Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Khansa ya M'mawere Yopanda Katatu

Ndizachilendo kuti aliyense achite mantha pang'ono akamva mawu akuti khansa ya m'mawere. Koma chofunika kwambiri chomwe tiyenera kudziwa ndichakuti si khansa zonse za m'mawere zomwe ndi zofanana. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa. Lero tikambirana za mtundu womwe ndi wosowa kwambiri ndipo umafuna chisamaliro chapadera panthawi ya chithandizo. Timautcha 'Kansa ya M'mawere Yoipa Katatu' (TNBC mwachidule). Kumva dzinali kungamveke kovuta pang'ono kwa inu, koma musachite mantha. Tikambirana izi mosavuta, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.

N’chifukwa chiyani izi zimatchedwa ‘Triple-Negative’?

Chabwino, tiyeni tiyambe ndi tanthauzo la dzinali. Kuti timvetse izi, tiyenera kukhala ndi lingaliro laling'ono la momwe maselo a khansa ya m'mawere amagwirira ntchito.

Tangoganizani kuti maselo m'thupi mwathu ali ngati zitseko. Zitseko zimenezo zili ndi maloko omwe amasunga makiyi. Mu zamankhwala, timatcha ma keyhole awa kuti 'receptors'. Makiyi omwe amafanana ndi ma receptors awa akabwera ndikugwirizana, maselo amenewo amalandira mauthenga enaake.

Pali mitundu itatu ya ma receptor omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa khansa ya m'mawere.

1. Ma Estrogen Receptors (ER): Izi zimagwirizana ndi mahomoni achikazi otchedwa estrogen.

2. Ma Progesterone Receptors (PR): Izi zimagwirizana ndi mahomoni ena achikazi otchedwa progesterone.

3. HER2 Receptors: Ichi ndi cholandirira chomwe chimalumikizana ndi puloteni yotchedwa HER2. Puloteni iyi imayang'anira kukula kwa maselo a m'mawere.

Mu mitundu yambiri ya khansa ya m'mawere, imodzi, ziwiri, kapena zonse zitatuzi zimatulutsidwa mopitirira muyeso. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mahomoni ndi mapuloteni awa amathandiza maselo a khansa kukula. Zili ngati kuwonjezera mafuta pamoto. Chifukwa chake madokotala akamachiza khansa izi, amalunjika ma receptor awa ndikuwapatsa mankhwala omwe amawaletsa (njira yothandizira). Mankhwalawa amatseka 'makiyi' amenewo. Kenako maselo a khansa salandira mauthenga omwe amafunikira kuti akule.

Tsopano mwina mukumvetsa komwe vuto lili? Mankhwala wamba omwe amalimbana ndi ma receptors sagwira ntchito pa khansa yamtunduwu. Chifukwa palibe cholandirira chomwe chimafunika kuchitidwa. Ili ndiye vuto lalikulu ndi khansa ya TNBC. Koma sizikutanthauza kuti singachiritsidwe. Pali mankhwala ena othandiza pa izi, ndipo tidzakambirana za izi mtsogolo.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa iyi ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mawere yokhala ndi ma triple-negative zimafanana kwambiri ndi za khansa zina za m'mawere. Ngati muwona china chake chachilendo m'mabere anu, ndikofunikira kusamala.

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi, chonde musachite mantha ndipo pitani kwa dokotala mwamsanga. Kukhala ndi zizindikirozi sikutanthauza kuti ndi khansa, koma ndi bwino kupita kuchipatala kukayezetsa.

Kumbukirani, kuyesedwa kwa mammogram nthawi zonse kumatha kuzindikira khansa zizindikiro zisanayambe kuwoneka. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupita kuchipatala nthawi yake kuti akaone ngati ali ndi zaka zoyenera.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa khansa iyi komanso zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa?

Ofufuza sanapezebe chifukwa chenicheni cha khansa iyi, koma apeza kuti pali mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa khansa ndi majini.

Makamaka, pali mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa kusintha kwa majini mu majini a BRCA1 ndi BRCA2 ndi TNBC. Kawirikawiri, majini a BRCA amenewa ndi omwe amachititsa kuti khansa ikule m'thupi lathu. Monga momwe galimoto imagwirira ntchito. Pakakhala vuto kapena kusintha kwa majini awa, mphamvu yolamulira khansa imatayika. Tikhoza kulandira kusintha kwa majini kuchokera kwa makolo athu.

