Kodi mukufunanso kudziwa za matenda a typhoid? (Typhoid Fever) Tiyeni tikambirane za izi!

Pali masiku ena omwe mumamva kukhumudwa kwambiri, thupi lanu limapweteka kwa masiku ambiri, muli ndi malungo amphamvu, ndipo pali vuto m'mimba mwanu. Nthawi zina zizindikirozi zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi malungo a typhoid. Uwu ndi matenda ofala pakati pa anthu athu. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za tanthauzo la malungo a typhoid, chifukwa chake amapezeka, komanso momwe tingawasamalire.

Kodi malungo a typhoid ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Mwachidule, malungo a typhoid ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya. Mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa izi ndi ``Salmonella Typhi`` (kapena ``S. Typhi``). Matendawa amayamba ndi kulowa m'matumbo athu ang'onoang'ono (kapena ``m'mimba``) . Kenako, zinthu monga malungo aakulu ndi kupweteka m'mimba zimayamba kuchitika. Malungo a typhoid amatchedwanso ``enteric fever```.

Mwina munamvapo za ``Paratyphoid fever``. Ndi yofanananso ndi typhoid, koma zizindikiro zake sizimakula kwambiri. Imayambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya wotchedwa ``Salmonella Paratyphi`` (kapena ``S. Paratyphi``).

Chofunika kwambiri, mabakiteriya a `S. Typhi` ndi `S. Paratyphi` awa ndi osiyana ndi mabakiteriya a `Salmonella` omwe amayambitsa `salmonellosis`, matenda obwera chifukwa cha chakudya omwe timamva nthawi zambiri. Ndiye, musawasokoneze, chabwino?

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matenda a typhoid?

Matenda a Typhoid ndi matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'maiko osatukuka, makamaka m'madera akumidzi omwe ali ndi ukhondo wochepa . Amafala kwambiri m'maiko aku South ndi Southeast Asia, Central ndi South America, Africa, ndi Caribbean. Anthu oyenda m'maiko monga Pakistan, India, ndi Bangladesh ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

M'dziko lathu, makamaka ana aang'ono, ali ndi mwayi waukulu wodwala matenda a typhoid kuposa akuluakulu. Chifukwa chake, makolo omwe ali ndi ana aang'ono ayenera kuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi izi.

Kodi matenda a typhoid ndi ofala bwanji?

Padziko lonse lapansi, akuti anthu pakati pa 11 ndi 21 miliyoni amadwala typhoid chaka chilichonse. Komabe, m'maiko monga United States, Canada, Japan, Western Europe, ndi Australia, izi ndi zochepa kwambiri. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ukhondo m'maiko amenewo.

Kodi mungathe kufalitsa matenda a typhoid ngakhale mutachira? (Chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali)

Izi ndi zinthu zofunika kuzidziwa. Anthu ena amatha kufalitsa matendawa kwa chaka chimodzi kapena kuposerapo atachira ku matenda a typhoid popanda kusonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse. Amatchedwa "onyamula matendawa kwa nthawi yayitali". Izi zikutanthauza kuti amatha kufalitsa matendawa kwa ena ngakhale akuganiza kuti sakudwala. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyezetsa mabakiteriya a `S. Typhi` mukachira ku matenda a typhoid kuti muwonetsetse kuti simukufalitsa matendawa kwa ena.

Kodi Typhoid ndi Typhus ndi chinthu chimodzi?

Ngakhale mayinawo amamveka ofanana, typhoid ndi typhus ndi osiyana.Matenda awiri osiyana kwambiri omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya mabakiteriya. Kale, madokotala ankaganiza kuti ndi matenda omwewo, chifukwa zizindikiro zake zinali zofanana pang'ono. Tsopano tikudziwa kuti awa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, koma dzina losokoneza likadalipo.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a typhoid ndi ziti?

