Kodi mukudziwa momwe moyo wanu umakhalira? Tiyeni tikambirane za magawo 8 a chitukuko cha Erikson

Pamene tonse tikukula, umunthu wathu, makhalidwe athu, ndi kaganizidwe kathu zimasintha kwambiri, sichoncho? Sitili ofanana ndi momwe tinaliri tili ana. Sitili ofanana ndi momwe tinaliri tili ana, koma tili pakati pa zaka. Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe kusinthaku kumachitikira? Katswiri wa zamaganizo waku Germany dzina lake Erik Erikson wapereka kufotokozera kwabwino kwambiri pankhaniyi. Anati timadutsa magawo 8 akuluakulu m'miyoyo yathu kuyambira kubadwa mpaka kufa. Mu gawo lililonse la magawowa, timakumana ndi mtundu wina wa "mkangano wamaganizo." Njira yomwe timagonjetsera mkanganowo ndiyo imamanga umunthu wathu, kutanthauza kuti, ndife ndani.

Kodi magawo 8 a chitukuko cha Erikson ndi ati?

Mwachidule, chiphunzitso cha Erikson chikusonyeza kuti kudziona kwathu kukhala munthu weniweni kumakula pang'onopang'ono m'miyoyo yathu yonse kudzera m'magawo 8 awa. Sikuti gawo limodzi limatha ndipo lina limayamba, koma m'malo mwake magawo awa ndi ogwirizana, ndipo zomwe zatsala pagawo limodzi zingakhudze gawo lotsatira.

Tangoganizani, pali mwana wamng'ono, ngati akumva manyazi kapena kukayikira za luso lake, kumverera kumeneko sikuthera pamenepo. Ngakhale akapita ku magawo ena a moyo, malingaliro amenewo angapitirire kukhudza umunthu wake. Pakadali pano, amadutsa magawo ena.

Tiyeni tiwone bwino lomwe magawo 8 awa.

Tiyeni tsopano tiwone magawo awa mwatsatanetsatane chimodzi ndi chimodzi.

Gawo lililonse mwa magawowa lili ngati njerwa zomwe zili pamaziko a nyumba. Munthu wamphamvu amamangidwa poika chimodzi pamwamba pa chinzake.

Gawo 1: Ubwana (kubadwa mpaka miyezi 18) - Kudalirana ndi Kusakhulupirirana

Tangoganizirani mwana wamng'ono akabadwa... sakumvetsa chilichonse chokhudza dziko lino. Amadalira kwambiri amayi ake, abambo ake kapena omusamalira. Mwana akamalira chifukwa cha njala kapena chifukwa cha kusasangalala kwina, mukamugwira, kumudyetsa, ndi kumutonthoza ndi chikondi, chidaliro chimakhazikika mumtima mwa mwanayo.Amaphunzira kuti "pali winawake amene angandisamalire." Pakapita nthawi, chidalirochi chimafikanso kwa ena.

Komabe, ngati mwana wanyalanyazidwa ndipo zosowa zake sizikukwaniritsidwa pa nthawi yake, adzakhala ndi maganizo osakhulupirirana . Ngati chikhulupiriro sichikumangidwa panthawiyi, zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kuchimanganso pambuyo pake. Mavuto akabuka m'moyo, anthu oterewa angakhumudwe kwambiri.

Gawo 2: Mwana wakhanda (miyezi 18 - zaka 3) - Kudziyimira pawokha komanso manyazi/kukayikira

Iyi ndi nthawi imene mwana wanu akuphunzira kuchita zinthu payekha. Akuyesera kudya, kuvala yekha, ndi kutenga chidole. Ngati muwalimbikitsa panthawiyo ndi kunena kuti, "Ndi bwino, mungathe kuchita," adzadzidalira komanso kudziyimira pawokha .

Koma, ngati mutamukhumudwitsa mwa kunena kuti, "O, usachite zimenezo, sungathe kuchita zimenezo, udzalephera," angamve manyazi ndikukayikira luso lake.

Gawo 3: Zaka za ana aang'ono (zaka 3-5) - Kuyamba ndi kudzimva kuti ndili ndi mlandu

Iyi ndi nthawi imene ana amayamba kugwira ntchito okha, amakonda kupempha zinthu zatsopano, kumanga nyumba zosewerera, ndi kujambula zithunzi. Amayamba kumva kuti ali ndi cholinga ndi cholinga m'moyo. Mukawalimbikitsa pa zinthu zomwe amachita, amalimbikitsidwa kuchitapo kanthu . Amati, "Ndichita izi."

