Ngati mukuyembekezera mwana, n'zachibadwa kuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi chitetezo cha mwana wanu. Zoona zake n'zakuti, kukhudzana ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe panthawi ya mimba kungayambitse mavuto kwa mwana wanu amene akukula. Lero, tikufuna kukambirana za zinthu izi—zomwe zimadziwika kuti 'teratogens'.
Kodi Teratogens ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, teratogens ndi zinthu zomwe, ngati mutameza kapena kumeza panthawi ya mimba, zingayambitse matenda obadwa nawo (matenda obadwa nawo) m'mimba mwanu kapena m'mimba mwanu. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo mankhwala, mankhwala , matenda ena, kapena zinthu zoopsa . Kukhudzana ndi teratogens kungapangitse kuti pakhale chiopsezo chachikulu cha kutayika kwa mimba , kubadwa msanga, kapena kubereka mwana wakufa.
Kodi nchiyani chimatsimikiza kuopsa kwa teratogen?
Kuchuluka kwa chiopsezo chomwe chimabwera chifukwa cha teratogen kumadalira zinthu zingapo zofunika:
- Mtundu wa mankhwala, mankhwala, kapena poizoni. Si mankhwala onse omwe amakhudza mimba mofanana.
- Nthawi yomwe munthu adakumana ndi matendawa. Kodi adakumana ndi matendawa kwa kanthawi kochepa, kapena adakumana nawo kwa masiku kapena miyezi ingapo?
- Mlingo wa kukhudzana ndi mankhwalawa (mlingo). Kodi kuchuluka kwake kunali kochepa kapena kwakukulu?
- Zaka za mimba panthawi yomwe mwana wanu wakhudzidwa. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zimakula panthawi inayake ya kukula kwa mwana wanu.
- Zinthu zokhudza majini. Kapangidwe ka majini anu kapadera kangapangitse mwana wanu kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokumana ndi zoopsa zina.
Choncho, kupewa kutenga teratogens nthawi yonse ya mimba yanu ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yopitira patsogolo. Komabe, chonde dziwani kuti kuonekera pa nthawi yeniyeni komanso yovuta ya kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo kungakhale koopsa kwambiri.
Kodi zilema zobadwa nazo zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha teratogens zimakhala zofala bwanji?
Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti pafupifupi 4% mpaka 5% ya matenda onse obadwa nawo amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kukhudzana ndi teratogenic. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhudzana koteroko kwawonetsedwa kuti kumakhudza kukula kwa malingaliro ndi thupi la mwana. Iyi ndi nkhani yomwe ikuyenera kusamalidwa bwino komanso kusamalidwa.
Kodi zitsanzo zina zodziwika bwino za teratogens ndi ziti?
Teratogens ndi zinthu zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimayambitsa mavuto, kaya chifukwa zimayambitsa zilema zobadwa nazo, kutaya mimba, kapena mavuto ena a mimba . Tiyeni tifufuze magulu odziwika bwino.
Mowa, Fodya, ndi Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo
Izi mwina ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya teratogens.
- Mowa: Mowa umakhudza kwambiri dongosolo la mitsempha la mwana wanu. Kumwa mowa panthawi ya mimba kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, omwe angayambitse mawonekedwe osazolowereka a nkhope, kukula kochepa kwa mutu, komanso mavuto a khalidwe ndi thupi omwe amakhalapo nthawi yayitali.
Palibe kuchuluka kodziwika bwino kwa mowa komwe kumamwa panthawi ya mimba.
- Ndudu: Kusuta fodya ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa mavuto a kukula kwa mwana wosabadwa, kubadwa msanga, komanso kupititsa padera. Kungayambitsenso kuwonongeka kosatha kwa minofu ya mapapo a mwana wanu komanso ubongo wake womwe ukukula.
- Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo:Mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga cocaine, methamphetamines, heroin, ndi chamba angayambitse kubadwa ndi kulemera kochepa, matenda a mtima, komanso matenda a Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome—vuto lomwe mwana amakumana nalo akangobadwa kumene. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito singano zogwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi kumabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda opatsirana m'magazi.
