Kodi tingadwale chifukwa cha ziweto zathu zomwe timakonda? Tiyeni tikambirane za matenda a zoonotic!

Kodi muli ndi kagalu kokongola, mphaka, kapena mbalame kunyumba? Mwina mumagwira ntchito pafamu ndipo mumakhala ndi ziweto monga ng'ombe, mbuzi, ndi nkhuku. Ndipotu, nyama ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa moyo wathu. Koma kodi mukudziwa kuti nthawi zina nyama zokondedwazi zimatha kutipatsira matenda osiyanasiyana? Ndicho chimene tikambirana m'nkhaniyi lero. Ichi ndi chimene timachitcha `(Zoonotic Diseases)` kapena matenda ochokera ku ziweto.

Kodi matenda a zoonotic awa ndi ati?

Mwachidule, "Matenda a Zoonotic" ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amatha kufalikira pakati pa nyama (makamaka nyama zokhala ndi msana - nyama zokhala ndi msana, monga ng'ombe, nkhosa, makoswe, agalu, amphaka, mileme, mbalame) ndi anthu. Chifukwa nyama izi zili ndi matupi ofanana ndi athu, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ena timatha kusintha kuti tikhale m'thupi lonse.

Taganizirani izi, pali matenda ena a nyama omwe amatha kufalikira kuchokera ku nyama kupita kwa anthu, koma osati kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi kupita kwa wina. Matenda ena, monga Ebola, amatha kufalikira kuchokera ku nyama kupita kwa anthu, kenako n’kufalikira kwa anthu, zomwe zimayambitsa miliri. Palinso matenda ena, monga HIV ndi COVID-19, omwe amayamba kuchokera ku nyama kupita kwa anthu, kenako n’kusintha n’kufalikira kwa anthu okha. Zimenezi zikachitika, timasiya kuwatcha matenda a zoonotic, koma mitundu ina ya matenda amenewo ikhoza kukhalapobe mwa nyama.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a ziwetozi zingakhale zotani?

Ndipotu, zizindikiro zimasiyana malinga ndi matenda. Komabe, zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Malungo.
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri.
• Mutu.
• Kupweteka kwa thupi.
• Zilonda za pakhungu kapena ziphuphu.
• Kutsegula m'mimba.
• Kusanza.

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi, makamaka ngati ndinu munthu amene mumachita zinthu ndi nyama, ndi bwino kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala.

N’chifukwa chiyani timadwala matenda a ziweto? Kodi zimayambitsa matenda amenewa ndi chiyani?

Matenda a ku zoonotic amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tosiyanasiyana. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi izi:

• Mabakiteriya: Awa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi selo imodzi. Nthawi zambiri timatulutsa poizoni, zomwe zimatidwalitsa.
• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Izi zitha kukhala nyongolotsi za parasitic, kapena zitha kukhala zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi monga protozoa.
• Mavairasi: Awa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi chidziwitso cha majini. Amagwiritsa ntchito maselo athu kupanga zofananira zawo.
• Bowa: Bowa awa amayambitsa matenda monga eczema.
• Ma Prions:Liwu limeneli likhoza kukhala latsopano kwa inu. Awa ndi mtundu wapadera wa mapuloteni omwe angawononge ubongo.

Matenda ambiri a m'thupi amakhala mu mtundu umodzi wa chamoyo - anthu, nyama zina, zomera, kapena tizilombo tina. Koma tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timayambitsa "matenda a zoonotic" tikhoza kufalikira kwa anthu ndi nyama zina zokhala ndi msana. Kapena, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti mwina poyamba tinkapezeka mu mtundu winawake wa nyama, koma pakapita nthawi, kusintha kwa majini kwapangitsa kuti "adumphire" kwa anthu.

Matenda ambiri a ziweto amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kapena mavairasi.

Matenda a Bakiteriya a Zoonosis

Nazi zitsanzo zina:

• `(Anthrax)` (Anthrax)
• `(Brucellosis)` (Brucellosis)
• `(Matenda a kukanda amphaka)`
• `(Matenda a Lyme)` (Matenda a Lyme)
• `(Mycoplasma pneumoniae)`
• `(Mliri)` (Mliri)
• `(Psittacosis)` (Malungo a parrot)
• `(Malungo a Q)` (Malungo a Q)
• (Salmonella)` (Salmonella - mwina mwamvapo izi nthawi zambiri, makamaka pankhani ya chakudya)
• `(Tularemia)`
• `(Chifuwa chachikulu)` (Chifuwa chachikulu - Izi zithanso kufalikira kuchokera ku nyama)

Matenda a ziweto omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (Parasitic Zoonoses)

Zitsanzo za izi:

