Kodi mudamvapo za matenda otuluka magazi m'thupi (VHFs)? Tiyeni tikambirane za vuto loopsali!

Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo kuti mukakhala ndi malungo, mutha kutuluka magazi m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi lanu? Mwina munamvapo za malungo a dengue. Dengue ilinso m'gulu la malungo a mavairasi omwe angayambitse kutuluka magazi. Izi ndi zomwe timazitcha azachipatala kuti `(Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers)` kapena `(VHFs)` . Popeza izi zitha kukhala zoopsa pang'ono, tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane komanso lero.

Kodi "Matenda a Viral Hemorrhagic Fever" kwenikweni ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, `(Matenda a Kutuluka Magazi Ochokera ku Kachilombo)` ndi gulu la matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi. Mavairasi amenewa akalowa m'thupi mwathu, amawononga mitsempha yathu yamagazi. Izi zimasokoneza magazi athu kuundana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amasiya kutuluka magazi akayamba. Taganizirani ngati kutuluka kwa madzi mu chitoliro, ndipo magazi amayamba kutuluka m'mitsempha yathu yamagazi. Nthawi zina zimayamba ngati zazing'ono, koma ngati sizikuchiritsidwa bwino, zimatha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri moti zimatha kupha. Komabe, si `(VHF)` zonse zomwe zimakhala zoopsa mofanana. Zina mwa izo zimayambitsa zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine wamba. Koma zina ndizoopsa kwambiri.

Kodi mitundu iyi ya `(Malungo Otuluka Magazi Ochokera ku Kachilombo)` ndi iti?

Pali matenda angapo omwe ali m'gululi otchedwa ``Viral Hemorrhagic Fever''. Mwina munamvapo za ena mwa matenda amenewa.

• Matenda a Dengue: Uwu ndi matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amakambidwa m'dziko lathu ndipo amakhudza anthu ambiri. Amafalikira ndi udzudzu.
• Matenda a Ebola (EVD): Mwina munamvapo kuti izi ndi zoopsa kwambiri. Ndi zofala kwambiri m'maiko aku Africa.
• Matenda a Marburg virus (MVD): Matendawa ndi oopsa ngati Ebola ndipo amapezeka kwambiri ku Africa.
• Matenda a Lassa: Izi zimawonekeranso m'chigawo cha Africa.
• Matenda a yellow fever: Palinso katemera wa matenda amenewa. Amapezeka kwambiri ku Africa ndi South America.
• Matenda a magazi ochokera ku Crimean-Congo (CCHF): Uwu ndi matenda ofalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa omwe amapezeka m'madera ena a Asia, Africa, ndi Europe.
• Matenda a m'mapapo a Hantavirus: Izi zimafalikira ndi nyama monga makoswe. Zimapezeka kwambiri ku America.

Pali ena ambiri ofanana ndi awa. Si onse omwe amafalikira mofanana, komanso onse si oopsa mofanana.

Kodi `(Matenda a Viral Hemorrhagic Fever)` amenewa amapezeka kuti kwambiri?

Matenda a `(Viral Hemorrhagic Fever)` awa sapezeka mofanana kulikonse padziko lapansi. Mtundu uliwonse wa `(VHF)` umafalikira m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.

• Africa: Matenda monga Ebola, Marburg, Lassa fever, ndi yellow fever ndi ofala, makamaka ku West ndi Central Africa, komanso m'maiko ngati Uganda.
• Central ndi South America: Pali matenda monga yellow fever, dengue fever, ndi hantavirus.
• Asia:Matenda a dengue ndi matenda aakulu m'dera lathu, komanso amapezeka m'maiko ena, monga matenda a magazi ochokera ku Crimea kupita ku Congo.
• Zilumba za Pacific: Matenda monga dengue amatha kuwoneka.

Komabe, m'maiko monga United States, Canada, ndi Europe, mitundu ikuluikulu ya ma VHF imayambitsidwa ndi ma Hantavirus. Ma Hantavirus awa ndi a m'banja la ma virus a Bunyavirus. Ma virus awa amayambitsa matenda otchedwa Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome ku United States komanso malungo otuluka magazi omwe ali ndi vuto la impso ku Europe.

Choncho, ngati mukupita kudziko lomwe matenda amenewa ndi ofala kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuwadziwa ndikuchitapo kanthu koyenera kuti mutetezeke.

Kodi zizindikiro za `(Malungo Otuluka Magazi Ochokera ku Kachilombo)` ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za ``(VHFs)`` izi zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi nkhani. Komabe, kumayambiriro, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino, monga chimfine cha kachilombo.

