Mwina mwamvapo za "mankhwala a sulfa." Mwina dokotala wakupatsani kirimu kuti mupaka pakhungu lanu ndipo anati, "Uyu ndi mankhwala a sulfa." Kodi sulfonamides kwenikweni ndi chiyani? Kodi ndi maantibayotiki chabe? Ayi, nkhaniyi ndi yayitali kuposa pamenepo. Tiyeni tifike ku mfundo yaikulu ya izi lero.
Mwachidule, kodi ma sulfonamides awa ndi chiyani?
Ma sulfonamides ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amapangidwa mwa kupanga, ndiko kuti, m'ma laboratories. Samachitika mwachilengedwe. Mankhwala onse omwe ali mu gulu ili la mankhwala ali ndi chinthu chotchedwa "sulfur" mu kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa "sulfonamides."
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe izi zimagwirira ntchito. Makamaka akapatsidwa matenda a bakiteriya , zomwe mankhwalawa amachita ndikuletsa mabakiteriya kupanga chinthu chotchedwa " folate " chomwe amafunikira. Tikudziwanso kuti folate ndi vitamini B9 . Tangoganizani, michere iyi yotchedwa folate ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti mabakiteriya azikhala ndi moyo ndikufalikira. Chifukwa chake mankhwala a sulfonamide akalowa m'thupi, amapita ndikuletsa mabakiteriya kupanga folate iyi. Zili ngati kufa ndi njala popanda chakudya, mabakiteriya amafooka pang'onopang'ono ndikufa.
“Ndiye kodi palibe vuto pa matupi athu?” mungaganize choncho. Ayi. Chifukwa ife, ndiko kuti, anthu, timapeza folate yomwe matupi athu amafunikira kuchokera muzakudya zomwe timadya. Sitipanga folate mkati mwa matupi athu. Chifukwa chake mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri samakhudza maselo m'matupi athu mwanjira imeneyi.
Penicillin isanatulukidwe, m'zaka za m'ma 1930, ma sulfonamides anali amodzi mwa mankhwala abwino kwambiri omwe analipo pochiza matenda opatsirana ndi mabakiteriya. Panthawiyo , mankhwalawa anathandiza kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha imfa chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana ndi chiwerengero chachikulu. Koma masiku ano, sagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha pa matenda opatsirana ndi mabakiteriya. Mankhwala a m'gululi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda ena ambiri.
Kodi ma sulfonamides amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda otani?
Kale, ankagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza ndi kupewa matenda a bakiteriya. Koma masiku ano, mankhwala amtunduwu asintha kwambiri. Ma sulfonamides amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri, kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a HIV, ndi melanoma, mtundu wa khansa ya pakhungu.
Tiyeni tiwone mankhwala ena omwe ali m'gululi komanso matenda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti tipeze mosavuta, tidzawagawa m'magawo awiri.
1. Sulfonamides amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maantibayotiki
Mankhwala amenewa makamaka amaperekedwa pochiza matenda a bakiteriya.
| Mitundu ya maantibayotiki: sulfonamides |
|---|
| Mafenide (Sulfamylon®) |
| Sulfadiazene (Silvadene® kapena Thermazene®) – (yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa kutentha) |
| Sulfamethizole |
| Sulfisoxazole |
| Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine®) – (Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa matenda a zilonda zam'mimba) |
| Sulfadoxine – (yogwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza malungo) |
2. Ma sulfonamides osagwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki
Izi si mankhwala opha mabakiteriya. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ena ambiri. Mndandanda uwu ndi wautali pang'ono, koma umakupatsani lingaliro la kukula kwa mankhwala amtunduwu.
| Dzina la Mankhwala | Ntchito |
|---|---|
| Acetohexamide, Chlorpropamide, Tolazamide, Tolbutamide | Matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri |
| Furosemide (Lasix®), Bumetanide, Torsemide, Chlorthalidone, Hydrochlorothiazide, Indapamide | Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya magazi (diuretics) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kutupa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kulephera kwa mtima. |
| Celecoxib (Celebrex®) | Kupweteka kwa mafupa ndi kutupa monga nyamakazi. |
| Darunavir (Prezista®) | Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV. |
| Sumatriptan (Imitrex®) | Kwa mutu wa mutu wa migraine. |
| Sildenafil (Viagra®, Revatio®) | Kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa erectile ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo. |
| Tamsulosin (Flomax®) | Pa vuto la mkodzo lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi kukula kwa prostate gland (benign prostatic hyperplasia). |
| Zonisamide (Zonegran®) | Matenda a khunyu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha khunyu. |
Kodi ndizotheka kukhala ndi vuto la sulfonamides?
