Kodi muli ndi matenda a mtima omwe amakhudza kapangidwe kake? (Matenda a Mtima Okhudza Kapangidwe kake) - Tiyeni tikambirane izi mosavuta!

Kodi nthawi zina mumamva kupsinjika pang'ono pachifuwa panu, kuvutika kupuma, kapena kutopa chabe? Kumbuyo kwa zinthu izi, pakhoza kukhala kusintha kapena kufooka mu kapangidwe ka mtima, kutanthauza mawonekedwe a mtima, makoma, ma valve, kapena minofu. Lero tikulankhula za mavuto ena mu kapangidwe ka mtima, omwe madokotala amatcha `(Structural Heart Disease)`. Ichi chingakhale chinthu chomwe chimabadwa nacho, kapena chingakule pambuyo pa ukalamba. Ngati sichinachiritsidwe bwino, mavuto ena azaumoyo angabukenso pakapita nthawi.

Ndiye kodi matenda a mtima amenewa ndi otani?

Mwachidule, `(Matenda a Mtima)` amatanthauza kuti pali vuto linalake m'kapangidwe ka mtima wanu, kutanthauza mawonekedwe a mtima, makoma ake, zipinda, ma valve, kapena minofu ya mtima. Iyi ndi nkhani yayikulu kwambiri. Tangoganizirani, ngati makoma, zitseko, ndi mawindo a nyumba yathu sizili bwino, nyumbayo sigwira ntchito bwino. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi mtima.

Kodi mitundu iyi ya matenda a mtima ndi iti?

Tikhoza kugawa zinthuzi m'magulu atatu akuluakulu. Taganizirani izi, mtima wathu ndi chiwalo chodabwitsa. Uli ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zonse ziyenera kugwira ntchito bwino.

• Matenda a valavu ya mtima: Kodi mukudziwa kuti mtima wathu uli ndi mavalavu anayi? Izi zili ngati zitseko zomwe zimalamulira kuyenda kwa magazi - zimangolola magazi kuyenda mbali imodzi. Chifukwa chake, ngati pali vuto ndi mavalavu awa, mwachitsanzo, valavu yomwe simatseguka bwino (stenosis) kapena valavu yomwe simatseka bwino (valvu yobwerera m'mbuyo), imatchedwa matenda a valavu ya mtima.
• Matenda a mtima: Izi zimachitika pamene minofu ya mtima imafooka, imakhuthala, kapena imakula. Izi zikachitika, mtima sungapope magazi bwino. Taganizirani ngati pampu yamadzi yomwe ikulephera kupopa madzi.
• Matenda a mtima obadwa nawo: Awa ndi matenda a mtima omwe amapezeka pobadwa. Ana ena amabadwa ndi dzenje mumtima kapena vuto la valavu. Matendawa amatchedwa matenda a mtima obadwa nawo.

Ndani angadwale matenda a mtima awa?

Ndipotu, vuto limeneli lotchedwa "Structural Heart Disease" lingayambire munthu aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za jenda, mtundu, kapena zaka. Komabe, zinthu zina zingawonjezere chiopsezo.

• Mbiri ya banja: Ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi matenda a mtima amtunduwu, inunso mungakhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa.
• Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mayi panthawi ya mimba: Nthawi zina, zinthu zina zomwe zimachitikira mayi ali m'mimba zingayambitse matenda a mtima obadwa nawo mwa mwana. Mwachitsanzo:
• Kukumana ndi zinthu monga mankhwala osungunulira zinthu m'mafakitale panthawi ya mimba.
• Mayi amadwala matenda ngati ``Rubella`` m'miyezi itatu yoyambirira ya mimba.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena popanda upangiri wa dokotala, kumwa mowa.
• Kupezeka kwa matenda ena a mavairasi.
• Ukalamba: Pamene tikukalamba, calcium imatha kusonkhana m'malo monga ma valve a mtima. Izi zingayambitsenso matenda a mtima. Ndipotu, anthu opitilira 10% azaka zopitilira 75 ali ndi mtundu wina wa "Matenda a Mtima Opangidwa".

Kodi matenda amenewa ndi ofala bwanji?

Matenda a valavu ya mtima ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri mwa matenda amenewa. Ku United States kokha, pafupifupi 2.5% ya anthu ali ndi vutoli. Likhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha stenosis kapena valvular regurgitation. Mitral valve regurgitation ndi aortic valve stenosis ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri.

Matenda a mtima obadwa nawo ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri ku United States. Pafupifupi 1% ya makanda obadwa chaka chilichonse, kapena pafupifupi makanda 40,000, ali ndi vutoli.

Matenda a mtima (cardiomyopathy) amakhudza munthu m'modzi pa anthu 500 ku United States. Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa izi, kuphatikizapo matenda a mitsempha ya mtima, zotsatira za matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi, zinthu zachilengedwe monga mowa, ndi majini.