• Malungo: Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi kuyamba kwa malungo mwadzidzidzi.
• Kupweteka kwa thupi: Kumva ngati thupi lanu lonse likupweteka. Minofu ndi mafupa zimatha kupweteka.
• Chizungulire: Kumva ngati mutu wako ukuzungulira, nthawi zina mpaka kufika poti sungathe ngakhale kuimirira.
• Kutopa: Kumva kutopa kwambiri moti sungathe kuchita chilichonse.
• Mutu: Mutu waukulu ukhoza kuchitika.
• Matuza pakhungu: Matuza ofiira kapena mitundu ina ya mabala kapena mawanga angawonekere pathupi.

Izi ndi zizindikiro zoyamba kuwonekera. Komabe, ngati matendawa afika poipa kwambiri, matendawa amatha kukhala oopsa kwambiri. Kenako zizindikiro monga:

• Kutuluka magazi m'mphuno, m'maso, m'kamwa, kapena m'chikazi.
• Kusanza kwambiri kapena kutsegula m'mimba: Kusanza ndi kutsegula m'mimba nthawi zina kungaphatikizepo magazi.
• Kusanza magazi.
• Kutsegula m'mimba ndi magazi.
• Kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa, pakhosi, kapena m'mimba.
• Kuvuta kupuma.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi kotsika kwambiri .
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu .
• Chikomokere .

Ngati zizindikiro zazikuluzi zikuwonekera, kugonekedwa kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo n'kofunika, chifukwa izi zitha kupha munthu.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa `(Malungo Otuluka Magazi Ochokera ku Kachilombo)`?

Madokotala sakumvetsabe bwino momwe kachilombo ka hemorrhagic fever kamayambukitsira magazi ochuluka chonchi. Koma akuganiza kuti kachilomboka kamawononga mitsempha yathu yamagazi (mitsempha yamagazi) . Kenako, magazi amayamba kutuluka, kapena "kutuluka," kuchokera m'mitsempha yamagazi imeneyo.

Komanso, mavairasi amenewa amasokoneza njira yathu yotsekerera magazi.. Kawirikawiri, tikavulala kwinakwake ndikutuluka magazi, magaziwo amaundana pakapita kanthawi kenako n’kusiya? Izi ndi zomwe mavairasi amenewa amasokoneza. Kenako, ngakhale bala laling'ono silingathe kuletsa kutuluka magazi. Kutuluka magazi kungayambe m'thupi mofanana. Tangoganizirani, izi zili ngati kulephera kuzimitsa pompo ya madzi.

Zifukwa ziwirizi zikagwirizana, magazi ambiri amayamba kutuluka ndipo vutoli limakhala loopsa.

Ndi mitundu iti ya mavairasi yomwe imayambitsa `(VHF)`?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mavairasi omwe angayambitse `(Malungo Otuluka Magazi Ochokera ku Kachilombo)`. Tingathe makamaka kulankhula za magulu anayi:

• Mavairasi a Arena: Gulu la mavairasi awa limayambitsa matenda monga malungo a Lassa.
• Ma Filovirus: Mavairasi awa amayambitsa matenda oopsa monga Ebola ndi Marburg.
• Mavairasi a Bunya: Matenda a malungo a magazi ochokera ku Crimea ndi Congo ndi matenda a hantavirus ali m'gululi.
• Ma flavivirus: Gulu la ma virus amenewa limayambitsa matenda monga dengue fever ndi yellow fever.

Koma chinthu chimodzi choyenera kukumbukira. Si mavairasi onse m'magulu awa a mavairasi omwe amayambitsa matenda otuluka magazi (matenda otuluka magazi). Mwachitsanzo, mwina munamvapo za kachilombo ka `(Zika)`. Komanso kali m'gulu la `(Flavivirus)`. Komabe, kachilombo ka `(Zika)` sikamayambitsa kutuluka magazi powononga mitsempha yamagazi monga `(VHFs)`.

Kodi `(Matenda a Viral Hemorrhagic Fever)` amenewa amafalikira bwanji?

