Kodi mukudziwa zinthu zomwe zingavulaze mwana wanu wosabadwa? (Teratogens) Tiyeni tikambirane izi!

Ngati ndinu mayi woyembekezera, mwina mumaganizira kwambiri za chitetezo cha mwana wanu wosabadwa. Ndipotu, zinthu zina zomwe mumakumana nazo panthawi ya mimba zimatha kuvulaza mwana wanu. Lero tikambirana za zinthu zotere, zomwe mu sayansi ya zamankhwala timazitcha 'teratogens'.

Kodi teratogen iyi ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, teratogens ndi zinthu zomwe, ngati zitadyedwa kapena kuwonedwa panthawi ya mimba, zingayambitse matenda obadwa nawo m'mimba mwa mwana wanu kapena mwana wosabadwayo. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo mankhwala, mankhwala , matenda ena, ndi zinthu zoopsa . Teratogens zimatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha kutayika kwa mimba , kubadwa msanga, kapena kubereka mwana wakufa .

Kodi kuopsa kwa teratogen kumatsimikiziridwa bwanji?

Tsopano, kuopsa kwa teratogen kumadalira zinthu zingapo:

• Zilibe kanthu kuti ndi mankhwala amtundu wanji, chinthu, kapena poizoni. Sizinthu zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zofanana.
• Kodi munakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji? Nthawi yochepa, masiku, miyezi?
• Kuchuluka (mlingo kapena kuchuluka) kwa kukhudzana ndi kachilomboka. Kuchuluka kochepa kapena kwakukulu?
• Nthawi ya mimba ndi chiwerengero cha masabata omwe mwana anali m'mimba pamene anali kuonekera. Izi zili choncho chifukwa pali nthawi zomwe ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za mwanayo zimakula.
• Zinthu zobadwa nazo zimatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha mwana. Nthawi zina pangakhale zotsatira za majini.

Choncho, ndi bwino kupewa mitundu iyi ya teratogens nthawi yonse yomwe muli ndi pakati . Komabe, kuigwiritsa ntchito nthawi zina pakukula kwa mwana kungakhale koopsa kwambiri .

Kodi zilema zobadwa nazo zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha teratogens zimakhala zofala bwanji?

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pakati pa 4% ndi 5% ya zilema zobadwa nazo zimachitika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa ma teratogens. Ndipo kupezeka kwa ma teratogens amenewa kwapezekanso kuti kumakhudza kukula kwa nzeru ndi thupi la mwana. Chifukwa chake, ichi si chinthu choyenera kuonedwa mopepuka, eti?

Kodi zitsanzo za teratogens ndi ziti?

Mankhwala otchedwa Teratogens ndi zinthu zomwe zingavulaze mwana panthawi ya mimba. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti angayambitse zilema zobadwa nazo, kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha kutaya mimba, kubereka mwana wakufa, kapena mavuto ena a mimba . Tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo zazikulu.

Mowa, ndudu, ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Izi ndi mitundu ya ma teratogens omwe anthu ambiri amawadziwa bwino.

• Mowa: Mowa umakhudza dongosolo lapakati la mitsempha ya mwana. Kumwa mowa panthawi ya mimba kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda otchedwa Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Izi zingayambitse mwana kukhala ndi nkhope yosazolowereka, mutu ndi ubongo waung'ono, ndi mavuto ena amthupi ndi machitidwe.

Palibe mowa uliwonse womwe ungaganizidwe kuti ndi wotetezeka panthawi ya mimba.

• Ndudu: Kusuta kungayambitse mavuto pakukula kwa mwana wosabadwa, kulemera kochepa kwa mwana, komanso kupititsa padera. Kusuta fodya kumawononganso minofu ya mapapo ndi ubongo wa mwana.
• Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo: Mankhwala monga cocaine, methamphetamines, heroin, ndi chamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya mimba zingayambitse kubadwa ndi kulemera kochepa, mavuto a mtima, komanso matenda otchedwa Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi kusasangalala komwe kumachitika mwana akabadwa. Komanso, kugawana singano kungayambitse matenda.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala ena operekedwa ndi dokotala komanso operekedwa ndi dokotala amaonedwa kuti ndi a teratogens. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuuza dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse omwe mukumwa. Mukamagula mankhwala kapena zowonjezera zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi dokotala, werengani mosamala chizindikirocho. Ngati muli ndi nkhawa iliyonse yokhudza chitetezo cha chinthu, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo. Ndi bwino kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mpaka mutalandira upangiri wake.