Kodi matenda a mtima amakhudza bwanji thupi langa?

Taganizirani izi ngati injini ya thupi lathu. Imapopa magazi m'thupi lonse. Ndi magazi omwe maselo athu amalandira mpweya ndi zakudya zomwe amafunikira, ndipo magazi amachotsanso zinyalala m'maselo. Chifukwa chake, ngati mtima sungapope magazi moyenera chifukwa cha vuto la kapangidwe kake, ziwalo zina ndi minofu m'thupi lathu sizilandira magazi okwanira. Izi zitha kuwononga ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, ndipo mavuto ena azaumoyo ndi zizindikiro zingabuke.

Kodi zimayambitsa matenda a mtima amenewa ndi chiyani?

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo za izi.

• Kubadwa Nawo: Nthawi zina, kusintha kwina m'majini a thupi lathu (DNA kapena majini) kungayambitse matenda pakukula kwa mtima.
• Zifukwa zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pake:
• Ukalamba: Izi zingayambitse calcium mu ma valve a mtima.
• Kumwa mowa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Aneurysm ya mtsempha wamagazi.
• Matenda a autoimmune, mwachitsanzo, lupus ndi rheumatic fever.
• Matenda a mtima kapena matenda a mtima (Myocardial infarction).
• Matenda omwe amawononga mtima, zitsanzo: `(Amyloidosis)`, `(Hemochromatosis)`, `(Sarcoidosis)`.
• Matenda a mkati mwa mtima (endocarditis).
• Matenda a Endocrine gland, zitsanzo: Matenda a shuga ndi matenda a chithokomiro.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi (BP).
• Kukhudzidwa ndi kuwala kochuluka.
• Matenda a majini monga `Marfan syndrome`.
• Matenda okhudzana ndi minofu monga muscular dystrophy.
• Kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'mitsempha yamagazi (atherosclerosis).

Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ziti?

N'zodabwitsa kuti anthu ena omwe ali ndi "Structural Heart Disease" sangakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Komabe, pamene matendawa akupitirira, mungaone zizindikiro monga:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa, kupsinjika, kapena kupanikizika.
• Chizungulire, mutu wopepuka, kapena kukomoka (Syncope).
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri (Kutopa).
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi (BP).
• Kusakhazikika kwa mtima (Arrhythmia).
• Kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa impso.
• Kuvuta kupuma (Dyspnea).
• Kutupa kwa mimba, akakolo, kapena mapazi (Edema).

Chofunika: Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Izi zitha kuchitikanso ndi matenda ena, choncho ndikofunikira kupeza chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli.

Kodi matendawa amapezeka bwanji ?

Pa nthawi ya mimba, madokotala amatha kuwona ngati pali vuto lililonse mumtima wa mwana pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso otchedwa ``fetal echocardiogram.'' Iyi ndi mayeso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a phokoso kujambula zithunzi za mtima wa mwana.

Kwa ana ndi akuluakulu, dokotala wanu akamamvetsera mtima wanu pogwiritsa ntchito stethoscope, angamve phokoso la mtima losazolowereka (kung'ung'udza kwa mtima). Ngati izi zitachitika, dokotala wanu adzakutumizani kwa dokotala wa mtima. Akhoza kuchita mayeso monga awa:

• Kutsegula mtima pogwiritsa ntchito catheter: Mu njira imeneyi, chubu chaching'ono chimalowetsedwa mumtima kudzera mu mtsempha wa m'mimba kapena m'dzanja kuti ayesere kuthamanga kwa magazi m'zipinda za mtima. Ikhozanso kujambula zithunzi zomveka bwino za mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi.
• Coronary angiogram: Izi zimachitikanso nthawi imodzi ndi catheterization ya mtima. Utoto wapadera umalowetsedwa m'mitsempha yamagazi ndipo X-ray imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwona momwe magazi amayendera kudzera mumtima, m'mitsempha, ndi m'ma valve.
• Echocardiogram (Echo): Iyi ndi njira yoyezera yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a phokoso kupanga zithunzi za zipinda ndi ma valve a mtima. Ingasonyeze momwe mtima ukupopera magazi.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG kapena EKG): Iyi imayesa momwe magetsi a mtima amagwirira ntchito. Mwina munawonapo mayesowo poika zomata pachifuwa panu.
• Mayeso oyeserera kupsinjika: Mu mayesowa, mukupemphedwa kuthamanga kapena kuyenda pa treadmill ndipo kugunda kwa mtima wanu kumayesedwa.
• Chowunikira cha Holter: Ichi ndi chipangizo chaching'ono chomwe chimavalidwa m'thupi lanu kwa maola 24 mpaka 48 ndipo chimalemba momwe mtima wanu umagwirira ntchito pamene mukuchita ntchito zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku.
• Mayeso ena ojambulira: Mayeso monga X-ray ya pachifuwa, CT scan, kapena MRI ya mtima amatha kuzindikira mavuto a kapangidwe ka thupi mkati mwa pachifuwa.