Mavairasi omwe amayambitsa malungo otuluka magazi amafalikira m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Si onse omwe amafalikira m'njira yofanana. Tiyeni tiwone njira zazikulu zomwe amafalikira:

• Kulumidwa ndi udzudzu: Umu ndi momwe matenda monga dengue ndi yellow fever amafalira. Ndicho chifukwa chake nthawi zonse timanena kuti tidziteteze ku udzudzu ndikusunga chilengedwe chili choyera.
• Kuluma ndi nkhupakupa: Matenda monga Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever amafalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa.
• Kukhudza madzi a m'thupi la munthu wodwala: Ndiko kuti, pamene chinthu monga magazi, mkodzo, ndowe, malovu, mkaka wa m'mawere, umuna, kapena utsi wochokera ku nyini wa munthu wodwala matendawo walowa m'thupi la munthu wathanzi. Matenda monga Ebola amatha kufalikira motere.
• Kukhudzana ndi madzi a m'thupi la nyama yodwala: ``(VHF)`` zina zimatha kufalikira kuchokera ku nyama monga makoswe, anyani, ng'ombe, ndi mileme ya zipatso. Zimafalikira kudzera m'ndowe, mkodzo, ndi malovu a nyamazo. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo Hantavirus ndi Lassa fever.

Choncho, kuti mudziteteze ku matenda amenewa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa njira zopatsirana matendawa.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a `(VHFs)`?

Chiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka malungo a magazi (VHF) kamasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa kachilomboka. Koma kawirikawiri, chiopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu pang'ono kwa anthu otsatirawa:

• Kwa iwo omwe amakhala kapena kupita kumayiko komwe VHF imapezeka kwambiri: Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene akupita kumadera ena a ku Africa akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda monga Ebola.
• Kwa iwo omwe amakumana ndi nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilombo ka `(VHF)`:Chiwopsezochi chilipo kwa iwo omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo omwe kuli nyama monga makoswe ndi mileme, kapena kwa iwo omwe amasunga nyama izi ngati ziweto (m'maiko ena).
• Omwe amachiza kapena kusamalira odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka `(VHF)`: Ogwira ntchito zachipatala ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amagwiritsa ntchito zovala zapadera zodzitetezera `(Zida Zodzitetezera - PPE).`

Chinthu china chapadera ndi chakuti ngati amayi apakati ali ndi "(VHF)" inayake, amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda aakulu komanso zovuta zina.

Kodi mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha `(VHFs)` ndi ati?

"(Ma VHF)" awa si matenda oseweretsa. Ngati sanachiritsidwe bwino, angayambitse mavuto aakulu omwe angakhale oopsa kwa moyo.

• Kutaya mimba, kubadwa ndi kulemera kochepa, kapena kubadwa msanga: Chiwopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu makamaka ngati mayi wapakati ali ndi VHF.
• Kutupa (Kutupa): Ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi, makamaka mapapo, zimatha kutupa.
• Kugwedezeka: Matenda omwe kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatsika kwambiri ndipo ziwalo za thupi sizilandira magazi okwanira. Izi ndi zoopsa kwambiri.
• Kutuluka magazi mkati mwa thupi: Kutuluka magazi komwe kumayamba m'thupi mwanjira yosaoneka. Izi zimaikanso moyo pachiswe.

Chifukwa cha mavuto aakulu amenewa, ndikofunikira kuchiza matenda amenewa mwachangu.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji `(Malungo Otuluka Magazi Ochokera ku Kachilombo)`?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za (VHF), makamaka ngati mwapita kudera lomwe matendawa ndi ofala, dokotala angakuganizireni akakuonani. Koma zizindikiro zokha sizingakuuzeni bwino lomwe kuti matendawa ndi otani.

Choncho, madokotala adzayesa zitsanzo za madzi amthupi lanu kuti aone ngati pali zizindikiro zilizonse za kachilomboka. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo mayeso monga:

• Kuyezetsa magazi: Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yoyezetsera magazi. Ikhoza kuyang'ana zinthu zambiri, monga ngati pali kachilombo m'magazi, ngati pali mavuto okhudza magazi, komanso ngati chiwindi kapena impso zakhudzidwa.
• Kuyesa chitsanzo cha pakhosi: Kuyesa chitsanzo chotengedwa pakhosi.
• Kusanthula mkodzo: Chitsanzo cha mkodzo chimayesedwa.
• Kuboola msana/kupopera msana: Izi sizimachitika kawirikawiri, pokhapokha ngati pali kukayikira kuti ubongo kapena msana wakhudzidwa.

Madokotala amapanga matenda molondola kutengera zotsatira za mayesowa.

Kodi `(Matenda a Viral Hemorrhagic Fever)` amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Mwatsoka, palibe mankhwala enieni a `(Malungo Otuluka Magazi Ochokera ku Kachilombo)` ambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, palibe mankhwala a `(VHF)` onse omwe amawononga kachilomboka kwathunthu.