Zitsanzo zina za mankhwala omwe angakhale ndi teratogenic ndi awa:

• Mankhwala oletsa khunyu (AEDs)
• Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
• Mankhwala Oletsa Kugayika kwa Magazi (ochepetsa Kugayika kwa Magazi)
• Mankhwala oletsa chithokomiro
• Vitamini A (yomwe imapezeka kwambiri mu mafuta ena a pakhungu)
• Mankhwala a mahomoni

Tangoganizirani, muli ndi khunyu, ndipo mukumwa mankhwala ngati `(Phenytoin)`. Zingakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoipa pa mwana, koma mankhwala amenewo angakhale ofunikira pa moyo wanu. Mu nthawi ngati izi, madokotala amaganizira zabwino ndi zoyipa za kumwa mankhwalawo ndikupanga zisankho zomwe zilibe chiopsezo chachikulu panthawi ya mimba.

Kodi chitetezo cha mankhwala chimagawidwa bwanji panthawi ya mimba?

Bungwe la United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) linapanga njira yogawa zoopsa za mankhwala panthawi ya mimba. Linali ndi magulu asanu: A, B, C, D, ndi X.

Mu 2015, njira yatsopano yotchedwa Pregnancy and Labeling Rule (PLLR) idakhazikitsidwa. Izi zidachotsa magulu am'mbuyomu a zilembo. Njira ya PLLR imapatsa madokotala chidziwitso chomwe amafunikira kuti apange zisankho pochiza amayi apakati kapena oyamwitsa. Imaganizira zinthu zambiri ndipo imapereka detayo m'njira yabwino kwa madokotala.

Chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndi kulola dokotala wanu wa ana oyembekezera kusankha chitetezo cha mankhwala kutengera luso lake.

Matenda ndi mavairasi

Matenda, mavairasi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi matenda ena a bakiteriya akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa mayi wapakati ndi mwana wake wosabadwa. Mawu ofupikitsa akuti `(TORCH)` amathandiza kugawa ena mwa matenda awa:

• T – `(Toxoplasmosis)` (matenda omwe amafalikira ndi ndowe za amphaka)
• O - Matenda ena - mwachitsanzo, Gulu B Streptococcus, Listeria, Candida ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana (STIs).
• R – `(Rubella)` (Rubella)
• C – `(Cytomegalovirus – CMV)` (Cytomegalovirus)
• H – `(Herpes Simplex Virus)` (Herpes Simplex Virus)`
• Kuwonjezera pa izi, matenda monga `(Syphilis)` angagwerenso m'gulu ili.

Matenda ena ndi mavairasi omwe angayambitse mavuto panthawi ya mimba kapena mavuto kwa mwana ndi awa:

• Nkhuku ndi ma shingles
• Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C ndi matenda ena a chiwindi omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kachilomboka.
• HIV `(HIV)`
• Matenda achisanu

Poizoni m'chilengedwe, mankhwala, kapena zinthu zina zakuthupi

Mankhwala ndi poizoni ena angayambitse zilema zobadwa nazo. Zilema zobadwa nazozi zingaphatikizepo spina bifida, cleft palate, kapena mavuto a mitsempha. Zitsanzo zina za poizoni kapena mankhwala awa ndi awa:

• Kukhudzidwa ndi ma radiation (monga X-ray) kapena chemotherapy
• Mabafa otentha, ma sauna, kapena zinthu zina zotenthetsera zomwe zimawonjezera kutentha kwa thupi lanu
• Mercury (yomwe imapezeka mu mitundu ina ya nsomba)
• Lead (imapezeka mu utoto ndi mapaipi m'nyumba zakale)
• Mankhwala oopsa kapena zitsulo zolemera kuntchito kapena m'mafakitale opanga zinthu

Matenda osatha

Matenda ena osatha omwe muli nawo angapangitsenso kuti mwana wanu adwale matenda obadwa nawo. Zitsanzo zake ndi matenda a shuga, matenda a chithokomiro, ndi matenda odziteteza ku matenda monga lupus kapena rheumatoid arthritis. Chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha teratogens nthawi zambiri chimachokera ku mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda awa, kapena matenda osalamulirika bwino.

Ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za matenda aliwonse omwe mudakumana nawo kale komanso mankhwala omwe mumamwa. Mungafunikenso kusintha momwe mumachitira ndi matenda anu osatha panthawi ya mimba.