Matenda a typhoid adachokera ku malungo amphamvu omwe amatha kukhala kwa milungu ingapo ngati sanalandire chithandizo choyenera. Malungo amenewa amawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono tsiku ndi tsiku.

Zizindikiro zina ndi izi:

• Mutu.
• Kumva ngati ukuzizira (Chills).
• Chakudyacho sichikoma.
• Kupweteka m'mimba.
• "Madontho a pinki" ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono, a pinki omwe nthawi zambiri amawonekera pamwamba pa khungu, nthawi zambiri pachifuwa kapena pamimba. Izi sizimachitika kwa aliyense.
• Chifuwa.
• Kupweteka kwa minofu.
• Kusanza, kusanza.
• Kutupa (kutsegula m'mimba) kapena kudzimbidwa.

Zizindikiro zimenezi zingachitike chimodzi pambuyo pa china, kapena zina mwa izo zingachitike.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa matenda a typhoid?

Monga tanenera kale, matenda a typhoid amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya yotchedwa `S. Typhi`. Bakiteriyayi imakhala m'matumbo a anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Kuchokera pamenepo, chakudya ndi madzi zimakhala zodetsedwa.

Kodi matenda a typhoid amafalikira bwanji?

Matenda a typhoid amafalikira makamaka kudzera mu chakudya kapena madzi oipitsidwa ndi bakiteriya `S. Typhi`. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu amene ali ndi typhoid akhudza chinthu chomwe mumadya kapena kumwa mutapita kuchimbudzi osasamba m'manja bwino, kapena ngati madzi odetsedwa (madzi osakanikirana ndi mkodzo wofa) alowa m'madzi kapena chakudya chomwe mumamwa, mutha kutenga matendawa.

Mwachidule, ukhondo wosayenera ndiye chifukwa chachikulu. Ngati wina sasamba m'manja atapita kuchimbudzi, akhoza kupatsira mabakiteriya kwa munthu wina amene wamukhudza, ngakhale kudzera m'zinthu monga zitseko ndi mafoni.

"Ndiye, kodi mungadwale typhoid mwa kupsompsonana?" Mungafunse. Ayi, typhoid sifalikira mwa kupsompsonana. Nthawi zambiri siifalikira mwachindunji kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Koma monga tafotokozera, nthawi zambiri imafalikira kudzera mu zinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi manja odetsedwa.

Kodi matenda a typhoid ndi magawo ati?

Zizindikiro za malungo a typhoid zimatha kupitirira m'magawo anayi, koma magawo onsewa akhoza kupewedwa ngati chithandizo cha maantibayotiki chiyamba msanga .

• Gawo 1: Zizindikiro zimatha kuyamba patatha masiku 5 mpaka 14 kuchokera pamene kachilombo ka S. Typhi kalowa m'thupi mwanu. Chizindikiro choyamba ndi malungo omwe amakwera pang'onopang'ono tsiku ndi tsiku. Izi zimatchedwanso malungo "oyenda pang'onopang'ono", chifukwa malungo amakwera ngati kukwera masitepe. Panthawiyi, mabakiteriya amalowa m'magazi mwanu.
• Gawo 2:Pafupifupi sabata yachiwiri ya chimfine, mabakiteriya amayamba kuchulukana m'mabala anu a Peyer (izi ndi ziwalo za chitetezo chathu chamthupi zomwe zimazindikira zinthu zoopsa). Mumayamba kukhala ndi mavuto am'mimba monga kupweteka m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, kapena kudzimbidwa. Anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi "mabala a maluwa" amenewo.
• Gawo lachitatu: Ngati salandira chithandizo ndi maantibayotiki, mabakiteriyawa amatha kuwononga kwambiri patatha sabata yachitatu kuchokera pamene zizindikiro zayamba. Anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi mavuto aakulu monga kutuluka magazi mkati ndi kutupa kwa ubongo (encephalitis).
• Gawo 4: Apa ndi pomwe anthu ambiri amayamba kuchira. Malungo anu amphamvu amayamba kuchepa. Komabe, mabakiteriya a S. Typhi amatha kukhala mu ndulu yanu popanda kuyambitsa zizindikiro zilizonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kufalitsa matendawa kwa ena mukachira.