Komabe, mankhwala ena a VHF amafunika chithandizo cha mavairasi.Pali. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala otchedwa `(Ribavirin)` amaperekedwa pa matenda a Lassa fever ndi ena `(VHFs)`. Pali `(mankhwala a monoclonal antibody)` monga `(Inmazeb®)` ndi `(Ebanga™)` omwe avomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa matenda a Ebola.

Nthawi zambiri, ogwira ntchito zachipatala amaganizira kwambiri za kuchepetsa zizindikiro zanu ndikusunga thupi lanu kukhala lolimba. Izi zingaphatikizepo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga:

• Mpweya wowonjezera kapena mpweya wopumira wamakina: Ngati pali vuto lopuma.
• Madzi olowa m'mitsempha (IV): Zinthu monga saline zimaperekedwa ngati thupi latha madzi m'thupi kapena ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kuli kotsika.
• Mankhwala oletsa zizindikiro: Mankhwala amaperekedwa pa zinthu monga malungo, ululu, ndi nseru.

Chofunika kwambiri ndikupempha upangiri kwa dokotala zizindikiro zikangoyamba kuonekera, ndipo ngati pakufunika, kupita kuchipatala. Chithandizo chikayamba msanga, mavuto ochepa amatha kuchepa.

Kodi `(VHFs)` ingapewedwe?

Inde, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe tingachite kuti tidziteteze ku `(VHFs)`. Amati 'kupewa kuli bwino kuposa kuchiza'.

• Kulandira katemera: Pali katemera wa matenda angapo, kuphatikizapo malungo achikasu, dengue, ndi Ebola. Komabe, katemerayu saperekedwa kwa aliyense m'dziko lililonse. Amaperekedwa kutengera chiopsezo cha matendawa m'dziko limenelo kapena dera lomwe mukupita. Musanapite kudera lomwe lili ndi chiopsezo cha VHF, funsani dokotala wanu kapena mkulu wa zaumoyo ngati mukufuna kulandira katemera aliyense.
• Pewani kulumidwa ndi tizilombo: Dzitetezeni, makamaka ku udzudzu ndi nkhupakupa.
• Valani zovala zophimba thupi lanu, monga mathalauza aatali ndi malaya a manja aatali.
• Gwiritsani ntchito maukonde oteteza udzudzu, makamaka mukagona usiku.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opopera tizilombo kuti muchotse udzudzu ndi nkhupakupa.
• Pewani kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi makoswe, mileme, ndi nyama zina zomwe zingathe kunyamula (VHF). Samalaninso mukamayeretsa malo omwe nyamazi zasiya ndowe zawo.
• Pewani kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi magazi a anthu ndi madzi amthupi. Ngati mukusamalira munthu amene mukuganiza kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka malungo otuluka magazi, onetsetsani kuti mwavala zida zoyenera zodzitetezera (magolovesi, magalasi oteteza ku matenda, ma epuloni, ndi zophimba nkhope). Izi ndizofunikira, pa chitetezo chanu komanso kupewa kufalikira kwa matendawa kwa ena.

Popeza dengue yafala kwambiri m'dziko lathu, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tonsefe tithandizire pakuwongolera udzudzu. Mwa kuchotsa madzi osayenda m'nyumba ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othamangitsa udzudzu, tingadziteteze osati ku dengue yokha komanso matenda ena ambiri ofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndikadwala `(Viral Hemorrhagic Fever)`?

Ngati muli ndi ``(VHF)'' ndipo zizindikiro zanu ndi zazikulu, dokotala wanu mwina adzakusungani kuchipatala kuti akuthandizeni. Izi ndi cholinga chowongolera zizindikiro zanu ndikuchiza mavuto aliwonse omwe angabuke mwachangu.

Nthawi zina, mungasiyanitsidwe ndi odwala ena ndikuyikidwa mu chipinda chapadera (chipinda chodzipatula) kuti kachilomboka kasafalikire kwa ena. Izi ndi za chitetezo chanu ndi chitetezo cha ena. Palibe chodetsa nkhawa, ndi njira yachibadwa.

Kodi malungo otuluka magazi angachiritsidwe?

Inde, ndithudi. Mitundu yochepa ya malungo otuluka magazi imatha kuchiritsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, matenda monga malungo a Lassa, malungo a dengue, ndi malungo achikasu nthawi zambiri amayambitsa zizindikiro zochepa. Komabe, matenda oopsa awa amatha kupha. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupeza chithandizo msanga.

Komabe, mitundu ina ya malungo otuluka magazi, monga Marburg ndi Ebola , nthawi zambiri imapha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati mutadwala matendawa, mumakhala ndi mwayi wofa.