Mankhwala
Mankhwala onse omwe amaperekedwa ndi dokotala komanso omwe amaperekedwa ndi dokotala nthawi zina amatha kukhala ngati teratogens. Ndikofunikira kuti mufunsane ndi dokotala wanu musanamwe mankhwala kapena zowonjezera. Nthawi zonse werengani zolemba mosamala. Ngati simukudziwa bwino za chitetezo cha mankhwala, funsani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo; ndi bwino kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mpaka mutalandira chilolezo cha dokotala.
Zitsanzo za mankhwala omwe angakhale ndi vuto la teratogenic ndi awa:
- Mankhwala oletsa khunyu (AEDs)
- Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
- Mankhwala Oletsa Kugayika kwa Magazi (anticoagulants)
- Mankhwala oletsa chithokomiro
- Vitamini A wambiri (womwe umapezeka mu mafuta ena a pakhungu)
- Mankhwala a mahomoni
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukudwala matenda monga khunyu, mungafunike mankhwala monga phenytoin. Dokotala wanu adzafufuza mosamala zoopsa ndi ubwino wake kuti inu ndi mwana wanu mukhale otetezeka momwe mungathere pamene mukuyang'anira zosowa zanu zaumoyo.
Kodi zoopsa za mankhwala zimagawidwa bwanji panthawi ya mimba?
Kale bungwe la US FDA linkagwiritsa ntchito njira yolembera zilembo (A, B, C, D, X) pogawa zoopsa. Mu 2015, lamuloli linasinthidwa ndi lamulo lolemba zizindikiro za mimba ndi kuyamwitsa (PLLR). Lamuloli limapereka chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane komanso chodzaza ndi nkhani kuti lithandize opereka chithandizo chamankhwala kupanga zisankho zodziwa bwino za odwala apakati ndi oyamwitsa.
Gawo lofunika kwambiri ndikukhulupirira dokotala wanu kuti aone ngati mankhwala aliwonse ndi otetezeka malinga ndi mbiri yanu yapadera yachipatala.
Matenda ndi mavairasi
Matenda, mavairasi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi matenda a bakiteriya zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri kwa inu ndi mwana wanu. Mawu ofupikitsa akuti 'TORCH' amathandiza madokotala kugawa matenda omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu:
- T - Toxoplasmosis (nthawi zambiri imafalikira kudzera mu kukhudzana ndi ndowe za amphaka)
- O - Matenda ena (monga Gulu B Streptococcus, Listeria, Candida, ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana)
- R – Rubella
- C - Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- H - Kachilombo ka Herpes Simplex
- Chindoko chilinso m'gulu la zoopsa izi.
Matenda ena ndi mavairasi omwe angayambitse mavuto ndi awa:
- Nkhuku ndi ma shingles
- Matenda a chiwindi a chiwindi B, matenda a chiwindi a C, ndi matenda ena a chiwindi a chiwindi a ma virus
- HIV
- Matenda achisanu
Poizoni wa Zachilengedwe, Mankhwala, ndi Zinthu Zakuthupi
Mankhwala ena owononga chilengedwe ndi poizoni angayambitse zilema zobadwa nazo, kuphatikizapo mavuto monga Spina Bifida, Cleft Palate, kapena mavuto amitsempha. Zitsanzo za kukhudzana ndi zinthu zoopsazi ndi izi:
- Kukumana ndi ma radiation (monga X-ray) kapena chithandizo cha khansa (Chemotherapy)
- Mabafa otentha, ma sauna, kapena zinthu zina zotenthetsera zomwe zimakweza kutentha kwa thupi lanu
- Mercury (yomwe imapezeka mu mitundu ina ya nsomba)
- Lead (nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu utoto ndi mapaipi a nyumba zakale)
- Mankhwala oopsa kapena zitsulo zolemera zomwe zimapezeka m'malo ogwirira ntchito kapena m'malo opangira zinthu
Matenda Osatha
Matenda ena osatha omwe mungakhale nawo angapangitse kuti mwana wanu abereke zilema. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo matenda a shuga, matenda a chithokomiro, ndi matenda odziteteza ku matenda monga Lupus kapena Rheumatoid Arthritis. Pazochitikazi, chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha teratogens nthawi zambiri chimachokera ku mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda awa kapena chifukwa cha matenda osasamalidwa bwino.
Ndikofunikira kukambirana ndi dokotala wanu za matenda aliwonse omwe mudakumana nawo kale komanso mankhwala omwe mukumwa. Mungafunike kusintha ndondomeko yoyang'anira matenda anu osatha panthawi ya mimba yanu.
