambiri, amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tomwe sitingathe kuona ndi maso athu.

• Mabakiteriya: Chibayo chimayamba pamene mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya ilowa m'mapapo. Streptococcus pneumoniae ndi yomwe imayambitsa chibayo nthawi zambiri. Mtundu uwu wa mabakiteriya nthawi zambiri sumayambitsa vuto lililonse pakhosi ndi mphuno zathu, koma ukhoza kukhala vuto ngati utalowa m'mapapo pamene chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chafooka.
• Mavairasi: Mavairasi omwe amayambitsa matenda monga chimfine ndi fuluwenza omwe tonse timakhala nawo nthawi zina amatha kukhala chibayo. Izi zimachitika makamaka kwa ana aang'ono ndi okalamba. Zitsanzo za mavairasi ndi monga `(Influenza virus)` (timatcha kuti 'flu' virus), `(Respiratory Syncytial Virus - RSV)`. Tawona kuti kachilombo ka Covid-19 (`COVID-19`) kangayambitsenso chibayo chachikulu.
• Bowa: Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri, koma anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, kapena omwe ali ndi matenda ena akuluakulu (monga HIV/AIDS), amathanso kudwala chibayo chifukwa cha matenda a bowa.
• Kutulutsa chakudya kapena zakumwa m'njira yopumira (Aspiration Pneumonia): Nthawi zina, makamaka kwa anthu omwe sadziwa chilichonse (monga munthu amene wadwala sitiroko) kapena amene akuvutika kumeza, chakudya kapena chakumwa, kapena zomwe zili m'mimba (madzi amchere) zimatha kulowa m'mapapo, zomwe zimayambitsa chibayo. Izi zimatchedwa aspiration pneumonia.

Taonani, pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, sichoncho? Ndicho chifukwa chake nthawi zina dokotala amafunika kudziwa mtundu weniweni wa kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa matendawa asanachichiritse.

Kodi pali mitundu ya chibayo?

Inde, pali magulu ena a chibayo kutengera momwe chimakulira komanso komwe chimayambira. Simuyenera kuphunzira izi ngati kuti mukupita ku mayeso akuluakulu, koma ndibwino kudziwa pang'ono.

• Chibayo Chopezeka Pagulu (CAP): Uwu ndi mtundu wa chibayo chomwe timachiwona nthawi zambiri, chomwe chimafalikira kunja kwa zipatala, m'malo ogwirira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.
• Chibayo Chopezeka M'chipatala (HAP): Chibayo chomwe chimayamba munthu ali kuchipatala chifukwa cha matenda ena (nthawi zambiri mkati mwa maola 48 kuchokera pamene walowa m'chipatala). Izi zitha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri, chifukwa majeremusi omwe amapezeka m'zipatala nthawi zina amakhala osamva mankhwala.
• Chibayo Choyenda: Ichi ndi chibayo chofatsa komanso chosavuta. Anthu ena sadziwa kuti ali nacho, chimangomveka ngati chimfine wamba. Amatha kuchita zinthu zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku, ndichifukwa chake chimatchedwa chibayo "choyenda". Koma chingakhalenso chachikulu ngati sichinachiritsidwe bwino.

Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu ngati iyi, chofunika kwambiri ndikupempha upangiri kwa dokotala zizindikiro zikangoyamba kuonekera.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli ndi chibayo? - Zizindikiro

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro zomwe mungakumane nazo mukadwala chibayo. Izi sizibwera mofanana kwa aliyense. Anthu ena angayambe pang'onopang'ono, pomwe ena angayambe mwadzidzidzi.

• Chifuwa: Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu. Chifuwa nthawi zina chingayambitse ziphuphu zachikasu, zobiriwira, zofiirira, kapena zamagazi. Nthawi zina chimayamba ngati chifuwa chouma.
• Malungo: Mungathe kukhala ndi malungo, omwe amatha kufika madigiri Celsius 38 (madigiri Fahrenheit 100.4) kapena kupitirira apo.
• Kuvuta kupuma: Kuvuta kupuma mukatopa pang'ono, kapena mukumva kupuma movutikira kapena kupuma mofulumira ngakhale mutangoyima.
• Kupweteka pachifuwa: Mungamve kupweteka kwambiri mbali imodzi kapena pakati pa chifuwa chanu mukapuma kapena kutsokomola. Kupweteka kumeneku kungakule kwambiri mukapuma mpweya wozama.
• Kutopa: Kumva kutopa komanso kusatha kuchita chilichonse.
• Kusanza, kusanza, kapena kutsegula m'mimba: Anthu ena amathanso kukumana ndi zizindikiro izi, makamaka ana aang'ono.
• Kusokonezeka kapena kusintha kwa chidziwitso: Ichi ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimapezeka kwambiri pakati pa okalamba (opitirira zaka 65). Angasokonezeke pang'ono, monga kutaya chidziwitso cha malo ndi nthawi.
• Kutuluka thukuta komanso kumva kuzizira.
• Kusowa chilakolako.
• Kupweteka mutu (kupsinjika maganizo) ndi kupweteka kwa minofu.

