Tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule za mitundu ya matenda a shuga (Diabetes Mellitus)

Tonse tamvapo mawu oti 'shuga'. Mwina wina m'banja mwanu, mnzanu, kapena inuyo mukukhudzidwa ndi vutoli. Koma kodi mumadziwa kuti matenda a shuga si matenda amodzi okha, koma ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana? Lero, tikambirana za mtundu uliwonse wa matendawa, zizindikiro zake, ndi momwe tingawathetsere m'njira yosavuta komanso yolunjika.

Mwachidule, matenda a shuga ndi dzina lofala la matenda angapo omwe amakhudza njira yosinthira chakudya chomwe timadya kukhala mphamvu. Tikadya chakudya chokhala ndi chakudya chokhala ndi chakudya chotchedwa carbohydrates (starch), thupi lathu limachisintha kukhala mtundu wa shuga wotchedwa glucose ndikuchiwonjezera m'magazi. Kenako kapamba wathu amapanga mahomoni otchedwa insulin , omwe amatenga shugayo m'magazi ndikutumiza ku maselo kuti apange mphamvu. Mwa munthu wodwala matenda a shuga, njira iyi ya insulin sigwira ntchito bwino. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezeka. Ngati izi sizikulamuliridwa, mavuto akulu azaumoyo amatha kuchitika pakapita nthawi.

Matenda a shuga asanakwane

Iyi ndi nthawi yochenjeza matenda a shuga asanayambe. Apa, shuga m'magazi mwanu amakhala okwera kuposa masiku onse, koma sali okwera mokwanira kuti azindikire matenda a shuga kwathunthu.

Komabe, nthawi zina mungaone khungu likuda m'malo monga khosi, m'khwapa, ndi m'mimba. Nthawi zina, mungaonenso kuchepa thupi kapena kuwonjezeka thupi mosayembekezereka, njala yambiri, kutopa, thukuta, kusawona bwino, komanso kuchira pang'onopang'ono kwa mabala.

Ngati mutasintha moyo wanu panthawiyi, mutha kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga.

• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.
• Kudya zakudya zabwino.
• Kusunga kulemera koyenera kwa thupi.
• Kusamalira kupsinjika maganizo.
• Pewani kusuta fodya.

Ngati zinthuzi n’zovuta kuchita kapena ngati muli pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a shuga, dokotala wanu angakulembereni mankhwala.

Matenda a Shuga a Mtundu 1

Izi zinkatchedwa 'matenda a shuga a achinyamata'. Koma tsopano tikudziwa kuti amatha kufalikira pa msinkhu uliwonse. Ndi vuto la autoimmune . Mwachidule, chomwe chimachitika apa ndichakuti chitetezo cha mthupi lathu chimaukira ndikuwononga maselo opanga insulin mu kapamba wathu. Kenako thupi silingathenso kupanga insulin.

Vutoli silingathe kupewedwa. Nthawi zambiri limayamba chifukwa cha majini.

Zizindikiro za Matenda a Shuga a Mtundu 1

Zizindikiro zamtunduwu zimawonekera mwachangu kwambiri, mkati mwa milungu ingapo.

• Kumva ludzu komanso njala yambiri.
• Kukodza pafupipafupi.
• Maso osawoneka bwino.
• Kutopa kwambiri.
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa chilichonse.

Nthawi zina, chizindikiro choyamba chingakhale chikomokere cha matenda a shuga, chomwe chingayambitse matenda aakulu monga kutaya chidziwitso.

Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi zizindikiro izi, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Padzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amatha kuwononga mitsempha yamagazi yofooka m'maso (diabetic retinopathy), mitsempha (diabetic neuropathy), ndi impso (diabetic nephropathy). Zimawonjezeranso chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko.

Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo kupereka insulin kunja kwa thupi, pogwiritsa ntchito mapeni a insulin, mapampu, kapena ma syringe. Kuphatikiza apo , kuyezetsa shuga m'magazi nthawi zonse, kuwongolera zakudya, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikofunikira.

Matenda a Shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri

Mtundu uwu ndi wofala kwambiri, womwe umakhudza anthu pafupifupi 90% omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga. Kale unkatchedwa 'akuluakulu a shuga'. Koma masiku ano umapezekanso pakati pa achinyamata ndi ana. Kunenepa kwambiri ndiye chifukwa chachikulu.

Chomwe chimachitika apa n'chakuti kupanga insulin m'thupi kumachepa, kapena maselo a thupi sayankha bwino insulin yomwe imapangidwa (`Insulin Resistance`). Izi zimapangitsa kuti kapamba azigwira ntchito molimbika ndikupanga insulin yambiri. Koma pakapita nthawi, sizikwanira ndipo shuga m'magazi amakwera.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri zimakula pang'onopang'ono. Zingasonyeze zizindikiro kwa zaka zambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu ambiri amapezeka ndi matendawa akafuna chithandizo cha matenda ena.

Kuti muwongolere mtundu uwu wa shuga, kukhala ndi kulemera koyenera, kudya zakudya zabwino, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikofunikira. Anthu ena angafunikenso kumwa mankhwala kapena jakisoni wa insulin. Zonsezi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala wanu.

Matenda a Shuga a Mimba

Amayi ena amatha kudwala matenda a shuga kwakanthawi chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi lawo panthawi ya mimba. Izi zimatchedwa "matenda a shuga a m'mimba." Nthawi zambiri amapezeka kudzera mu mayeso omwe amachitidwa pakati kapena kumapeto kwa mimba.

Nthawi zambiri, sipamakhala zizindikiro zazikulu. Pakhoza kukhala zizindikiro zochepa monga ludzu lochuluka komanso kukodza pafupipafupi. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti vutoli lithe mwana akabadwa.

Chiwopsezo chimakhala chachikulu kwa mwana m'mimba kuposa kwa mayi. Pamene shuga m'magazi mwa mayi akukwera, imapitanso kwa mwana kudzera mu placenta. Izi zingakhudze kukula kwa mwana. Mwana akhoza kunenepa kwambiri, kukhala ndi vuto lopuma pobadwa, komanso kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a shuga kapena kunenepa kwambiri mtsogolo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwongolera matenda a shuga bwino panthawi yapakati.

Mitundu ina yosowa ya matenda a shuga

Kuwonjezera pa mitundu itatu ikuluikulu yomwe ili pamwambapa, palinso mitundu ina yosowa ya matenda a shuga.

Matenda a shuga otchedwa Monogenic

Zimayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa jini imodzi. Zitha kutengera cholowa. Nthawi zambiri, matenda a shuga amapezeka ali ana kapena achinyamata ndipo sasonyeza zizindikiro za mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri, kotero madokotala amakayikira izi.

Matenda a Shuga achiwiri

Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda ena omwe amabwera chifukwa cha inu kapena mankhwala omwe mukumwa. Mwachitsanzo:

• Matenda okhudzana ndi mahomoni (Cushing's syndrome, Acromegaly)
• Matenda a kapamba
• Matenda a Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
• "Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" (PCOS)
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena a steroid kwa nthawi yayitali.

Pazochitikazi, matenda a shuga amathanso kuthetsedwa akalandira chithandizo cha matenda omwe amayambitsa matendawa.