Kodi chiŵerengero cha imfa chifukwa cha malungo otuluka magazi ndi chotani?

Chiŵerengero cha imfa chifukwa cha malungo otuluka magazi chimasiyana malinga ndi kachilomboka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, si ma VHF onse omwe ndi oopsa mofanana.

• Mwachitsanzo, Marburg ndi Ebola ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri okhudza kutuluka magazi. Matendawa ali ndi chiwerengero cha imfa choposa 40%, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti anthu oposa anayi mwa khumi omwe amadwala matendawa amafa.
• Komabe, matenda monga Lassa fever kapena dengue fever amapha anthu pafupifupi 1% okha . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, munthu m'modzi pa anthu zana aliwonse omwe amadwala matendawa.

Ziwerengero izi zikusonyeza momwe `(VHF)` zina zilili zoopsa, pomwe zina sizili zoopsa kwenikweni. Komabe, `(VHF)` iliyonse siyenera kuonedwa mopepuka.

Kodi ndiyenera kupeza upangiri wa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukukhala m'dera lomwe VHF ndi yofala kwambiri, kapena mwapitako posachedwapa kudera lotere, kapena ngati muli ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingakuike pachiwopsezo (monga kugwira ntchito ndi ziweto), pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati mukuyamba zizindikiro.

Dokotala adzakuuzani momwe muyenera kudzisamalira komanso ngati mukufuna thandizo lina. Kungakhale kutentha thupi kwachibadwa, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa ngati ndi (VHF).

Kodi ndiyenera kupita ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Pangozi (ETU) liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa izi, pitani ku chipinda chapafupi chadzidzidzi nthawi yomweyo. Mukapita, uzani ogwira ntchito kuti mukukayikira kuti mwina muli ndi `(VHF)`.

• Kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa, pakhosi, kapena m'mimba.
• Kuvuta kupuma.
• Kusanza kwambiri kapena kutsegula m'mimba (makamaka ngati pali magazi).
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu .
• Kusokonezeka ( kulankhula mopanda nzeru, kumva ngati simukudziwa).

Zizindikiro ngati izi zimasonyeza kuti vutoli ndi lalikulu. Choncho chinthu chabwino kuchita ndikupita kuchipatala mwachangu osawononga nthawi.

Kodi ndifunse dokotala wanga chiyani?

Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi (VHF) kapena mwapezeka ndi matendawa, zingakhale zothandiza kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso monga awa:

• Kodi ndingapewe bwanji kufalikira kwa kachilomboka? (Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani kuti ndipewe kupatsira ena kachilomboka?)
• Kodi ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe ndili nazo?
• Kodi ndiyenera kudzisamalira bwanji? (Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani kunyumba, ndiyenera kudya chiyani/ndiyenera kusadya chiyani, ndi zina zotero)
• Kodi zinditengera nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti ndichire?
• Ndi zizindikiro ziti zatsopano kapena zoipitsitsa zomwe ndiyenera kuyang'anitsitsa?
• Ndiyenera kubweranso liti kudzakuonaninso? (Kuti munditsatire)

Kuwonjezera pa mafunso awa, musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za kukayikira kulikonse kapena mantha omwe mungakhale nawo. Iwo alipo kuti akuthandizeni.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, ndikukhulupirira kuti tsopano mwamvetsa bwino za `(Matenda a Kutuluka Magazi Ochokera ku Kachilombo - VHFs)` omwe tidakambirana lero. Izi ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri omwe amafunika kusamalidwa, ndipo nthawi zina amatha kukhala oopsa kwambiri. Komabe, matenda oopsa kwambiri ndi osowa kwambiri.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi chidziwitso ndi chitetezo.

Ngati muli pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda (VHF) chifukwa cha ntchito yanu, zosangalatsa zanu, kapena malo omwe mumayenda, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kuti mudziwe momwe mungadzitetezere. Iye angakulangizeni ngati pali katemera, njira zina zodzitetezera, komanso zomwe mungachite ngati zizindikiro zayamba.

M'dziko lathu, matenda a dengue ndi matenda ofala kwambiri m'gulu la ``(VHF)```. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tonse tigwire ntchito limodzi kuti tidziteteze ku udzudzu. Mwa kusunga minda yathu ndi malo ozungulira ali aukhondo, tingadziteteze ku matenda ambiri otere.

Musachite mantha, koma nthawi zonse khalani osamala! Kusamalira thanzi lanu ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.

Malungo a Kutuluka Magazi Ochokera ku Viral , Ma VHF, Dengue, Ebola, Zizindikiro, Kupewa