• `(Cryptosporidiosis)`
• Echinococcosis (chitsanzo ndi matenda a hydatid)
• `(Giardiasis)`
• `(Chiwindi cha fluke)` (Nyongolotsi za chiwindi)
• `(Malaria)` (Malaria - amafalitsidwa ndi udzudzu, koma amachokera ku nyama)
• `(Taeniasis)` (matenda a mphutsi za m'mimba omwe amafalikira kudzera mu nkhumba, ng'ombe, ndi zina zotero)
• `(Toxoplasmosis)` (Nthawi zambiri izi zimatha kufalikira kudzera mu ndowe za amphaka, amayi apakati ayenera kusamala kwambiri)
• `(Trichinosis)`

Matenda a Zoonous a Viral

Zitsanzo za izi:

• `(Chimfine cha mbalame)` (chimfine cha mbalame)
• `(Ebola)` (Ebola)
• `(Kachilombo ka Nipah)` (Kachilombo ka Nipah - Izi zanenedwanso kuti zafalikira kuchokera ku mileme m'dera lathu)
• `(Matenda a kachirombo ka Marburg)`
• `(Mpox)` (kale linkatchedwanso monkeypox)
• `(Chiwewe)` (Chiwewe - Uwu ndi matenda oopsa omwe tonse tiyenera kudziwa)

Kuphatikiza apo, matenda monga mphutsi , omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bowa , ndi matenda ena a Creutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD) , omwe amayamba chifukwa cha ma prions (omwe amatchedwanso "matenda a ng'ombe zamisala"), amatha kufalikira kuchokera ku nyama kupita kwa anthu.

Kodi matenda a ziweto timawapeza bwanji?

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe tingathe kutenga matenda amenewa. Njirazi ndi izi:

• Mwa kukhudza madzi amthupi (magazi, mkodzo, ndowe, malovu, ndi zina zotero) a ziweto zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka. Ganizirani zotsuka chiweto chanu chikadwala, kapena kuchiza bala la chiweto cha pafamu.
• Mwa kulumidwa kapena kukanda ndi nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka. Ngati mwalumidwa kapena kukanda ndi nyama monga galu, mphaka, kapena nyani, muyenera kusamala.
• Mwa kuluma tizilombo monga nkhupakupa, udzudzu, ndi utitiri. Tizilomboti tingalume nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilombo kenako n’kutipatsa matendawa.
• Mwa kudya nyama yosaphikidwa bwino.
• Mwa kumwa madzi odetsedwa (kapena kudya chakudya chotsukidwa m'madzi amenewo).

Chofunika: Nthawi zina tingakumane ndi zinthu zimenezi popanda kuzindikira. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala aukhondo nthawi zonse ndikutsatira njira zodzitetezera.

Ndi nyama ziti zomwe zimafalitsa matenda amenewa?

Ndipotu, pafupifupi nyama iliyonse imatha kunyamula matenda awa a ziweto. Mwachitsanzo:

• Mileme
• Mbalame
• Amphaka
• Nswala
• Agalu
• Ziweto za pafamu (monga ng'ombe, nkhumba, nkhosa)
• Anyani osakhala anthu, monga anyani ndi anyani
• Zinyama zazing'ono monga mbewa, akalulu, ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono (Makoswe)

Pali nyama zambiri ngati izi zomwe zili pafupi nafe, sichoncho? Choncho ndi bwino kuti tikhale osamala.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda awa a ziweto?

Anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda amenewa.

• Anthu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi ziweto ngati ntchito kapena chizolowezi (monga madokotala a ziweto, ogwira ntchito m'mafamu, osamalira nyama).
• Anthu amene amasaka, kukonza, kapena kudya nyama ya nyama zakuthengo.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka (monga anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, odwala khansa, olandira ziwalo zina).

Ngati muli m'gulu ili, ndi bwino kutenga njira zina zodzitetezera.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji matenda a ziweto?

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amazindikira matenda amenewa pofufuza zitsanzo za minofu kapena madzi amthupi lanu. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Chitsanzo cha magazi `(Magazi)`
• Chitsanzo cha chopondapo `(Chopondapo)`
• Chitsanzo cha sputum (phlegm kuchokera m'mapapo)
• Chitoliro cha ntchofu (chitsanzo cha ntchofu yotengedwa m'mphuno kapena pakhosi)

Kutengera ndi zizindikiro zanu, dokotala wanu angafunikenso kuchita mayeso ojambulira zithunzi, monga X-ray pachifuwa kapena CT scan.

Kodi mankhwala a matenda awa a ziweto ndi otani?

