Tiyeni tidziwe bwino lomwe kuti kachilombo koopsa kameneka kotchedwa "Superbug" ndi chiyani?

Mwina mwamvapo wina akulankhula za "ma superbugs" awa m'nyuzipepala, pa TV, kapena pamasom'pamaso? Mukamva dzinali, limakuchititsani mantha pang'ono, sichoncho? Kodi "superbug" imatanthauza chiyani? Kodi izi ndizoopsadi? Lero, tikambirana izi mwatsatanetsatane, mwachidule, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi "superbug" ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Mwachidule, "superbug" ndi mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe sitingathe kuchiza matenda, makamaka maantibayotiki, ndipo sitingathe kuwononga mosavuta. Tizilomboti timatchedwanso "tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe sitingathe kuchiza matenda ambiri," kutanthauza kuti sitingathe kuchiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala.

Tangoganizirani, muli ndi kachilombo ka bakiteriya ndipo dokotala akukupatsani mankhwala. Kawirikawiri, mankhwalawo amapha mabakiteriya. Koma, ngati iyi ndi mtundu wa "superbug", "yasintha" kuti ikhale ya mankhwalawo. Kotero ngakhale mutapereka kwa iwo, sadzafa. Pamenepo ndi pomwe vuto limayamba. Zili ngati tikapita kunkhondo, mdani amakhala wokonzeka pasadakhale zida zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito.

"Superbugs" zimenezi zimapezeka kwambiri m'mabakiteriya . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, nthawi zambiri ndi mabakiteriya omwe asintha kukhala osagwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maantibayotiki. Komabe, bowa wina amathanso kukhala "superbugs" omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala opha mabakiteriya.

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo chifukwa chake madokotala nthawi zonse amanena kuti, "Imwani maantibayotiki monga momwe mwalangizidwira, kwa nthawi yoyenera," ndi "Musamwe maantibayotiki pamene simukuwafuna"? Chifukwa chachikulu cha zimenezi ndikuletsa kukula kwa "matenda oopsa" amenewa.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikakumana ndi maantibayotiki mobwerezabwereza, timapeza njira zatsopano zopewera matendawa. Zili ngati mbala yomwe ikuyembekezera kutibisalira tsiku lililonse pamene tikuyenda mumsewu womwewo. Chifukwa chake, ngati "kachilombo koopsa" komwe sikumalandira mankhwala ambiri kalowa m'thupi lathu, kakhoza kukhala koopsa, komanso kosachiritsika.

Kodi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya "superbugs" ndi iti?

Ngakhale mabakiteriya aliwonse amatha kukhala ndi kukana maantibayotiki, mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya nthawi zambiri imakhala "superbugs." Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:

• `Staphylococcus aureus` (monga MRSA – Staphylococcus aureus yosagonjetsedwa ndi methicillin)
• Ma Enterobacteriale Osagonjetsedwa ndi Carbapenem ( CREs ) ndi ma Enterobacteriale ena osagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala. Izi zikuphatikizapo mabakiteriya monga Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, Salmonella, ndi Shigella.
• `Neisseria gonorrhoeae` (mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa chinzonono)
• `Pseudomonas aeruginosa`
• `Acinetobacter baumannii`
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis (mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu )
• Streptococcus pneumoniae (mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matenda a pneumococcal)
• `Campylobacter`
• Mycoplasma genitalium ndi matenda a genitalium.
• Bordetella pertussis (mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa chifuwa chokoka)

Pakati pa matenda a bowa, Candida auris ndi Aspergillus fumigatus zitha kukhalanso "superbugs".

Koma kumbukirani izi: kungoti mwatenga kachilombo kamene kali pamndandandawu sizikutanthauza kuti mwayamba "kachilombo koopsa." Pali mitundu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imeneyi yomwe singachiritsidwe ndi mankhwala, komanso mitundu yakufa yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a "superbug" ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za matenda a "superbug" zimatha kusiyana kutengera komwe kachilombo kali m'thupi lanu. Zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Malungo
• Kuzizira
• Kutupa pakhungu, kapena khungu lofiira, losanduka mtundu, lopweteka, lotupa, kapena lodzaza ndi mafinya kapena madzi.
• Chifuwa
• Kupuma movutikira
• Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena m'mimba (m'mimba)
• Kutopa kwambiri kapena kugona tulo (`Lethargy`)
• Kupweteka kwa minofu kapena mafupa
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi kotsika
• Kuwonjezeka kwa kugunda kwa mtima (Tachycardia)
• Kutentha pang'ono kwa thupi (hypothermia)

Zizindikirozi sizingayambitsidwe ndi "superbugs" zokha komanso ndi matenda ena ambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngati muli ndi zizindikirozi, makamaka ngati sizikusintha mukalandira chithandizo, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi "ma superbugs" amenewa amayamba bwanji?

Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe "tizilombo toyambitsa matenda" timatha kukana mankhwala. Nthawi zina, ndi chinthu chomwe chimachitika mwachibadwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, zimasintha kukhala limodzi ndi zamoyo zina. Nthawi zina, mabakiteriya kapena bowa amapanga njira zodzitetezera kuti zisawononge maantibayotiki kapena mankhwala opha mabakiteriya.

Makamaka m'zipatala ndi m'malo ena azaumoyo, mabakiteriya amatha kukhala osagonja ku maantibayotiki omwe madokotala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito. "Ziphuphu zambiri" zimakula m'malo awa. Ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki moyenera, izi zingakhale zovuta kuzipewa.

Mabakiteriya amatha kupereka majini awo okana ('majini okana') kwa mabakiteriya ena omwe alipo kale. Izi zimatchedwa 'kutumiza majini opingasa'. Komanso, amatha kupulumuka maantibayotiki, kuberekana, ndikupatsa majini awo (pamodzi ndi kuthekera kokana) kwa ena.

Kodi "kachilombo koopsa" kamatiyambitsa bwanji?

Mungathe kupeza "superbug" m'njira izi:

• Mwa kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka kapena amene ali m'dzikolo. Anthu ena mwachibadwa amakhala ndi mabakiteriya kapena bowa "oopsa kwambiri" m'thupi lawo kapena mkati mwawo, koma sadwala. Izi zimatchedwa 'colonization.' Ngati muli ndi kachilomboka mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kupatsira ena, ndipo iwonso akhoza kudwala.
• Mwa kukhudza zinthu kapena malo omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
• Mwa kugawana zinthu zodetsedwa ndi ena. Mwachitsanzo, zofunda, zovala, zida zachipatala kapena zamasewera, matawulo, malezala, kapena ziwiya zodyera.
• Zipangizo zachipatala ndi zipangizo zachipatala zomwe zili ndi kachilombo m'thupi lanu (monga chingwe chapakati cha mitsempha kapena chubu chopumira).
• Kuchokera ku chakudya kapena madzi oipitsidwa ndi mkaka ndi zinthu zamkaka zosaphikidwa.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka "superbug"?

Mungakhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a "superbug" ngati:

• Ngati muli ndi mzere wapakati wa mitsempha, chubu chopumira, chubu chodyetsera, kapena chubu china kapena chipangizo china chomwe chayikidwa m'thupi lanu, izi zitha kulola "superbug" kulowa m'thupi lanu kuchokera kunja.
• Ngati mwakhala mukumwa maantibayotiki kwa nthawi yayitali kapena mukuwagwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, kukhala ndi maantibayotiki kwa nthawi yayitali kumawonjezera mwayi woti mabakiteriya akhale ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya. Zingathenso kupha mabakiteriya "abwino" (osavulaza) m'thupi lanu. Mabakiteriya "abwino" awa ndi omwe amaletsa mabakiteriya ena kukula mopitirira muyeso ndikuyambitsa matenda.
• Ngati muli ndi vuto linalake la thanzi lomwe limafooketsa chitetezo chanu cha mthupi, monga matenda a HIV, khansa ya m'magazi, kapena matenda a shuga, kapena ngati munasamutsidwapo chiwalo kapena kuikidwapo maselo oyambira, matenda amenewa amachititsa kuti thupi lanu likhale lovuta kulimbana ndi matenda.
• Ngati mwakhala m'chipatala kwa nthawi yayitali kapena m'chipatala cha nthawi yayitali, "ziphuphu zazikulu" zambiri zimapezeka m'malo azachipatala.

Kodi mavuto a "superbugs" ndi otani?

Ngati madokotala sangathe kuletsa matenda mwachangu, zingayambitse mavuto aakulu. Zitsanzo:

• Sepsis ndi septic shock (yankho lalikulu ku matenda omwe amayambitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuwonongeka kwa minofu, ndi kulephera kwa ziwalo).
• Kulephera kupuma.
• Kutayika kwa miyendo yodwala (kudulidwa ziwalo).

Izi ndi zoopsa kwambiri, sichoncho? Ndicho chifukwa chake tiyenera kuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi "superbugs."

