Khansa ya Tonsil? - Musachite mantha, tiyeni tidziwe izi.

Kodi muli ndi pakhosi lomwe silimatha masiku angapo? Kapena mumapeza kuti tonsil imodzi imawoneka yayikulu kuposa inzake mukayang'ana pagalasi? Nthawi zambiri timanyalanyaza izi ngati chimfine wamba kapena tonsil yotupa. Koma nthawi zina, izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro zoyambirira za chinthu choopsa kwambiri, chomwe ndi khansa ya tonsil. Musadandaule, simuyenera kuchita mantha mukamva dzinali. Chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa bwino za izi. Lero, tikambirana izi m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Mwachidule, kodi khansa ya tonsil ndi chiyani?

Khansa ya tonsil ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'ma glands awiri kumbuyo kwa mmero mwanu otchedwa ma tonsils. Ma tonsils awa amapezeka kumbuyo kwa mmero mwanu, kapena gawo la mmero mwanu lotchedwa "pharynx." Ndipotu, khansa ya tonsil ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yofala kwambiri ya khansa yomwe imayamba m'mero, kapena "khansa ya oropharyngeal."

Chabwino kwambiri n'chakuti khansa imeneyi imatha kuchiritsidwa ngati yapezeka msanga, isanafalikire ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikiro zake.

Koma iyi si khansa yofala kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti si matenda omwe amakhudza aliyense. Koma ndi bwino kuti anthu omwe ali ndi zinthu zoopsa azisamala kwambiri ndi izi.

Muyenera kuda nkhawa ndi zizindikiro izi.

Chizindikiro chachikulu komanso chodziwika bwino cha khansa ya tonsil ndi kupweteka kwa pakhosi komwe sikutha kwa masiku kapena milungu ingapo. Kuphatikiza apo, chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu ndi kutupa kwa tonsil imodzi yokha ndipo imakhala yayikulu kuposa inayo. Tiyeni tiwone bwino zizindikiro izi.

N’chifukwa chiyani khansa yamtunduwu imayamba? Kodi zinthu zoopsa zake ndi ziti?

Asayansi sakudziwabe 100% chifukwa chake maselo abwino amasanduka maselo a khansa. Komabe, tsopano apeza zinthu zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa izi.

1. Kachilombo ka papilloma ka anthu (HPV): Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chapezeka. HPV ndi kachilombo kopatsirana pogonana. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mitundu ina ya kachilomboka, makamaka HPV-16, imakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa khansa ya m'matumbo.

2. Kugwiritsa ntchito fodya: Sikuti ndudu, ndudu, ndi ma beedis okha, komanso ndudu zamagetsi (vaping) ndi zoopsa. Mankhwala omwe ali mu fodya amatha kuwononga maselo a pakhosi ndikuyambitsa khansa.

3.Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso: Munthu amene amamwa mowa akusuta ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa iyi. Zinthu ziwirizi zikaphatikizidwa, chiopsezo cha khansa chimawonjezeka kwambiri.

4. Chitetezo chamthupi chofooka: Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena omwe akumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi chifukwa choikidwa chiwalo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa yamtunduwu.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji izi? (Kuzindikira)

Mukapita kwa dokotala ndi zizindikiro zomwe mwatchula pamwambapa, chinthu choyamba chomwe angachite ndikuwunika pakhosi panu mosamala. Adzayang'ana kusintha kulikonse mu tonsils yanu, zilonda, ndi zina zotero. Angathenso kuchita kafukufuku wa pakhosi kuti aone ngati pali matenda.

Ngati pali kukayikira pang'ono za khansa ya m'matumbo, adzakutumizani kwa katswiri wa khutu, mphuno ndi pakhosi (Opaleshoni ya ENT - Otolaryngologist). Kumeneko, adzafunika kuchita mayeso ena.

Kufufuza za thupi

Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yodziwira ngati ndi khansa kapena ayi. Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chidutswa chaching'ono kwambiri cha minofu kuchokera ku tonsil yokayikitsa ndikuchiyang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti muwone ngati pali maselo a khansa. Izi zitha kuchitika m'njira zingapo.