Kodi matenda a typhoid amachiritsidwa bwanji ?

Dokotala wanu adzagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zanu, mbiri yanu yaposachedwa ya maulendo, ndi mayeso a labu kuti adziwe matenda a typhoid fever. Iye adzakuyesani ndikumvetsera mtima ndi mapapo anu.

Ngati mwapita posachedwa kudera lomwe matenda a typhoid ndi ofala, kapena ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina munadwalapo matenda a typhoid, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuuza dokotala wanu. Apo ayi, sangakuyeseni ngati muli ndi matenda a typhoid. Chidziwitso chimenecho chidzawathandiza kusankha chithandizo chomwe angakupatseni.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda a typhoid?

Dokotala adzayesa zitsanzo za madzi kapena minofu ya thupi lanu kuti aone zizindikiro za mabakiteriya a S. Typhi. Nazi zina mwa zitsanzo zomwe mungatenge:

• Magazi: Magazi ochepa amatengedwa kuchokera m'dzanja lanu pogwiritsa ntchito singano.
• Chimbudzi/chimbudzi: Dokotala adzakupatsani chidebe chopanda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso malangizo a momwe mungatolere chitsanzo.
• Kukodza/mkodzo: Dokotala adzakufunsani kuti mukodzere m'chikho.
• Kujambula khungu: Nthawi zina, chitsanzo chaching'ono cha khungu chingatengedwe kuchokera pamalo omwe pali madontho a pinki. Komabe, izi sizimachitika nthawi zonse.
• Mafupa: Iyi ndi njira yoyesera yosowa kwambiri. Khungu limasowa madzi ndipo chitsanzo chimatengedwa kuchokera mkati mwa fupa pogwiritsa ntchito singano yapadera.

Kuphatikiza apo, mungafunikenso kuchitidwa X-ray kuti muwone ngati mapapo anu asintha.

Kodi chithandizo cha matenda a typhoid ndi chiyani?

Typhoid imachiritsidwa ndi ``antibiotic``` . Komabe, mitundu ina yatsopano ya mabakiteriya imakana ``antibiotic`` awa. Chifukwa chake, mtundu wa ``antibiotic`` woperekedwa ungasiyane kutengera mtundu wa typhoid womwe muli nawo komanso komwe mudatenga matendawa. ``Paratyphoid fever`` imachiritsidwanso ndi ``antibiotic```.

Ngati mukudwala kwambiri kapena muli ndi mavuto, mungafunike chithandizo china. Zikatero, mukhoza kugonekedwa m'chipatala.

Kodi mankhwala otani omwe amaperekedwa kwa typhoid?

Dokotala akhoza kukupatsani maantibayotiki monga awa:

• `Ciprofloxacin`, `levofloxacin` kapena `ofloxacin`.
• `Ceftriaxone`, `cefotaxime` kapena `cefixime`.
• "Azithromycin".
• `Carbapenems`.

Ngati vuto lanu ndi lalikulu, mankhwala opha ma steroid monga dexamethasone angaperekedwenso.

Kukana kwa typhoid ndi maantibayotiki

Mabakiteriya monga S. Typhi nthawi zina amakhala ndi kukana mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti maantibayotiki omwe ankagwira ntchito kale sangaphenso mabakiteriya.

Mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza odwala ambiri a typhoid sagwiranso ntchito. Koma mankhwala ena amagwirabe ntchito. Mitundu ina ya typhoid ndi yosamva mankhwala (XDR typhoid). Ndi mankhwala ochepa okha omwe amagwira ntchito motsutsana nawo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kupeza katemera woteteza ku typhoid.

Akuluakulu azaumoyo akuda nkhawa kuti typhoid sidzachira ngati mankhwala omwe alipo pano sagwira ntchito. Kutengera ndi zotsatira za mayeso anu, mudzapatsidwa mankhwala opha tizilombo oyenera mtundu wa typhoid womwe muli nawo.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji ndikakhala ndi matenda a typhoid?

Chofunika kwambiri ndikumwa mankhwala anu onse monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera, kwa nthawi yonse ya mankhwala anu. Ngakhale mutamva bwino, muyenera kumaliza mlingo wonse. Funsani dokotala wanu ngati kuli bwino kumwa mankhwala a NSAID chifukwa cha malungo ndi ululu, monga ibuprofen (Advil® kapena Motrin®), naproxen sodium (Aleve®), kapena acetaminophen (Tylenol®).

Kodi ndidzachira msanga bwanji nditalandira chithandizo cha typhoid?

Ngati muyamba kulandira mankhwala opha maantibayotiki mwachangu, mudzayamba kumva bwino pakatha masiku ochepa. Zingatenge pafupifupi sabata imodzi mpaka masabata khumi kuti muchire bwino.

Kodi mungachepetse bwanji chiopsezo chotenga matenda a typhoid?

Njira yabwino yochepetsera chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda a typhoid ndikutenga katemera, kaya mukukhala kudera lomwe matenda a typhoid ndi ofala kapena ngati mukupita ku katemera wina. Pali katemera wakumwa ndi katemera wobayidwa jakisoni. Kutengera mtundu wa katemera amene mumalandira, muyenera kulandira katemerayu pafupifupi milungu iwiri musanapite.

Muyeneranso kusamala kuti mupewe kudya kapena kumwa chakudya chomwe chingadetsedwe ndi `S. Typhi` kapena mabakiteriya ena. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito kunyumba komanso mukamayenda. Njira zokonzekera chakudya mosamala zimaphatikizapo:

• Ngati mukudwala, musaphikire ena.
• Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino ndi sopo musanakonzekere chakudya, musanadye komanso mutagwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi.
• Tsukani ziwiya ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito pokonzekera ndi kudya chakudya bwino musanagwiritse ntchito komanso mutagwiritsa ntchito.
• Ngati mukukayikira ngati chakudya chomwe mukudya chili chotetezeka, idyani chakudya chophikidwa bwino kapena chopakidwa m'mabokosi nthawi iliyonse yomwe mungathe.
• Musamwe madzi osakonzedwa kapena kudya chakudya chokonzedwa ndi madzi osakonzedwa. Ngati mukukayikira, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a m'mabotolo pomwa ndi kuphika.

Tangoganizirani, mukupita paulendo waufupi ndi anzanu. Mukupita kukadya chinachake ku shopu. Panthawiyo, tengani kamphindi kuti muwone ngati malo ophikira chakudya ali oyera komanso ngati anthu omwe akutumikira chakudyacho akudera nkhawa za ukhondo. Ngakhale chitakhala chaching'ono, zidzakuthandizani kupewa vuto lalikulu.

Kodi mungayembekezere chiyani ngati mutadwala matenda a typhoid?

Kutengera momwe mumayambira chithandizo cha typhoid mwachangu, mutha kumva bwino patatha masiku ochepa mutayamba kumwa maantibayotiki. Chofunika kwambiri ndikumaliza mankhwala onse monga momwe mwalangizidwira, ngakhale mutayamba kumva bwino. Ngakhale zizindikiro zanu zitatha, mutha kufalitsa matendawa kwa ena.

Matenda a typhoid ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri. Ngati mulandira chithandizo mwamsanga, mwayi wokhala ndi mavuto aakulu umachepa.

Kubwereranso kwa matenda a typhoid

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi malungo a typhoid amatha kudwalanso akamaoneka kuti achira. Izi zimatchedwa "kubwereranso m'thupi." Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika pafupifupi sabata imodzi mutamaliza kumwa "mankhwala opha tizilombo." Koma nthawi zina zimatha kuchitika milungu kapena miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake. Zizindikiro zanu zitha kukhala zochepa kuposa momwe mudalili poyamba mutadwala typhoid.

Ngati zizindikiro zanu zibwerera, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Mungafunike kumwa mankhwala ena opha maantibayotiki.

Mavuto omwe amayamba chifukwa cha typhoid

Ngati matenda a typhoid sanalandire chithandizo choyenera, muli pachiwopsezo chotenga mavuto aakulu. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kutuluka magazi mkati.
• Kubowoka kwa matumbo (dzenje m'matumbo anu).
• Kutupa kapena kuphulika kwa ndulu.
• Zizindikiro za matenda a ubongo - kusokonezeka maganizo, kusokonezeka maganizo, kukomoka.
• Kutupa kuzungulira ubongo (meningitis).
• Matenda a bronchitis, chibayo, kapena mavuto ena a kupuma.
• Matenda a mafupa (osteomyelitis).
• Kutupa kwa minofu ya mtima.
• Kulephera kwa impso.
• Kutaya mimba.

Izi zingamveke zoopsa, koma kumbukirani kuti zinthu zambirizi zitha kupewedwa ndi chithandizo cham'mbuyomu.

Kodi matenda a typhoid amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Matenda a typhoid, ngati athandizidwa mwamsanga zizindikiro zikayamba, amatha masiku asanu ndi awiri mpaka khumi . Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, kapena ngati chithandizo chayamba mochedwa, zingatenge milungu itatu kapena kuposerapo. Ngati muli ndi mavuto kapena mutayambiranso, zingatenge nthawi yayitali kuti muchire bwino.

Kodi matenda a typhoid ndi oopsa?

Matenda a typhoid amatha kupha ngati sachiritsidwa mwachangu. Koma ndi mankhwala amakono, anthu ambiri amapulumuka ndikuchira mokwanira. Mwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri omwe amadwala typhoid chaka chilichonse, 1% mpaka 2% yokha ndi omwe amafa.

Kodi ndingabwerere liti kuntchito kapena kusukulu ndikachira matenda a typhoid?

Kutengera ndi komwe mumagwira ntchito, simungathe kubwerera kuntchito mpaka mutapezeka kuti mulibe kachilombo ka S. Typhi. Ngakhale mutamva bwino, mutha kupatsira wina matenda a typhoid. Funsani kuntchito kwanu kapena kusukulu zomwe muyenera kuchita musanabwererenso.

Kodi mungathe kufalitsa typhoid ngakhale mutachira?

Inde, mosiyana ndi matenda ena ambiri, mutha kufalitsabe typhoid zizindikiro zanu zitatha. Pafupifupi 5% ya anthu omwe achira typhoid amapitiriza kufalitsa matendawa kwa chaka chimodzi, kapena kupitirira apo. Anthu awa amatchedwa "onyamula matenda a nthawi yayitali." Mukachira, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyezetsa kuti muwonetsetse kuti simukufalitsa typhoid kwa wina aliyense.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji (nditachira)?

Mukachira ku matenda a typhoid, ndikofunikira kuonana ndi dokotala wanu kuti akuthandizeni. Muyenera kuyezetsa kuti muwonetsetse kuti simukudwalanso. Komanso, yang'anirani zizindikiro zilizonse za matendawo.

Ngati mwabwereranso ku matendawa, kapena ngati mudakali ndi kachilomboka, mungafunike chithandizo china cha maantibayotiki.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita liti kwa dokotala wanga za matenda a typhoid?