Mwa izi, mayeso awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikira Matenda a Mtima ndi ECG ndi Echocardiogram.

Kodi matendawa amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Mitundu ina ya `(Matenda a Mtima Opangidwa)` singafunike chithandizo chapadera. Komabe, muyenera kupitiriza kuyang'anira matenda anu motsogozedwa ndi dokotala.

Kwa matenda ena, dokotala angakulimbikitseni njira zina zochiritsira monga:

• Mankhwala: Mankhwala angaperekedwe kuti achepetse zizindikiro, athandize mtima kugwira ntchito bwino, kapena aletse magazi kuundana.
• Njira zochepetsera kufalikira kwa mtima: Izi zimaphatikizapo kulowetsa zida kudzera m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono, popanda kudula kwakukulu, kuti akonze valavu yolakwika kapena kuisintha ndi yatsopano.
• Opaleshoni ya mtima wotseguka: Pa izi, dokotalayo amatsegula chifuwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mtima kuti achite zinthu monga kusintha ma valavu, kapena nthawi zina kusintha mtima.

Kodi ndingachepetse bwanji chiopsezo changa chotenga matendawa?

Ngati muli ndi pakati, mungachite izi kuti muchepetse chiopsezo choti mwana wanu adwale matenda a mtima obadwa nawo:

• Ngati muli ndi matenda osatha monga matenda a shuga kapena matenda monga khunyu, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala omwe muyenera kumwa.
• Ngati mukusuta, siyani. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi fodya.
• Siyani kumwa mowa.
• Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti musangalale, siyani kuwagwiritsa ntchito kotheratu.
• Imwani ma microgram 400 a folate (folic acid) tsiku lililonse (ndi bwino kumwa izi musanayambe kutenga mimba).

Tsatirani njira izi zodzitetezera ku matenda a mtima ndi mitundu ina ya matenda a minofu ya mtima (cardiomyopathy):

• Sungani kulemera koyenera kwa thupi.
• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi la mtima (mulibe mafuta ambiri, mchere wambiri, ndi shuga wambiri, komanso musakhale ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zambiri).
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.
• Chepetsani kumwa mowa ndipo musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti musangalale.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda ena monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a shuga, kapena matenda a chithokomiro, tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu ndipo muwachepetse.
• Chepetsani kupsinjika maganizo.

Ngati ndili ndi (Structural Heart Disease), kodi tsogolo langa lidzakhala lotani?

Izi zimadalira zinthu zingapo:

• Kodi mwakhala ndi vutoli kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?
• Kuopsa kwa matendawa.
• Kodi muli ndi mtundu wanji wa "Matenda a Mtima Opangidwa ndi Kapangidwe"?
• Mavuto ena azaumoyo omwe muli nawo.

Koma musadandaule! Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi Matenda a Mtima Okhazikika amakhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wosangalala. Komabe, mungakhale pachiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a mtima. Choncho lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kumwa mankhwala opha tizilombo kuti mupewe matenda mukamachita opaleshoni ya mano kapena opaleshoni ina. Izi zitha kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda monga endocarditis.

Ndili ndi (Structural Heart Disease), ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

Mukhoza kuchita zinthu izi kuti mtima wanu ukhale wathanzi komanso kuchepetsa mavuto:

• Uzani madokotala onse omwe akukuthandizani za vuto la mtima wanu ndi mankhwala omwe mukumwa.
• Ngati mukukonzekera kutenga mimba, lankhulani ndi madokotala anu pasadakhale. Angakuuzeni zoopsa zanu ndikukuthandizani kupeza njira yabwino yothetsera vuto lanu panthawi ya mimba.
• Pitani kwa dokotala wa mtima nthawi zonse kuti muwone momwe matenda anu alili. Musasiye kumwa mankhwala omwe mwapatsidwa kapena kuphonya nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala wanu.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Matenda a Mtima Opangidwa ndi Kapangidwe ka Thupi ndi vuto la kapangidwe ka mtima wanu, zomwe zikutanthauza mawonekedwe, makoma, ma valve, kapena minofu. Akhoza kukhalapo pobadwa kapena kukula mtsogolo. Mitundu ikuluikulu ndi matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima obadwa nawo, ndi matenda a valve ya mtima.

Mwina simungafunike chithandizo, kapena dokotala wanu angakulangizeni mankhwala kapena opaleshoni. Chofunika kwambiri ndikutsatira moyo wathanzi komanso kuonana ndi dokotala wa mtima nthawi zonse. Mukatero nanunso mutha kukhala ndi moyo wosangalala komanso wodzaza ndi moyo. Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena okhudza izi, musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu.

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