Tonsefe tili ndi chidziwitso chathu cha majini chomwe chimasungidwa mkati mwa maselo a matupi athu. Zili ngati mabuku mu laibulale yayikulu. Mabuku awa timawatcha ma chromosome. Timakula ndi theka kuchokera kwa amayi athu ndi theka kuchokera kwa abambo athu. Koma taganizirani, nthawi zina masamba awiri a mabuku awa amang'ambika, ndipo tsamba kuchokera m'buku limodzi limamatirira ku lina, ndipo tsamba kuchokera m'buku lina limamatirira ku bukuli. Umu ndi momwe timatchulira translocation mu zamankhwala pamene zigawo za ma chromosome awiri zimasweka ndikusinthana. Musachite mantha mukamva dzina ili. Anthu ambiri akhoza kukhala nalo, ndipo mwina sakudziwa nkomwe. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chilidi.
Kodi kusintha kwa majini kumeneku kotchedwa Translocation ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, kusamuka kwa maselo ndi kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka ma chromosome. Izi zimachitika pamene chidutswa cha chromosome imodzi chimasweka ndikulumikizana ndi chromosome ina. Nthawi zina, chidutswa chosweka cha chromosome yachiwiri chingagwirizanenso ndi choyamba.
Mkati mwa nucleus ya selo lililonse la thupi lathu, muli ma chromosome awiriawiri 23. Ndi ma chromosome onse 46. Mwa awa, ma chromosome awiriawiri amalamulira makhalidwe ena onse a thupi (ma autosome), pomwe awiri omaliza amasankha jenda lathu (ma chromosome a X ndi Y).
Kusamutsa kungagawidwe m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:
1. Kusamutsana kwa Ma chromosome: Apa ndi pamene magawo a ma chromosome awiri osiyana amasinthidwa. Tangoganizirani chidutswa cha chromosome 7 chikusamutsidwira ku chromosome 21, ndipo chidutswa cha chromosome 21 chikusamutsidwira ku chromosome 7.
2. Kusamutsidwa kwa Robertsonian: Apa ndi pamene chromosome imodzi imalumikizana kwathunthu ndi chromosome ina.
Tsopano pali chinthu china chofunikira. Ngati magawo awa asinthidwa, koma palibe chidziwitso cha majini chomwe chatayika kapena kupezeka, timachitcha Balanced Translocation . Munthu amene ali ndi izi nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi mavuto azaumoyo. Komabe, ngati chidziwitso china cha majini chatayika kapena kupezeka chifukwa cha kusinthaku, timachitcha Unbalanced Translocation . Pamenepo ndi pomwe mavuto osiyanasiyana azaumoyo amayamba kubuka.
Kodi ndi kusintha kwa maselo? Kusintha kwina komwe kungachitike mu ma chromosome
Kupatula pa kusamuka kwa maselo, palinso kusintha kwina komwe kungachitike mu kapangidwe ka ma chromosome. Izi zingasokonezenso njira yopangira mapuloteni m'thupi lathu ndikukhudza magwiridwe antchito a maselo ndi minofu. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.
| Mtundu wa kusintha | Zimene zimachitika basi |
|---|---|
| Kuchotsa | Gawo la chromosome limasweka ndikuchotsedwa. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti majini ofunikira angapo kapena mazana ambiri awonongeke m'thupi. |
| Kubwerezabwereza | Gawo la chromosome limakopedwa kawiri modabwitsa, zomwe zimapatsa chidziwitso chochuluka cha majini. |
| Kutembenuza (kutembenuza gawo lina mbali ina) | Chromosome imasweka m'malo awiri, kenako gawolo limatembenuka ndikugwiranso ntchito. |
| Zosintha zina zovuta | Kusintha kovuta kwambiri kungachitike, monga ma isochromosome (ma chromosome okhala ndi manja awiri ofanana) ndi ma chromosome ozungulira (ma chromosome opangidwa ngati mphete). |
Kodi kusamutsa kumeneku n’kofunika liti?
M'thupi mwathu muli maselo mamiliyoni ambiri. Ngati selo limodzi mwa maselowa lisintha chonchi, silidzakhudzidwa kwambiri. Selo limenelo mwina lidzafa pakapita nthawi.
Komabe, kusamuka kumeneku ndi kofunikira kwambiri ngati kukuchitika mu dzira la mayi (dzira), umuna wa bambo (umuna), kapena selo loyamba lopangidwa ndi mgwirizano wa awiriwa (zygote).