Ngati mumakhala m'dera lomwe matenda a typhoid amapezeka kwambiri, kapena mwapitako posachedwapa, ndipo muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a typhoid, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Mukalandira chithandizo mwachangu, m'pamenenso mumakhala ndi mwayi wochira msanga.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Pangozi (ETU) liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga:

• Malungo aakulu.
• Chimbudzi chakuda chodzaza ndi magazi kapena chochedwa.
• Kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba.
• Ngati mukutsokomola kapena kusanza ndi kutuluka magazi.
• Zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi dongosolo la mitsempha, monga chisokonezo kapena khunyu.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

• Kodi ndimwa bwanji mankhwala omwe ndinapatsidwa?
• Kodi ndingachite chiyani kuti ndithetse zizindikiro zanga kunyumba?
• Ndiyenera kukuonaninso liti?
• Kodi ndingatani kuti ndipewe kufalikira kwa typhoid kwa ena?
• Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe ndiyenera kuyang'ana ngati matendawa abwereranso?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuyezetsanso bwanji komanso liti ndikachira?
• Kodi anthu omwe ndimagwirizana nawo kwambiri ayenera kulandira katemera wa typhoid?

Kodi "Typhoid Mary" uyu ndi ndani?

Iyi ndi mbiri yakale pang'ono. Mary Mallon anali wophika ku New York kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1880. Sanali ndi matenda a typhoid fever, koma anali ndi zizindikiro zoti alibe matenda. Izi zikutanthauza kuti akanatha kufalitsa matendawa kwa ena. Chifukwa anali pachiwopsezo pa thanzi la anthu, boma la New York linamuika Mary m'ndende. Analetsedwa kugwira ntchito yophika.

Koma Mary sanamvetse momwe angafalitsire matenda popanda kudwala. Anapitiriza kugwira ntchito yophika atatha kuikidwa m'nyumba koyamba. Anapatsira anthu oposa 100 matenda a typhoid, zomwe zinapha anthu osachepera asanu. Akukhulupiriranso kuti anayambitsa mliri ku New York City womwe unapha anthu 3,000. Anaikidwa m'nyumba kachiwiri, kwa moyo wake wonse. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, anayamba kudziwika kuti "Typhoid Mary."

Kodi mayiko adathetsa bwanji matenda a typhoid?

Matenda a typhoid, omwe kale ankayambitsa miliri yoopsa, tsopano ndi osowa kwambiri m'malo ambiri, kuphatikizapo United States, Canada, Australia, ndi Western Europe. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha ukhondo wamakono. Ngakhale m'madera akumidzi, pali madzi ambiri oyera akumwa ndi kuphika.

Matenda a typhoid angaoneke ngati nkhani yakale, koma amadwalitsabe anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Kaya mukukhala m'dera lomwe typhoid ndi yofala kapena mukupita kudera lina, kulandira katemera ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera ku matendawa ndikufalitsa.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina muli ndi typhoid, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Ngati mwachira ku typhoid, kayezetseni kuti muwonetsetse kuti simukufalitsa matendawa kwa ena mosadziwa, monga "Typhoid Mary."

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, takambirana zambiri zokhudza matenda a typhoid. Pomaliza, nazi zinthu zina zoti muzikumbukira:

• Matenda a typhoid ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya ndipo amafalikira kudzera mu chakudya ndi madzi oipitsidwa.
• Ngati mukupeza zizindikiro monga kutentha thupi kwambiri, kupweteka m'mimba, kapena mutu , makamaka ngati mwakhalapo pamalo oopsa kwambiri, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
• Ndikofunikira kwambiri kumwa maantibayotiki nthawi yake komanso moyenera .
• Matenda angapewedwe mwa kukhala aukhondo (makamaka kusamba m'manja) komanso kusunga ukhondo wa chakudya ndi zakumwa .
• Ndi bwino kulandira katemera ngati mukupita kumadera kumene matenda a typhoid amapezeka kwambiri.
• Ngakhale mutachira, kayezetseni kuti muwonetsetse kuti simunafalitse matendawa kwa wina aliyense .

Ngati mutasamalira zinthu izi, mutha kukhala otetezeka ku matenda a typhoid ndikuteteza ena. Aliyense ayenera kukhala wathanzi!

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