Ese wigeze wumva iby’iyi bagiteri iteje akaga ya MRSA? (Staphylococcus aureus idashobora gufatwa na Methicillin) Reka tuganire birambuye!

Ushobora kuba warumvise iby'izi "superbugs" mu binyamakuru, kuri televiziyo, cyangwa mu kiganiro cy'undi muntu, si byo se? Ibyo bivuze ko hari bagiteri zimwe na zimwe zitabazwa na antibiyotike zisanzwe dutanga kugira ngo zivure indwara, ni ukuvuga ko zidashobora kwitabwaho. MRSA ni imwe muri zo, iteje akaga gato, kandi iragoye kuvura bagiteri. Kubera ko ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bantu benshi, reka twige byinshi kuri MRSA uyu munsi. Kuko, kumenya ibintu nk'ibi ni ingenzi cyane kuri wowe nanjye, kuri twese.

MRSA ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Noneho reka turebe icyo MRSA isobanura. Izina rigufi rya MRSA rikomoka ku izina rirerire ry'Icyongereza `Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus`. Nubwo izina rishobora gusa n'irigoye gato, mu magambo make ni iri rikurikira: `Staphylococcus aureus` ni ubwoko bwa bagiteri busanzwe bushobora kuba ku ruhu rwacu. Ariko, iyi MRSA ni ubwoko bwihariye bwa bagiteri ya `Staphylococcus aureus`. Ikidasanzwe kuri ibi ni uko iyi bagiteri irwanya izindi antibiyotike nyinshi zikomeye, harimo na antibiyotike `Methicillin`. Ibyo bivuze ko nubwo hari iyi miti, bigoye cyane kwica bagiteri ya MRSA. Niyo mpamvu kuyivura na byo ari ikibazo.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'ubwandu busanzwe bwa Staph n'ubwandu bwa MRSA?

Iki kandi ni ikibazo ku bantu benshi.

• Indwara za Staph: Izi zishobora kuba indwara iyo ari yo yose iterwa na bagiteri ya Staphylococcus aureus . Zikunze kugaragara kurusha MRSA, kandi akenshi zishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti isanzwe irwanya udukoko.
• Ubwandu bwa MRSA: Ubu ni ubwandu buterwa n'ubwoko bwihariye bwa bagiteri ya Staph, nkuko byavuzwe mbere, burwanya imiti myinshi ya antibiyotike. Niyo mpamvu ubwandu bwa MRSA burushaho kuba bubi kandi bugoranye kuvura.

Ese hari ubwoko bw'ubwandu bwa MRSA?

Yego, ubwandu bwa MRSA bushobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi hashingiwe ku bidukikije: 1. MRSA ihabwa ubuvuzi (HA-MRSA): Ubu bwoko bukunze gukwirakwira cyane mu bantu batuye mu bigo nderabuzima nko mu bitaro no mu bigo byita ku bageze mu za bukuru. 2. MRSA ihabwa abaturage (CA-MRSA): Iki ni ikintu cyagaragaye cyane kuva mu myaka ya 1980. Umwihariko ni uko ishobora no gukwirakwira mu bantu bazima batagiye mu bitaro cyangwa mu bigo nderabuzima. Dore ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'ubwandu bushobora guterwa na MRSA:

• Indwara z'uruhu n'imitsi yoroshye (SSIs): Iyi ni yo ikunze kugaragara cyane.
• Umusonga :Indwara ifata ibihaha.
• Indwara zo mu magufwa n'ingingo (Osteomyelitis): Zigira ingaruka ku magufwa n'ingingo.
• Udukoko twanduza amaraso ( Bacteremia ): Bagiteri zinjira mu maraso. Iyi ni indwara iteje akaga.
• Endocarditis : Kwandura urukuta rw'imbere rw'umutima.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya MRSA?

Ibimenyetso bya MRSA bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'aho wanduriye. Ariko, bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara birimo:

• Umuriro.
• Ububabare ahantu handuye.
• Gutukura, guhinduka ibara, kubyimba, kubabara, amabyi cyangwa amazi yuzuye uruhu. Hari igihe iyi ndwara ya MRSA ishobora kumera nk'aho ari uruhu rw'igitagangurirwa. Bityo rero ugomba kwitonda.
• Inkorora.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Kubabara mu gituza.
• Kumva unaniwe cyane (Umunaniro).
• Kubabara imitsi cyangwa ingingo.

Niba ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso, cyane cyane niba hari igisebe ku ruhu, ni byiza gushaka inama kwa muganga.

Ni iki gitera MRSA?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zituma bagiteri ya Staphylococcus aureus ikomeza kumererwa nabi mu mikorobe.

• Hari igihe ibi bibaho mu buryo busanzwe mu bidukikije.
• Hari n'igihe bagiteri zikora uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara ziterwa na antibiyotike, kimwe no kubaka ingabo zo kwirinda umwanzi.
• Cyane cyane ahantu nko mu bitaro, gukoresha imiti yica udukoko kenshi bishobora gutuma bagiteri zidashobora kuyirwanya.