Kupatula izi, palinso zinthu zina zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya TNBC.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji izi?

Mukapita kwa dokotala kuti akaone ngati pali chotupa m'mawere, iye adzayamba wafufuza mabere anu. Kenako, adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu. Kuphatikiza apo, adzayitanitsa mayeso angapo kuti atsimikizire matendawa.

• Mammogram: Kuwunika bere pogwiritsa ntchito X-ray.
• Ultrasound ya m'mawere: Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a phokoso kujambula zithunzi za minofu mkati mwa bere.
• MRI ya m'mawere: Njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya maginito ndi mafunde a wailesi kuti ipange zithunzi zomveka bwino komanso zatsatanetsatane.

Ngati ma scan awa akusonyeza khansa, mayeso otsatira ofunikira kwambiri ndi biopsy . Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chidutswa chaching'ono kwambiri cha minofu kuchokera pa chotupa chokayikitsa pogwiritsa ntchito singano yaying'ono ndikuchiyang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu.

Kuphatikiza apo, dokotala wanu angakutumizireninso kuti mukayesedwe majini kuti aone ngati pali kusintha kwa majini, monga BRCA. Zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa gawo la khansa yanu ndikupanga njira yoyenera yochizira.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Ngakhale kuti pali zovuta pochiza khansa ya TNBC, tsopano pali njira zambiri zochizira zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Dokotala wanu wa khansa adzakulangizani njira yabwino kwambiri yochizira matenda anu.

Chithandizo chachikulu ndi kuchotsa chotupa cha khansa kudzera mu opaleshoni. Kuphatikiza apo, chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi.

• Chemotherapy: Iyi ndi imodzi mwa njira zazikulu komanso zothandiza kwambiri zothandizira TNBC. Chemotherapy imaperekedwa musanachite opaleshoni kuti ichepetse chotupa (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) komanso pambuyo pa opaleshoni kuti iphe maselo ena onse a khansa ndikuletsa matendawa kuti asabwererenso (adjuvant chemotherapy).
• Chithandizo cha Radiation: Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri kumalunjika kudera lomwe khansa inali kuti kuwononge maselo otsala a khansa.
• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Ichi ndi chithandizo chatsopano. Chimagwira ntchito polimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lathu kuti chizindikire ndikuwukira maselo a khansa. Kwa odwala ena a TNBC, chithandizochi chingaperekedwe pamodzi ndi chemotherapy kuti chipeze zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.
• Chithandizo Cholunjika: Kwa odwala a TNBC omwe ali ndi kusintha kwa majini a BRCA, mankhwala enaake monga PARP inhibitors amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zimagwira ntchito posokoneza kuthekera kwa maselo a khansa kudzikonza okha.

Pakadali pano pali mayeso ambiri azachipatala omwe akuchitika padziko lonse lapansi okhudza TNBC. Mankhwala atsopano ndi mankhwala atsopano akupezedwa nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, titha kukhala ndi chiyembekezo chabwino cha tsogolo la matendawa.

Zinthu zoti muganizire mutalandira chithandizo

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni kapena chithandizo china, nthawi zina mavuto amatha kuchitika. Mwachitsanzo, bala la opaleshoni likhoza kukhala ndi kachilombo kapena magazi kuundana. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, funsani dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino panthawi ya chithandizo

Chithandizo cha khansa ndi chovuta kwambiri, mwakuthupi komanso m'maganizo. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingakuthandizeni kumva bwino panthawiyi.

• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono: Zochita zopepuka monga kuyenda ndi yoga zingathandize kuchepetsa nkhawa komanso kupatsa thupi lanu mphamvu zambiri.
• Zakudya zabwino: Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe zimaphatikizapo mapuloteni opanda mafuta ambiri (nsomba, nkhuku), zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, nyemba, ndi tirigu wonse (mpunga wofiirira, oatmeal). Imwani madzi ambiri.
• Kusunga kulemera kwabwino: Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kusunga kulemera kwabwino komwe kumakuyenererani ndi chithandizo chabwino chamankhwala.
• Chithandizo cha zamaganizo:Lankhulani ndi achibale anu ndi anzanu apamtima za momwe mukumvera, mantha anu, ndi nkhawa zanu. Ngati kuli kofunikira, funani thandizo kwa mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo.