Mankhwala a Khansa ya Chikhodzodzo: Zoyenera Kudziwa

Ngati mwapezeka ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo, ndi zachilendo kumva mantha kwambiri komanso kuda nkhawa nayo. Koma kumbukirani, tsopano pali njira zambiri zochizira izi. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za njira zochizira zimenezo. Dokotala wanu adzakuthandizani kusankha chithandizo chomwe chili chabwino kwa inu.

Kusankha chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kumadalira zinthu zingapo , kuphatikizapo zaka zanu, momwe khansa yafalikira (izi ndi zomwe madokotala amatcha "gawo" la khansa), ndi matenda ena omwe muli nawo .

Momwe mungadziwire kufalikira kwa khansa

Mwachidule, momwe khansa yafalikira ingagawidwe m'magulu atatu akuluakulu:

• Khansa ya pamwamba: Izi zikutanthauza kuti khansayo sinafalikire mpaka ku minofu ya khoma la chikhodzodzo chanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ili pamwamba pa minofu yokha.
• Khansa yolowa minofu: Pano, maselo a khansa afalikira mpaka ku minofu ya chikhodzodzo.
• Kupita Patsogolo Kapena Kufalikira kwa Matenda: Iyi ndi nthawi yopita patsogolo pomwe khansa yafalikira kupitirira chikhodzodzo, ku ma lymph nodes apafupi, kapena ku ziwalo zina, monga mapapo.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo amafunika opaleshoni. Koma nthawi zina opaleshoni yokha singathe kuchotsa matendawa kotheratu. Pankhaniyi, njira zina zochiritsira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi opaleshoni kapena m'malo mwake. Mwachitsanzo , chemotherapy, radiation, ndi immunotherapy zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Opaleshoni ya TURBT

Opaleshoni yodziwika kwambiri ya khansa ya chikhodzodzo yoyambirira imatchedwa transurethral resection of abdominal tumor (TURBT). Dzina lonse la izi ndi Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor. Mu njira iyi, madokotala amatenga zitsanzo za minofu kuchokera mkati mwa chikhodzodzo chanu kuti akaone ngati khansayo yafalikira. Kapena, angagwiritse ntchito njira iyi kuchotsa chotupacho.

Musanayambe opaleshoniyi, mungayesedwe magazi ndi X-ray pachifuwa kuti muwone ngati muli ndi thanzi labwino. Komabe, panthawi ya opaleshoniyi , palibe mabala omwe amapangidwa pakhungu lanu. Dokotala amalowa m'chikhodzodzo chanu kudzera mu urethra, chubu chomwe mkodzo umatulukira.

Musanachite opaleshoni, mudzapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu, omwe amakupangitsani kugona mokwanira, kapena mankhwala oletsa ululu m'dera linalake, omwe amangochepetsa ululu m'thupi lanu.

Dokotalayo amagwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera chotchedwa cystoscope. Ichi ndi chubu chopyapyala, chachitali, komanso chosinthasintha. Kumapeto kwake kuli kamera, kuwala, ndi chida chaching'ono chomwe chingadule ndikuchotsa khansa. Izi zimadutsa mu mkodzo kupita ku chikhodzodzo, ndipo kamera imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'ana mkati mwa chikhodzodzo. Mwanjira imeneyi, khansa kapena minofu imachotsedwa, ndipo kutentha kumayikidwa kuti magazi asiye kutuluka.

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, chubu chotchedwa catheter chidzayikidwa mu chikhodzodzo chanu. Izi zidzatulutsa mkodzo m'thumba. Mungafunike kuusunga kwa masiku angapo. Izi zingamveke zosasangalatsa pang'ono pambuyo poti mankhwala oletsa ululu atha. Amuna nthawi zina amatha kumva kupweteka kumapeto kwa mbolo yawo. Ngati izi zitachitika, uzani dokotala wanu kapena namwino. Gel yothandiza kupha ziwalo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandiza.

Anthu ambiri amapita kunyumba tsiku lomwelo la opaleshoni. Komabe, ngati chotupacho ndi chachikulu, mungafunike kukhala m'chipatala usiku wonse. Mutha kuwona magazi mumkodzo wanu kwa masiku atatu mutachita opaleshoni. Imwani magalasi osachepera 8-10 amadzi patsiku kuti mutulutse chikhodzodzo chanu. Izi zingathandizenso kupewa matenda.

Opaleshoni ya cystectomy

Pa opaleshoni iyi, dokotala amachotsa gawo la chikhodzodzo chanu (`Partial Cystectomy`) kapena chikhodzodzo chanu chonse (`Radical Cystectomy`).

• Kuchotsa Khansa Yochepa: Opaleshoni iyi ikhoza kuchitika ngati khansa yafalikira mpaka ku minofu ya chikhodzodzo koma ikadali yaying'ono.
• Kuchotsa Khansa Yaikulu: Ngati khansa ndi yayikulu kapena yafalikira m'malo angapo a chikhodzodzo, dokotalayo adzachotsa chikhodzodzo chonse ndi ma lymph nodes ozungulira. Ngati khansayo yafalikira kwambiri, ziwalo zoberekera zozungulira zitha kuchotsedwanso.
• Mwa akazi: chiberekero, khomo lachiberekero, gawo la nyini, mazira, ndi machubu a fallopian zimatha kuchotsedwa.
• Mwa amuna: Prostate gland ndi seminal vesicles zitha kuchotsedwa.

Mudzapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu chifukwa cha opaleshoniyi, kotero simudzamva kupweteka kulikonse. Mudzakhala m'chipatala kwa pafupifupi sabata imodzi mutachitidwa opaleshoniyi. Mudzatha kubwerera ku moyo wabwinobwino pakatha milungu ingapo.

Mankhwala ena akuluakulu

Kuwonjezera pa opaleshoni, pali njira zina zofunika kwambiri komanso zopambana zochiritsira.

Mankhwala aposachedwa komanso apamwamba kwambiri

Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya zamankhwala, njira zamakono zochiritsira khansa ya chikhodzodzo zatulukira.

Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy

Chomwe chimachita ndikugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo chanu chamthupi kuti chiukire khansa. Taganizirani ngati maselo athu a chitetezo chamthupi ali ndi 'malo owunikira'. Awa ndi malo omwe amatithandiza kuzindikira maselo abwinobwino ndi adani omwe tiyenera kulimbana nawo. Maselo a khansa ndi achinyengo kwambiri, amalumikizana ndi malo owunikira awa ndikunyenga chitetezo chamthupi kuti chiganize kuti, 'Ndili m'modzi mwa inu, musandiukire.' Chifukwa chake mankhwala a ``Checkpoint Inhibitor`` awa amachita ndikuletsa chinyengo chimenecho. Kenako chitetezo chamthupi chimatha kuzindikira ndikuwukira maselo a khansa. Zitsanzo zina ndi mankhwala monga ``Atezolizumab``, ``Nivolumab``, ``Pembrolizumab```.

Chithandizo Cholunjika

Izi zimaphatikizapo kupereka mankhwala omwe amayang'ana kusintha kwa majini (kusintha kwa majini) komwe kumapezeka m'maselo a khansa okha. Izi zimapangitsa kuti maselo athanzi asawonongeke kwambiri. Chitsanzo ndi mtundu wa mankhwala otchedwa FGFR inhibitors.

Chithandizo cha Majini

Uwu ndi mankhwala atsopano pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa majini. Angalandiridwe kwa odwala ena omwe sanapambane ndi chithandizo cha BCG. Mankhwala monga `Nadofaragene firadenovec (Adstiladrin)` amagwira ntchito poika jini yolimbana ndi khansa mwachindunji mu chikhodzodzo ndikulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.

Kodi tiphunzirenso za mayeso azachipatala?

Asayansi ndi madokotala nthawi zonse amafufuza mankhwala atsopano komanso othandiza kwambiri komanso mankhwala ochizira khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Mankhwala atsopanowa amafunika kuyesedwa kuti aone ngati ali otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito bwino asanaperekedwe kwa odwala. Kafukufuku wamtunduwu amatchedwa mayeso azachipatala.

Odwala ena amaopa kutenga nawo mbali, poganiza kuti sadzalandira chithandizo chilichonse. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti, mu mayeso azachipatala, wodwala amalandira chithandizo chabwino kwambiri chomwe chilipo, kapena chithandizo chabwino kwambiri chomwe chingakhalepo mtsogolo. Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yodziwira ngati chithandizo chatsopano chili bwino kuposa chithandizo chomwe chilipo kale.

"Nthawi zonse funsani dokotala wanu wa khansa za mwayi woyesera matenda," katswiriyo akulangiza. "Imeneyo ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira za mankhwala atsopano."