Chofunika: Kuwonjezera pa malungo ndi chifuwa, mwana amene ali ndi chibayo angasonyezenso zizindikiro monga kutulutsa chifuwa, kupuma mofulumira, kukana kuyamwitsa, kugona, kusanza, ndi kutupa m'mimba. Chifukwa chake, ngati muwona chimodzi mwa zizindikirozi mwa mwana , muyenera kuwona dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi kapena zingapo, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala m'malo mongoganiza kuti ndi chimfine basi.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga chibayo?

Ngakhale kuti aliyense akhoza kudwala chibayo, anthu ena ali ndi mwayi waukulu wochitenga, kutanthauza kuti ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu .

• Makanda osakwana zaka ziwiri: Chifukwa chitetezo chawo cha mthupi sichinakule bwino.
• Anthu opitirira zaka 65: Chifukwa chitetezo cha mthupi chimafooka ndi ukalamba ndipo matenda ena osatha amatha kuchitika.
• Osuta: Kusuta kumawononga chitetezo cha m'mapapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azidwala mosavuta majeremusi.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena a m'mapapo: Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda monga mphumu, matenda osatha oletsa kupuma (COPD), ndi cystic fibrosis.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka: Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV/AIDS, anthu omwe akumwa mankhwala a khansa (monga chemotherapy, radiotherapy), omwe amalandira ziwalo zina, komanso anthu omwe akumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi kwa nthawi yayitali, monga ma steroids, ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zolimbana ndi matenda.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osatha monga matenda a shuga, matenda a mtima, ndi matenda a impso.
• Anthu omwe angochitidwa opaleshoni yayikulu posachedwapa kapena omwe akulandira chithandizo kuchipatala, makamaka omwe alumikizidwa ndi makina opumira mpweya.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lomeza (dysphagia), mwachitsanzo chifukwa cha sitiroko, matenda a Parkinson.

Ngati muli m'gulu ili, ndi bwino kudziwa bwino zizindikiro za chibayo, komanso kuganizira njira zopewera chibayo.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji chibayo?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, iye adzakuyesani mayeso angapo kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi chibayo.

• Mudzafunsidwa za mbiri yanu ya matenda: Kodi zizindikiro zanu ndi ziti, mwakhala nazo kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji, kodi muli ndi matenda ena aliwonse, kodi mumasuta fodya, mwayendapo posachedwapa, ndipo kodi pali wina aliyense amene akudwala m'nyumba mwanu?
• Kuwunika Thupi: Dokotala adzamvetsera chifuwa chanu pogwiritsa ntchito stethoscope, kufunafuna mawu osazolowereka (monga kusweka kwa mpweya ndi rhonchi) m'mapapu anu. Adzafufuzanso malungo, kupuma movutikira, komanso kugunda kwa mtima.
• X-ray ya pachifuwa: Iyi ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri yoyesera chibayo. X-ray imatha kuwonetsa bwino madera omwe ali ndi matenda (monga mawanga oyera) m'mapapo.
• Mayeso a magazi:Kuchuluka kwa magazi (FBC) kungasonyeze ngati pali matenda (kuwonjezeka kwa maselo oyera a magazi) komanso kuopsa kwake. Kuyesa kotchedwa C-Reactive Protein (CRP) kungaperekenso lingaliro la kuopsa kwa matendawa. Nthawi zina kuyezetsa magazi kungachitikenso, makamaka ngati matendawa ndi oopsa.
• Kukula kwa makoswe ndi banga la Gram: Ngati muli ndi makoswe, mayesowa atha kuchitidwa kuti mutenge chitsanzo cha makoswewo ndikupeza kachilombo komwe kali mkati mwake. Izi zipangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupereka mankhwala oyenera a kachilomboko.
• Pulse Oximetry: Chipangizo chaching'ono chonga clip chimamangiriridwa ku chala chanu kuti muyese kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi anu. Izi zitha kukhala zochepa mu chibayo (nthawi zambiri ziyenera kukhala zoposa 95%).