Kodi ndi nthawi iti yomwe kukhudzana ndi teratogens kumakhala koopsa kwambiri panthawi ya mimba?
Kukumana ndi ma teratogens n'koopsa pa nthawi iliyonse ya mimba. Komabe, chiopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri pa masabata asanu ndi atatu oyambirira a mimba. Izi zili choncho chifukwa, panthawiyi, ziwalo zambiri za mwana wanu zikukula mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mwana wosabadwayo akhale wokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa za ma teratogens. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti ma teratogens amatha kukhudza mwana akangotha milungu iwiri kuchokera pamene mayi ali ndi pakati.
Mwachitsanzo, Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) imachitika musanafike sabata lachisanu la mimba. Thupi la neural ndi maziko a ubongo ndi msana. Matenda a NTD amapezeka ngati neural tube siitseka bwino, zomwe zingayambitse zilema zosiyanasiyana zobadwa nazo.
Ndi zilema zotani zobadwa nazo zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi teratogens?
Matenda a Teratogen amadziwika kuti amayambitsa zilema zambiri zobadwa nazo. Zina mwa mavuto omwe amawonedwa kwambiri ndi awa:
- Mavuto a ubongo kapena msana, monga Anencephaly (kumene mbali zina za ubongo kapena chigaza sizikupezeka)
- Zolakwika zakuthupi kapena kapangidwe ka thupi, monga kusowa kwa miyendo kapena ziwalo za thupi zolakwika
- Mlomo ndi pakamwa pakhungu
- Kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso kapena mavuto a dongosolo la mitsempha
- Matenda a mtima kapena matenda a mtima
Kodi mungapewe bwanji kutenga teratogens panthawi ya mimba?
Njira yabwino yopewera kutenga teratogens ndikukonzekera mimba yanu pasadakhale ngati n'kotheka. Kukonzekera kumakupatsani mwayi wolamulira matenda osatha ndikusintha moyo wanu, monga kusiya kusuta fodya.
Komabe, izi sizingatheke nthawi zonse. Mukakhala ndi pakati, pali njira zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha teratogen:
- Kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala aliwonse omwe mukumwa.
- Pewani ndudu, mowa, ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
- Musamwe mankhwala ena aliwonse owonjezera, mankhwala ogulitsidwa kunja kwa ofesi ya dokotala, kapena mankhwala azitsamba popanda kufunsa dokotala kaye.
- Pewani kutsuka mabokosi a zinyalala kuti mupewe kukhudzidwa ndi tizilombo tina.
- Pewani kupita ku mabafa otentha, ma sauna, ndi chilichonse chomwe chimakweza kutentha kwa thupi lanu.
- Pewani kudya nsomba zokhala ndi mercury yambiri, monga tuna ndi swordfish.
- Lankhulani ndi woyang'anira wanu kapena dipatimenti ya Human Resources za mankhwala aliwonse oopsa omwe amapezeka kuntchito kwanu.
Ndikofunikira kukambirana momasuka komanso moona mtima ndi dokotala wa za mimba yanu panthawi yonse ya mimba yanu. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukhala oona mtima pa nkhani ya kumwa mowa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Iwo alipo kuti akuthandizeni kuonetsetsa kuti mimba yanu ndi yotetezeka komanso yathanzi. Musazengereze kufunsa dokotala wanu musanayambe kumwa mankhwala kapena zowonjezera. Kusamala kwambiri nthawi zonse ndi njira yabwino kwambiri.
Maganizo omaliza oti mukumbukire
Kuteteza mwana wanu ku ma teratogens panthawi ya mimba kumathandiza kupewa zilema zobadwa nazo. Gawo loyamba ndikukhala ndi chidziwitso cha momwe zinthu zina zoopsa zingafikire mwana wanu ndikusokoneza chitukuko chake. Kupewa ma teratogens kumathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti mimba ili bwino komanso kupatsa mwana wanu chiyambi chabwino kwambiri m'moyo.
Lankhulani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala omwe mumamwa, kumwa mowa uliwonse, komanso malo omwe mumagwira ntchito kapena okhala. Angayankhe mafunso anu okhudza zinthu zomwe zingayambitse zilema zobadwa nazo komanso momwe mungadzitetezere nokha komanso mwana wanu.