Komabe, ngati muwadzudzula kapena kuwasokoneza pa zomwe akuchita, angamve kuti ali ndi mlandu , akudabwa kuti, "Kodi ndikuchita cholakwika?"

Gawo 4: Zaka Zoyambirira za Sukulu (zaka 6-11) - Kugwira Ntchito Molimbika ndi Kusadzidalira

Pa nthawi imeneyi, mwanayo amayamba kuzindikira umunthu wake komanso luso lake. Amayamba kudziyerekeza ndi anzake kusukulu komanso pabwalo lamasewera. Chizindikiro cha nyenyezi chomwe mphunzitsi amapereka mkalasi, satifiketi yopambana mpikisano wamasewera, ndi chamtengo wapatali kwambiri kwa iye.

Akalandira chithandizo ndi kuyamikiridwa kuchokera kwa aphunzitsi, makolo, ndi anzawo, amamva ngati ali ndi luso komanso opindulitsa . Komabe, ngati khama lawo silikuyamikiridwa, angadzimve ngati otsika komanso opanda pake.

Gawo 5: Unyamata (zaka 12-18) - Kusokonezeka kwa umunthu ndi udindo

Kodi mwamvapo mawu akuti "vuto la kudziona"? Amachokera pa siteji iyi. Panthawiyi, mwana wamng'ono amafunsa mafunso monga "Ndine ndani? Ndikufuna kukhala ndani? Kodi malo anga ndi otani m'gulu?" Akuyesera kukhazikitsa zolinga ndi makhalidwe abwino pa moyo wachikulire.

Ngati atha kudzidziwitsa bwino umunthu wawo panthawiyi, zidzakhala mphamvu yaikulu pamoyo wawo. Koma ngati akakamizidwa ndi ziyembekezo ndi maudindo ochokera kwa makolo ndi anthu ammudzi, akhoza kukhala mumkhalidwe wosokonezeka wa maudindo pomwe sangathe kudziwa kuti ndi ndani komanso zomwe akufuna.

Gawo 6: Unyamata Wachikulire (zaka 19-40) - Ubale Wapamtima ndi Kudzipatula

Iyi ndi nthawi yomwe timapanga ubwenzi ndi maubwenzi achikondi omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa moyo. Ngati maubwenzi amenewa ndi ofunika komanso olimba, mudzamva kukhala paubwenzi ndi ena.

Komabe, ngati mukuvutika kumanga ubale umenewu, mungamve kuti ndinu nokha komanso ndinu nokha.

Gawo 7: Zaka zapakati (zaka 40-65) - Kubereka ndi Kusayenda bwino

Mukafika pa siteji iyi, mumamva kufunika kwakukulu kotsogolera ana anu, achinyamata m'gulu, ndikuwaphunzitsa zomwe mukudziwa. Izi zimatchedwa kulenga zinthu . Zimaphatikizapo kutenga udindo ndi kusamalira anthu omwe akuzungulirani.

Koma, ngati simuchita ngati mphunzitsi kapena wotsogolera mwanjira iliyonse, mungamve kukhumudwa komanso kusasangalala ndi moyo. Izi zingapangitse kuti musakhale ndi anzanu, abale, ndi anthu ena ndipo musakhalenso ndi moyo .

Gawo 8: Ukalamba (patatha zaka 65) - kufuna ungwiro ndi kukhumudwa mu umunthu

Iyi ndi gawo lomaliza lomwe Erikson akufuna. Panthawiyi, timakumbukira m'mbuyo miyoyo yathu. Ngati mwakhutira ndi moyo womwe mwakhala, mudzakalamba ndi ulemu (umphumphu wa ego) . Mudzadzitamandira ndi zomwe mwachita. Mudzafuna kugawana zomwe mwakumana nazo pamoyo wanu ndi nzeru zanu ndi ena.

Koma, mukayang'ana m'mbuyo pa moyo wanu, chomwe chimatsala ndi chisoni monga, "O, ndikanakonda ndikanachita zimenezo kale," ndipo mungagwere mu chisoni .

Kudziwa magawo awa kudzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa mwana wanu, komanso inuyo, monga kholo. Ngati mwana wanu kapena inuyo mukukumana ndi mavuto osazolowereka pa gawo lililonse, ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo za vutoli.