Tangoganizirani, selo limodzi limenelo limagawanika ndikupanga mwana wathunthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti selo lililonse m'thupi la mwana limakhala ndi malo osinthira. Pamenepo ndi pamene matenda osiyanasiyana amachitika chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa chidziwitso cha majini.
Nthawi zina kusintha kumeneku kumachitika mwana akangotenga pakati. Kenako maselo ena m'thupi amakhala abwinobwino ndipo maselo ena amatha kukhala ndi malo osinthira. Timatcha izi kuti Mosaicism .
Tiyeni tione chitsanzo chenicheni.
Kuti timvetse bwino izi, tiyeni titenge chitsanzo. Tangoganizani kuti pali munthu, tiyeni timutche Sunil. Sunil alibe matenda aliwonse, ali ndi thanzi labwino. Koma ngati tiyang'ana majini ake, ali ndi translocation yolinganizika pakati pa ma chromosome ake a 7 ndi 21. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ziwalo zasinthidwa, koma ali ndi chidziwitso chonse chofunikira cha majini m'thupi lake. Chifukwa chake, alibe vuto lililonse.
Vuto limabwera mwana akapangidwa. Pamene umuna upangidwa m'thupi la Sunil, ma chromosome amasiyana. Apa, mwatsoka, umuna wina ukhoza kunyamula chromosome yachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi chidutswa cha 21 cholumikizidwa m'malo mwa chromosome yachisanu ndi chiwiri. Nthawi yomweyo, chromosome yachibadwa ya 21 imathanso kupita ku umuna umenewo.
Tsopano, chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati umuna uwu ugwirizana ndi dzira lathanzi ndipo mwana wabadwa? Mayi amalandira chromosome imodzi ya 21. Bambo (Sunil) amalandira chromosome yachibadwa ya 21 komanso gawo la chromosome ya 21 lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi chromosome 7. Kenako, maselo a mwana amakhala ndi zidziwitso zitatu za majini zokhudzana ndi chromosome 21. Ndicho chimene timachitcha Down syndrome .
Kodi mukumvetsa momwe munthu amene ali ndi translocation yolinganizidwa bwino angakhalire ndi mwana amene translocation yolinganizidwa bwino, ngakhale atakhala kuti alibe zizindikiro?
Matenda omwe angayambitsidwe ndi kusamutsidwa kwa ziwalo zina
Pali matenda ambiri omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kusamutsidwa kwa dzira.
| Matenda | Ma chromosome ogwirizana nthawi zambiri ndi kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Matenda a Down | Vutoli nthawi zambiri limayamba chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa makope atatu a chromosome 21 m'malo mwa awiri (Trisomy 21). Komabe, milandu yochepa imayamba chifukwa cha kusamuka kwa maselo. Chofala kwambiri ndi kusinthana kwa maselo 14 ndi 21. Ana awa amatha kukhala ndi mavuto mumtima, m'mimba, komanso msana. |
| Matenda a Leukemia Osatha (CML) | Uwu ndi mtundu wa khansa ya m'magazi. Imayamba chifukwa cha kusamuka pakati pa ma chromosome 9 ndi 22. Chromosome yatsopano ya 22 yomwe imapanga chifukwa chake imatchedwa chromosome ya Philadelphia.Izi zimapangitsa kuti enzyme yosadziwika bwino ipangidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo a khansa akule mosalamulirika. |
| Lymphoma ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'magazi | Kusamutsana pakati pa ma chromosome ena, monga ma chromosome 8 ndi 11, kungayambitsenso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ya m'magazi ndi lymphoma. |
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kusamutsa kwa dzira kungakhale kopanda vuto (koyenera), kapena kungayambitse matenda aakulu (osakwanira).
- Ngati mwasamutsidwa bwino, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Mavuto okhawo omwe mungakhale nawo ndi akakhala ndi ana.
- Matendawa angachokere kwa makolo, kapena angayambe mwatsopano panthawi yoyembekezera.
- Palibe "mankhwala" a kusamutsidwa kwa maselo, chifukwa kumapezeka mu selo lililonse m'thupi. Komabe, matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kusamutsidwako amatha kuchiritsidwa.
- Iyi si matenda opatsirana. Mutha kucheza ndi ena, kugonana, ndikupereka magazi popanda mantha.
- Ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi matenda obadwa nawo, kapena ngati muli ndi kukayikira kapena mafunso okhudza izi, chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikuwona dokotala wanu kapena dokotala wanu ndikukambirana za matendawa.
💬 Comments (0)
Palibe ndemanga zomwe zatumizidwa pano. Onjezani ndemanga yanu pano koyamba.
Onjezani ndemanga yanu