• Kufufuza kwa Kudula: Kudula pang'ono kumapangidwa kuti pakhale chidutswa cha minofu.
• Kutulutsa Singano Yaing'ono (FNA): Ngati pali chotupa pakhosi, singano yaying'ono imayikidwa ndipo chitsanzo chaching'ono cha maselo chimachotsedwa kuti chikafufuzidwe.

Mayeso Ojambula

Ngati biopsy ikutsimikizira kuti ndi khansa, sitepe yotsatira ndikuwona momwe yafalikira komanso ngati yafalikira kwina. Mayeso ngati awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi.

• Kujambula kwa CT (Kujambula kwa Computed Tomography)
• Kujambula kwa MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans)
• Kujambula kwa PET (Positron Emission Tomography scans)

Zotsatira za mayesowa zimatsimikizira gawo la khansa. Chithandizo chimakonzedwa kutengera gawo limenelo. Mwachidule, gawo loyambirira limatanthauza kuti khansayo imangokhala m'ma tonsils okha. Gawo lotsatira limatanthauza kuti yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes kapena ziwalo zina ndipo imatchedwa metastasize.

Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?

Pali njira zingapo zochizira khansa ya m'matumbo. Chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa inu chidzadalira kukula kwa chotupacho, komwe chili, ngati chafalikira, komanso thanzi lanu lonse. Chithandizo chachikulu ndi opaleshoni, chithandizo cha radiation, ndi chemotherapy.

1. Opaleshoni

Ngati khansayo ndi yaying'ono ndipo ikayamba kumene, imatha kuchotsedwa kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni.

• Opaleshoni ya Robotic Yodutsa Mkamwa (TORS):Iyi ndi njira yatsopano komanso yapamwamba kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa robotic, chotupa cha khansa chimachotsedwa mosamala kwambiri kuchokera mkati mwa pakamwa mpaka kumbuyo kwa pakhosi. Popeza palibe kudula kwakukulu, chimachira mwachangu.
• Kuchotsa Lymphadenectomy (Kuchotsa Khosi): Ngati khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes m'khosi, gawo lina la khosi lidzadulidwa ndipo ma lymph nodes amenewo adzachotsedwa.

2. Chithandizo cha Radiation

Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ma radiation amphamvu kwambiri (monga ma X-ray) kuti awononge maselo a khansa. Nthawi zina chithandizochi chimaperekedwa ngati njira ina m'malo mwa opaleshoni, kapena kupha maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe angakhalepo pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

3. Mankhwala a Chemotherapy

Izi zimaphatikizapo kupatsa thupi mankhwala amphamvu omwe amapha maselo a khansa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa ngati khansa yafalikira kwambiri, kapena kuti iwonjezere zotsatira za chithandizo cha radiation.

Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse za mankhwalawa?

Inde, monga mankhwala ena aliwonse a khansa, pakhoza kukhala zotsatirapo zina, koma tsopano pali njira zambiri zothanirana nazo.

• Pambuyo pa opaleshoni: Kutuluka magazi, matenda, kuvutika kumeza (dysphagia), ndi kusintha kwa mawu kungachitike.
• Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha radiation ndi chemotherapy , kutopa, nseru, kusanza, kutayika tsitsi, zilonda pakamwa, komanso kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya ndizofala.

Zotsatirapo zambirizi zimakhala zakanthawi kochepa. Zimachepa pang'onopang'ono chithandizo chikatha. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudya bwino ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala panthawiyi.

Kodi pali njira yopewera khansa iyi?

Ngakhale kuti sizingatheke kupeweratu, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezocho.

• Pewani kusuta fodya konse: Siyani kugwiritsa ntchito fodya wamtundu uliwonse.
• Chepetsani kumwa mowa: Ndi bwino kuchepetsa mowa momwe mungathere.
• Dzitetezeni ku HPV: Kulandira katemera wa HPV kungakutetezeni ku mitundu ya kachilomboka, monga HPV-16, komwe ndi komwe kumayambitsa khansa iyi. Kugonana motetezeka n'kofunikanso.
• Samalani thanzi la pakamwa panu: Muzipimidwa pakamwa nthawi zonse ndi dokotala wa mano. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuzindikira kusintha msanga.