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji "superbugs"?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda ndipo sizikuchira ndi chithandizo, dokotala wanu angaganize kuti muli ndi "superbug." Adzayang'ana mabakiteriya ndi bowa m'zitsanzo zamadzimadzi amthupi kapena minofu, kapena kuyesa kuwakulitsa. Zitsanzo izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Magazi
• Mkodzo
• Chopondapo
• Madzi kapena minofu yotengedwa pabala
• Phokoso (kutulutsa madzi m'mapapo chifukwa cha chifuwa - `Sputum`)

Ngati muli ndi zipangizo zachipatala zomwe zaikidwa m'thupi lanu, kapena ngati mwangopita kuchipatala posachedwapa, uzani dokotala wanu za zimenezo.

Kodi pali mankhwala ochizira "ma superbugs"?

Palibe mankhwala amodzi omwe angachiritse "ma superbugs." Ndicho chifukwa chake ndi owopsa kwambiri. Madokotala amachiritsa "ma superbugs" mwa kupeza mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa matendawa. Mungafunike mankhwala osiyanasiyana, monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maantibayotiki, kuti muthane ndi matendawa.

Kuphatikiza apo, madokotala amachiritsa matenda a pakhungu posamalira mabala otseguka. Izi zingaphatikizepo kutulutsa madzi pabala ndi kuchotsa minofu yodwalayo mwa opaleshoni. Angachotsenso zipangizo zachipatala zodwala, monga ziwalo zoberekera.

Matenda ena a bowa omwe sagonjetsedwa, monga Candida auris, amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala opha bowa otchedwa echinocandins.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mutapeza "superbug"?

Ngati mutadwala "superbug," mungafunike kuchiritsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe mumayembekezera kapena ndi mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala. Kwa anthu ena, matendawa akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Ngati muli ndi matenda oopsa kapena olowa m'malo, mudzalowetsedwa kuchipatala ndikulandira chithandizo kuti ogwira ntchito zachipatala azikuyang'anirani mosamala.

Ngati muli ndi matenda a pakhungu, dokotala wanu adzakuchizani zilonda zanu mwa kuchotsa madzi ochulukirapo m'mabala mwa opaleshoni. Angakupatseninso kirimu wa pakhungu kapena mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kodi mungapulumuke matenda a "superbug"?

Inde, anthu amachira matenda a "superbug". Komabe, m'matenda oopsa kapena matenda omwe amafalikira m'magazi, chiwerengero cha imfa chimakhala chachikulu - nthawi zina chimafika pa 50%. Choncho ichi si chinthu chopepuka.

Ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi chipangizo chamankhwala chomwe chaikidwa m'thupi lanu kapena ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chafooka, funsani dokotala wanu zizindikiro za matenda zomwe muyenera kuziyang'anira. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zokayikitsa, onani dokotala wanu ndi kuwauza za izo.

Ngakhale muli kuchipatala, ndikofunikira kulankhulana bwino ndi gulu lanu lachipatala. Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro za matenda, monga kupweteka, kugunda kwa mtima, kufooka, kapena kutentha thupi, auzeni.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Pangozi (ETU) liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa izi, pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga:

• Ngati malungo ali pamwamba pa madigiri Celsius 40 (103 Fahrenheit).
• Ululu waukulu.
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu.
• Kusokonezeka kapena kusokonezeka maganizo.
• Kutsika mwadzidzidzi kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi (zizindikiro: kufooka, chizungulire, kukomoka).

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Zingakhale zothandiza kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso monga awa:

• Kodi ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe ndili nazo?
• Kodi ndiyenera kumwa mankhwala anga bwanji?
• Kodi ndingayembekezere kuti ndidzachira liti?
• Kodi ndinatenga bwanji matendawa?
• Kodi ndingatani kuti ndipewe matenda amtunduwu mtsogolo?

Kodi "Superbugs" zingapewedwe?

Njira yabwino yopewera kukula kwa "superbugs" ndikugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kutero.

Pali malangizo omwe ogwira ntchito zachipatala ayenera kutsatira kuti apewe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha maantibayotiki mosayenera. Komabe, pali njira zina zomwe mungathandizire pa izi:

• Imwani mankhwala onse monga mwalembedwera. Ngati dokotala wakupatsani mankhwala opha maantibayotiki, imwani kwa nthawi yonse yomwe mwalembedwa, ngakhale mutakhala bwino. Musayime pakati.
• Musamwe mankhwala opha majeremusi pokhapokha ngati mukuwafuna. Matenda ambiri a chimfine ndi matenda ena opumira amayamba chifukwa cha mavairasi. Mankhwala opha majeremusi sachiza matendawa.