Kodi ndi liti pamene kukhudzana ndi teratogens panthawi ya mimba kumakhala koopsa kwambiri?

Kukumana ndi ma teratogens n'koopsa nthawi iliyonse panthawi ya mimba. Komabe, chiopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu pang'ono mkati mwa milungu isanu ndi itatu yoyambirira ya mimba. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ziwalo zambiri za mwana ndi machitidwe ake zikukula panthawiyi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mwanayo akhale womasuka kwambiri ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa za ma teratogens. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ma teratogens amatha kukhudza mwana akangotha ​​milungu iwiri kuchokera pamene mayi ali ndi pakati, pamene umuna umalowa dzira.

Mwachitsanzo, zolakwika za neural tube (NTDs) zimachitika milungu isanu isanakwane mimba. Thupi la neural ndi komwe ubongo ndi msana zimapangidwira. NTDs zimachitika pamene neural tube siitseka bwino. Izi zingayambitse zolakwika zosiyanasiyana zobadwa nazo.

Kodi ndi zilema zotani zomwe teratogens zimayambitsa?

Mankhwala otchedwa Teratogens amadziwika kuti amayambitsa zilema zambiri zobadwa nazo. Zina mwa zofala kwambiri ndi izi:

• Mavuto a ubongo kapena msana, mwachitsanzo, kusowa pang'ono kapena kwathunthu kwa ubongo (anencephaly)
• Zofooka zakuthupi kapena za kapangidwe ka thupi, mwachitsanzo, mafupa ang'onoang'ono kapena ziwalo za thupi zomwe sizikupezeka
• Mlomo ndi pakamwa pakhungu
• Kulephera kwa nzeru kapena mavuto a dongosolo la mitsempha (kulephera kuzindikira)
• Matenda a mtima kapena matenda a mtima

Kodi mungapewe bwanji kutenga teratogens panthawi ya mimba?

Njira yabwino yopewera teratogens ndikukonzekera pasadakhale, ngati n'kotheka. Mukakonzekera kutenga pakati, mutha kuthana ndi matenda osatha ndikusintha moyo wanu, monga kusiya kusuta fodya.

Komabe, izi sizichitika nthawi zonse. Mukakhala ndi pakati, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu chotenga teratogens:

• Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala aliwonse omwe mumamwa.
• Pewani kusuta fodya, kumwa mowa, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Musamwe mankhwala aliwonse owonjezera zakudya, mankhwala ogulitsidwa kunja kwa ofesi ya dokotala, kapena mankhwala olembedwa ndi dokotala popanda kufunsa dokotala wanu.
• Pewani kutsuka mabokosi a zinyalala za amphaka.
• Pewani malo osambira otentha, malo osambira osambira, ndi chilichonse chomwe chimawonjezera kutentha kwa thupi lanu.
• Pewani kudya nsomba zomwe zili ndi mercury yambiri, monga tuna ndi swordfish.
• Lankhulani ndi woyang'anira wanu kapena dipatimenti yoona za anthu za mankhwala oopsa kuntchito kwanu.

Ndikofunikira kukhala womasuka komanso woona mtima kwa dokotala wa za mimba yanu panthawi ya mimba. Izi zikuphatikizapo kunena zoona za kumwa mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe mukumwa. Iwo alipo kuti akuthandizeni kukhala ndi mimba yotetezeka komanso yathanzi. Musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu musanamwe mankhwala kapena zowonjezera. Ndi bwino kusamala kwambiri panthawi ya mimba.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Kuteteza mwana wanu wosabadwayo ku ma teratogens panthawi ya mimba kungathandize kupewa zilema zobadwa nazo. Gawo loyamba ndikuzindikira kuti zinthu zina zoopsa zimatha kupita kwa mwana wanu wosabadwayo ndikusokoneza chitukuko chake. Kupewa ma teratogens kungathandize kuonetsetsa kuti mimba yanu ili bwino ndikupatsa mwana wanu chiyambi chabwino m'moyo.

Kambiranani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala omwe mumamwa, kumwa kwanu mowa, ndi momwe zinthu zilili kuntchito kwanu kapena komwe mumakhala. Iye akhoza kuyankha mafunso anu okhudza zomwe zingayambitse zilema zobadwa nazo komanso momwe mungadzitetezere nokha ndi mwana wanu.