Chithandizo chimadalira mtundu wa matenda omwe muli nawo. Palibe mankhwala enieni a matenda aliwonse a ziweto. Komabe, pali mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:

• Mankhwala Opha Mabakiteriya: Matenda ambiri a bakiteriya amatha kuchiritsidwa, makamaka ngati atapezeka msanga.
• Mankhwala oletsa mavairasi: Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa pa matenda ena opatsirana ndi mavairasi.
• Mankhwala Oletsa Bowa: Mafuta kapena mapiritsi amaperekedwa pa matenda a bowa monga eczema.
• Mankhwala oletsa matenda opatsirana: Mankhwalawa amatha kuchiritsa matenda ambiri opatsirana.
• Ma antibodies a monoclonal:Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda ena omwe ndi ovuta kuchiza, monga Ebola.
• Opaleshoni: Tizilombo tina timayambitsa ziphuphu m'thupi zomwe zimafunika kuchotsedwa opaleshoni.
• Katemera ndi chitetezo chamthupi: Tangoganizirani, ngati mwalumidwa kapena kukanda ndi nyama yomwe mukuganiza kuti ili ndi matenda a chiwewe, madokotala sayembekezera kuti zizindikiro ziwonekere. Adzakupatsani katemera wa chiwewe nthawi yomweyo komanso adzakulowetsani chinthu chotchedwa human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) pachilonda kuti mupewe matenda.

Kodi matenda a ziweto amenewa angakhale oopsa?

Inde, matenda ena a ziweto akhoza kukhala oopsa kwambiri komanso oopsa. Matenda a malungo otuluka magazi monga Ebola ndi Marburg, amapha anthu ambiri. Matenda a chiwewe nthawi zambiri amapha munthu akangoyamba kudwala. Komabe, matenda ambiri a ziweto amatha kuchiritsidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amapha munthu. Choncho musachite mantha, ndikofunikira kudziwa.

Kodi tingadziteteze bwanji ku matenda a ziweto amenewa?

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe tingachite kuti tidziteteze ku matenda awa:

• Kulandira katemera: Pali katemera wa matenda ena monga `(Mpox)`, `(Chiwewe)`, `(Ebola)`. Ngati muli m'gulu la anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo, kulandira katemerayu kudzakuthandizani. Komabe, palibe katemera wa matenda onse a ziweto.
• Dzitetezeni ku kulumidwa ndi tizilombo: Valani malaya ndi mathalauza a manja aatali, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala oletsa udzudzu okhala ndi DEET. Dzifufuzeni nokha ndi ziweto zanu ngati muli ndi nkhupakupa mutakhala panja. Funsani veterinarian wanu kuti muteteze ziweto zanu ku nkhupakupa ndi utitiri.
• Valani magolovesi mukamagwira nyama (zamoyo kapena zakufa): Musakhudze nyama yakuthengo ndi manja anu opanda kanthu. Ngakhale mutavala magolovesi, sambani manja anu bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi mukagwira nyama.
• Tsatirani njira zodzitetezera ku chakudya: Phikani nyama bwino. Nthawi zonse muzisamba m'manja, pamalo, ndi ziwiya bwino mukamaliza kukonza chakudya. Pewani kumwa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osakonzedwa pokonzekera chakudya. Pewani kumwa mkaka wosaphikidwa kapena kudya zakudya zopangidwa ndi mkaka wotere.
• Pewani kukhudzana ndi madzi a m'thupi omwe ali ndi kachilombo: Ngati muli ndi Ebola yoopsa, gwiritsani ntchito zida zodzitetezera (monga chophimba nkhope, magalasi oteteza maso, epuloni, magolovesi) posamalira munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka. Pewani kukhudza madzi a m'thupi mwake, ndipo sambani m'manja mwanu bwino ngati mwakumana naye, ngakhale mutavala magolovesi. Pewani kukhudza chilichonse chomwe chakhudzana ndi madzi a m'thupi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.
• Pewani kudya nyama ya m’tchire.
• Yesetsani kupewa kulumidwa kapena kukanda ndi nyama. Ngati mwalumidwa kapena kukanda ndi nyama (makamaka mileme, agalu, amphaka) omwe angakhale ndi matenda a chiwewe, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mumagwira ntchito ndi ziweto kapena muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a ziweto, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Iye angakuthandizeni kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu ndikukuuzani zizindikiro zomwe muyenera kuyang'anira.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Pangozi (ETU) liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zazikulu izi, pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga:

• Malungo amphamvu kwambiri (oposa 103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius).
• Kusanza kwambiri kapena kutsegula m'mimba.
• Kusokonezeka maganizo kapena kusintha kwina kwa maganizo.
• Kutuluka magazi kosadziwika bwino.
• Mutu waukulu.
• Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena m'mimba.

Pomaliza, kumbukirani (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Kotero, mutha kuona kuti ngakhale timakonda bwanji nyama, tiyenerabe kusamala pang'ono chifukwa zimatha kutipatsira matenda. Matenda ambiri omwe takambirana m'nkhaniyi amatha kuchiritsidwa ngati atapezeka ndi kuchiritsidwa panthawi yoyenera.

Chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa momwe mungadzitetezere ku matenda otere, kutsatira njira zabwino zaukhondo, ndipo ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zokayikitsa, musataye nthawi ndipo funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Tiyeni tisunge ziweto zathu zokondedwa kukhala zathanzi, ndipo tiyeni tikhalenso athanzi!

Matenda a ziweto, Matenda a Zoonotic, Matenda obadwa ndi ziweto, Matenda, Thanzi, Chitetezo, Zizindikiro