Nthawi zina zoopsa kwambiri, mayeso apadera angafunike, monga CT scan (ya pachifuwa), pleural fluid culture, kapena bronchoscopy. Koma nthawi zambiri, chibayo chingathe kupezeka ndi mayeso omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa.

Kodi mankhwala a chibayo ndi otani?

Chithandizo cha chibayo chimadalira zinthu monga chomwe chimayambitsa (mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi), zaka zanu, thanzi lanu lonse, komanso kuopsa kwa zizindikiro zanu.

• Pa chibayo cha bakiteriya: Dokotala wanu nthawi zambiri amakulemberani mankhwala opha majeremusi . Ndikofunikira kumwa mankhwala awa monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera, kwa nthawi yonse ya chithandizo chanu. Musasiye kuwamwa chifukwa choti mukumva bwino. Kuchita zimenezi kungayambitse matenda anu kukulirakulira kapena kuyambitsa kusamvana ndi majeremusi.
• Pa chibayo cha mavairasi: Maantibayotiki sagwira ntchito polimbana ndi mavairasi. Pa chibayo china cha mavairasi (monga chomwe chimayamba chifukwa cha chimfine), mankhwala oletsa mavairasi amatha kuperekedwa mkati mwa maola 48 oyamba a matendawa. Komabe, chibayo cha mavairasi ambiri chimatha chokha mkati mwa masiku kapena milungu ingapo. Ndikofunikira kupuma mokwanira ndi kumwa madzi (madzi, supu, madzi a zipatso) panthawiyi.
• Pa chibayo cha bowa: Mankhwala oletsa bowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi.

Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala amaperekedwanso kuti achepetse zizindikiro:

• Chepetsani kutentha thupi, chepetsani ululu: chinthu chonga paracetamol.
• Mankhwala a chifuwa: Nthawi zina madokotala sapereka mankhwala oletsa chifuwa chifukwa kutsokomola ndi njira yachibadwa yochotsera ntchofu m'mapapo. Ngati ntchofu ili yambiri, angakupatseni mankhwala ochotsa ntchofu kuti achepetse pang'ono.

Kunyumba? Kuchipatala?

Anthu ambiri amatha kuchira chibayo kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito chithandizo. Komabe, ngati vuto lanu ndi lalikulu, monga kupuma movutikira, mpweya wochepa m'magazi (osakwana 92% pa pulse oximeter), munthu wokalamba (wazaka zopitilira 65), munthu amene ali ndi matenda ena akuluakulu, kapena mwana wamng'ono (makamaka wosakwana miyezi 6), dokotala wanu angasankhe kukugonetsani kuchipatala. Mu chipatala, mungapatsidwe maantibayotiki a m'mitsempha, mankhwala a okosijeni, madzi amchere ngati pakufunika kutero, ndi mankhwala ena ofunikira.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi kumvera zomwe dokotala akunena ndikupeza chithandizo choyenera. Ngati mutenga mankhwala oyenera ndikupuma mokwanira, mudzayamba kumva bwino pakatha masiku ochepa. Koma zingatenge milungu ingapo kuti muchire bwino.

Njira zopewera chibayo

Pali mwambi wakuti, “Ndi bwino kukhala otetezeka kusiyana ndi chisoni mutadwala.” Tiyeni tione zomwe tingachite kuti tipewe chibayo.

• Pezani Katemera: Pali katemera woteteza mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi ena omwe amayambitsa chibayo.
• Katemera wa pneumococcal: Katemerayu amateteza ku mabakiteriya otchedwa Streptococcus pneumoniae. Amalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 65, ana osakwana zaka ziwiri, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake osatha.
• Katemera wa fuluwenza (katemera wa fuluwenza): Kulandira katemerayu chaka chilichonse kungateteze fuluwenza komanso kungateteze ku chibayo chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi fuluwenza.
• Pezani katemera wina wa ana (monga katemera wa Hib ndi katemera wa chikuku) pa nthawi yake.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za katemerayu ndikupeza katemera woyenera kwa inu.