Kodi tingachepetse bwanji kufalikira kwa "superbugs"?

Ogwira ntchito zachipatala amatsatira malamulo achitetezo ndi ukhondo kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana omwe amapezeka kuchipatala (mwina "superbugs"). Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri.
• Kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pamalo.
• Kuonetsetsa kuti anthu akupatsidwa maantibayotiki pokhapokha ngati ali ndi matenda a bakiteriya.
• Kuyeretsa zida zachipatala.
• Kuika anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a "superbug" m'malo obisika kuti asafalikire kwa ena.

Ngakhale kuti "superbugs" ndizofala m'malo azachipatala, zimatha kufalikira m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu cha "superbugs" potsatira njira zomwezo zomwe timatsatira kuti tidziteteze ku matenda opatsirana ofala:

• Sungani mabala oyera komanso ophimbidwa.
• Musagwiritsenso ntchito singano (ngakhale zanu) zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobaya mankhwala kapena mankhwala osakhala achipatala.
• Tsukani zofunda, matawulo, ndi zovala pafupipafupi pa kutentha koyenera kwa madzi.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo popukuta malo omwe amakhudzidwa kawirikawiri monga ma switch a magetsi, zowongolera kutali, ndi zida zamasewera.
• Katemerani. Pali katemera woteteza mitundu yambiri ya mabakiteriya omwe ndi "superbugs" monga Bordetella pertussis (chifuwa chokoka) ndi Streptococcus pneumoniae (matenda a pneumococcal).
• Chitani zinthu zaukhondo. Izi zikuphatikizapo kusamba m'manja bwino, kuvala zovala zoyera komanso zouma, komanso kusagawana zinthu zanu ndi ena.
• Tsatirani njira zodzitetezera pakudya. Izi zikuphatikizapo kusunga chakudya moyenera, kuphika nyama ndi nsomba kutentha komwe kumapha mabakiteriya, komanso kutsuka kapena kugwetsa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba musanadye.
• Gwiritsani ntchito kondomu kapena dam la mano nthawi iliyonse yogonana.
• Funsani dokotala wanu nthawi yomwe muyenera kusunga zipangizo zachipatala (monga ma catheter) pamalo pake, komanso momwe mungapewere matenda pamene chipangizocho chili pamalo ake.

Kodi "superbugs" ndi yofala bwanji?

Ku United States kokha, anthu pafupifupi 3 miliyoni amadwala matenda a mabakiteriya omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki chaka chilichonse, ndipo anthu opitilira 35,000 amafa chifukwa cha matendawa. Chiwopsezochi chikukulirakuliranso ku Sri Lanka.

Kodi matenda ovuta kwambiri kuchiza ndi ati?

Mabakiteriya omwe ayamba kukana mankhwala ambiri ndi omwe amavutika kwambiri kuchiza. Matenda monga MRSA ndi CRE nthawi zambiri amakana mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda angapo. Chifukwa chake, kupeza mankhwala othandiza (kapena kuphatikiza mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi) kungakhale kovuta komanso kotenga nthawi.

Ngakhale kuti anthu sanapange mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, "tizilombo toyambitsa matenda" tidakalipo - ndi momwe timakhalira m'chilengedwe. Komabe, momwe timagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo, makamaka tikamawamwa mosafunikira, zikufulumizitsa kukula kwawo.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

"Superbug" ndi mtundu wa kachilombo komwe kangayambitse matenda oopsa, ovuta kuchiza, komanso omwe angawononge moyo. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a bakiteriya kapena bowa, makamaka ngati mwangopita kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. Kulandira chithandizo mwachangu kungachepetse chiopsezo chanu chodwala kwambiri.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi ichi:

• Imwani maantibayotiki okha ngati dokotala wakupatsani.
• Ngati mukumwa maantibayotiki, imwani mlingo wovomerezeka kwa nthawi yomwe mwapatsidwa. Musayime pakati.
• Musapemphe maantibayotiki pa matenda opatsirana monga chimfine, sangathandize.
• Nthawi zonse sungani ukhondo wabwino, makamaka kusamba m'manja.

Kutsatira njira zosavuta izi kudzatiteteza tonse ku mdani wosalankhula uyu wotchedwa "superbug." Kuchita izi ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muteteze thanzi lanu komanso la anthu.

' superbug, kukana maantibayotiki, kukana mankhwala ambiri, matenda, maantibayotiki, mabakiteriya, bowa