Inde, mungathe. Mwina mwamvapo anthu akunena kuti, "Ndili ndi vuto la mankhwala a sulfa." Pakati pa 3% ndi 8% ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi vuto la mtundu wina wa mankhwala a sulfa. Koma izi ndi zofanana ndi vuto la penicillin.
Chofunika ndi ichi: kungoti munali ndi vuto la mankhwala amodzi a sulfonamide sizitanthauza kuti muli ndi vuto la mankhwala ena onse m'gulu lino. Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe madokotala amavomereza tsopano.
Choncho, ngati munakhalapo ndi vuto la sulfonamide, onetsetsani kuti mwadziwitsa dokotala wanu musanayambe kumwa mankhwala atsopano. Iye adzatha kukupatsani mankhwala ena oyenera.
Kodi kuipa kwa mtundu uwu wa mankhwala ndi kotani?
Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, ma sulfonamides amatha kukhala ndi zovuta zina komanso zotsatirapo zake. Zofunikira kwambiri ndi izi:
- Kukana kwa bakiteriya: Mukagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwewo kwa nthawi yayitali, mabakiteriya ena amakhala osamva mankhwalawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mankhwalawa sagwiranso ntchito pa mabakiteriya amenewo. Izi zitha kuchitikanso ndi ma sulfonamides.
- Kutaya mphamvu pa mabakiteriya ena: Mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya imakhala yolimba mwachibadwa ku mankhwala awa.
- Zotsatirapo zoyipa: Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri , koma anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa pakhungu monga matenda a Stevens-Johnson ndi toxic epidermal necrolysis .
Zotsatirapo zake zimatha kusiyana kwambiri malinga ndi munthu ndi munthu komanso kuchokera ku mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, dokotala wanu ndiye gwero labwino kwambiri la chidziwitso chokhudza mankhwala omwe mwapatsidwa, ubwino wake ndi zoopsa zake. Mufunseni za izi.
Kodi Bactrim™ ndi sulfonamide?
Inde, mbali ina. Bactrim™ ili ndi sulfamethizole, mtundu wa sulfonamide. Kuphatikiza apo, ilinso ndi mankhwala ena otchedwa trimethoprim. Zonsezi zimagwira ntchito limodzi.
Kodi Celebrex® ndi sulfonamide?
Inde. Celecoxib (yomwe nthawi zambiri imadziwika ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la Celebrex®), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ululu wa nyamakazi, ndi sulfonamide.
Kodi mankhwalawa angayambitse makhiristo kupanga mu mkodzo?
Inde, mankhwala ena a sulfa angayambitse makhiristo kupanga mu mkodzo. Komabe, izi si zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri. Dokotala wanu adzakulangizani ngati mankhwala omwe mukumwa ndi omwe angayambitse izi komanso zomwe mungachite kuti mupewe izi (mwachitsanzo, imwani madzi ambiri).
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Ma sulfonamides si maantibayotiki okha, koma ndi gulu lalikulu la mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana.
- Mankhwala amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda ambiri, kuyambira matenda a bakiteriya mpaka matenda a shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi mutu waching'alang'ala.
- Ziwengo zimatha kuchitika ndi mankhwala a sulfa. Komabe, kukhala ndi ziwengo ndi mtundu wina sizitanthauza kuti mudzakhala ndi ziwengo ndi mankhwala onse a mtundu umenewo.
- Musanayambe mankhwala atsopano, onetsetsani kuti mwauza dokotala wanu za matenda ena aliwonse omwe muli nawo komanso ziwengo zilizonse zomwe munali nazo kale pa mankhwala.
Sulfonamides, mankhwala a sulfa, sulfonamides, maantibayotiki, ziwengo za mankhwala, matenda a Stevens-Johnson, Bactrim, Celebrex, Lasix
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