• Tsatirani njira zabwino zaukhondo:
• Sambani m'manja mwanu pafupipafupi ndi sopo ndi madzi (kwa masekondi osachepera 20), makamaka musanadye, mutapita kuchimbudzi, mutadwala, komanso mutatuluka panja. Gwiritsani ntchito sopo kapena sanitizer yokhala ndi mowa.
• Phimbani pakamwa panu ndi mphuno yanu ndi pepala kapena chigongono chanu mukamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula. Tayani mapepala ogwiritsidwa ntchito mu zinyalala nthawi yomweyo.
• Yesetsani kupewa anthu odwala. Ngati mukudwala, khalani panyumba kuti musafalitse matendawa kwa ena.
• Pewani kusuta: Ngati ndinu wosuta fodya, yesani kusiya. Pewani kupuma utsi mukakhala pafupi ndi anthu ena omwe amasuta (kusuta fodya). Kusuta kumawononga chitetezo chachilengedwe cha mapapo.
• Sungani chitetezo chanu chamthupi chili cholimba: Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi (masamba, zipatso, ndi tirigu wonse), gonani mokwanira (maola 7-8 patsiku), ndipo chita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Zinthu zimenezi zidzawonjezera mphamvu ya thupi lanu yolimbana ndi matenda.
• Thandizani matenda osatha: Ngati muli ndi matenda monga matenda a shuga, matenda a mtima, kapena mphumu, tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu kuti muwathetse bwino.

Zinthu zazing'ono izi zingapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu, eti?

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi, kupatula chimfine kapena malungo omwe satha pakatha masiku ochepa, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.

• Ngati mukuvutika kupuma kwambiri , kapena ngati chifuwa chanu chikupweteka mukapuma.
• Ngati muli ndi ululu waukulu pachifuwa .
• Ngati malungo sakuchepa kwa masiku opitilira atatu , kapena ngati malungo apitirira madigiri 39 Celsius (102 Fahrenheit).
• Ngati mutsokomola magazi .
• Ngati milomo yanu kapena zikhadabo zanu zasanduka buluu (ichi ndi vuto lotchedwa cyanosis, chizindikiro chakuti magazi anu sakupeza mpweya wokwanira).
• Ngati pali chisokonezo kapena kusintha kwa chidziwitso (makamaka kwa okalamba).
• Ngati zikuoneka ngati zikuipiraipira kuposa kale , kapena ngati zikuoneka ngati zikuipiraipira kwambiri kuposa chimfine wamba.
• Ngati mumasanza pafupipafupi ndipo simungathe kuletsa chilichonse.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro ngati izi, makamaka kwa mwana wamng'ono (makamaka mwana wosakwana miyezi iwiri), munthu wokalamba, kapena munthu amene ali ndi matenda ena osatha, ndi bwino kupita nawo kwa dokotala mwamsanga. Nthawi zina kuyamba chithandizo msanga kungapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu.

Pomaliza, kumbukirani izi:

Chabwino, lero takambirana zambiri za chibayo, sichoncho? Kumbukirani, chibayo ndi matenda a m'mapapo. Chingayambitsidwe ndi majeremusi monga mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi. Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi chifuwa, malungo, ndi kupuma movutikira.

Chofunika kwambiri:

* Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi zizindikiro za chibayo, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Musadzipatse mankhwala.

* Imwani mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani, makamaka maantibayotiki, omwe akugwirizana ndi nthawi yomwe mwapatsidwa komanso mlingo womwe mwapatsidwa. Musasiye kuwamwa chifukwa choti mwamva bwino.

* Chibayo chingapewedwe kwambiri mwa kulandira katemera, kuchita zinthu zaukhondo (makamaka kusamba m'manja), komanso kupewa kusuta fodya.

* Pumulani mokwanira, idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi, ndipo pitirizani kukhala ndi madzi okwanira m'thupi.

Chibayo si chinthu choopa, koma sichinthu chonyalanyazidwa. Ngati mutalandira chithandizo choyenera, mutha kuchira mwachangu. Ndikufunirani inu ndi banja lanu thanzi labwino!

Chibayo , matenda a m'mapapo, chifuwa, malungo, kupuma movutikira, maantibayotiki, mapapo, X-ray, mabakiteriya, kachilombo