Methicillin ni umuti urwanya indwara ufitanye isano na penisiline. Nubwo izina MRSA rivuga "udakira methisiline," ubwoko bwa MRSA mu by'ukuri burwanya izindi antibiyotike nyinshi. Urugero:

• Andi moko ya `Penicillin` (urugero: `Amoxicillin`, `Ampicillin`)
• `Cephalosporins` (urugero `Cefepime`)
• `Carbapenems` (urugero: `Meropenem`, `Imipenem`)

Muri rusange, MRSA ifitanye isano n'ibitaro (HA-MRSA) irwanya cyane imiti myinshi ya antibiyotike kurusha MRSA ifitanye isano n'abaturage (CA-MRSA).

MRSA yandurira ite?

Iki kandi ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Hari abantu bafite bagiteri za MRSA ku ruhu rwabo cyangwa mu mazuru, ariko ntibarwara. Ibi byitwa koloniya ya bagiteri mu mubiri.Niba ufite MRSA ikwirakwira mu mubiri wawe, nubwo nta bimenyetso ufite, ikizamini cyo gupima amazuru cyangwa uruhu kizagaragaza ko ufite MRSA. Ushobora kandi kwanduza abandi MRSA uyikuye ku muntu uyirwaye. Hari uburyo butandukanye MRSA ishobora kwanduzanya:

• Binyuze mu gukorana n'umuntu wanduye cyangwa warakuwemo na MRSA.
• Mu gukora ku bintu cyangwa ahantu handuye bagiteri. Hari igihe MRSA ishobora kubaho ku hantu mu gihe cy'ibyumweru byinshi!
• Mu gusangira ibintu byawe byanduye bagiteri. Urugero, ibiryamirwa, imyenda, ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi cyangwa siporo, amasume, imashini zogosha, ibikoresho byo kuriramo, nibindi.
• Binyuze mu bikoresho by'ubuvuzi byanduye byinjijwe mu mubiri (urugero: umurongo wo hagati w'imitsi, umuyoboro w'umwuka).

Yego, MRSA ni indwara yandura. Ishobora kwandurira mu gukora ku ruhu cyangwa gukora ku bintu byanduye bagiteri. Rimwe na rimwe ishobora gukwirakwira mu bagize umuryango cyangwa mu bantu babana mu rugo rumwe.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara MRSA?

Hari abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura MRSA kurusha abandi. Muri bo harimo:

• Abantu batera ibiyobyabwenge mu mibiri yabo.
• Abantu bakina siporo zisaba kwegerana cyane (urugero: rugby).
• Abantu bakora mu kigo cyita ku buzima.
• Abantu baba hamwe mu matsinda (urugero: mu bigo bya gisirikare, muri gereza).
• Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe zica intege ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri (urugero: diyabete, indwara z'impyiko, agakoko gatera SIDA, kanseri).
• Abantu bafata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.
• Abantu bafite igikoresho cyo kwa muganga cyinjijwe mu mubiri wabo (urugero: ingingo y'ubukorano).
• Abantu bamaze igihe kirekire mu bitaro cyangwa mu kigo cyita ku barwayi igihe kirekire.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa na MRSA?

Iyo abaganga badashobora kugenzura ubwandu bwa MRSA bakoresheje imiti yica udukoko, bishobora guteza ingorane zikomeye. Zimwe muri zo zirimo:

• Sepsis na septic shock: Iyi ni igisubizo gikabije cy’umubiri ku ndwara. Ibi bishobora gutera umuvuduko muke w’amaraso, kwangirika kw’ingingo, no kunanirwa kw’ingingo.
• Guhangayika no kunanirwa guhumeka.
• Gutakaza amaguru n'amaboko byanduye (gucibwamo).

Ibintu nk'ibi ni byo bituma tugomba guhangayikishwa na MRSA.

Ni gute umuntu yamenya MRSA?

Umuganga asuzuma ubwandu bwa MRSA afata icyitegererezo cy'ingingo z'umubiri cyangwa amazi akabyohereza muri laboratwari kugira ngo bipimwe. Bashobora kugerageza gukura (gutera) bagiteri muri icyo gipimo. Ubwoko bw'ibipimo bushobora gupimwa ni ubu:

• Amaraso.
• Imitsi ivuye mu gikomere.
• Inkari.
• Amashoka (ibisebe biva mu bihaha bitewe no gukorora)

Hari igihe abaganga bafata icyitegererezo cy’uruhu cyangwa izuru (agatambaro ko mu mazuru) kugira ngo barebe niba MRSA yaracitse.

MRSA ivurwa ite?

Mu kuvura ubwandu bwa MRSA, abaganga bibanda ku bintu bibiri by'ingenzi: 1. Kwita ku bikomere byose bifunguye. 2. Gushaka umuti uvura indwara ya MRSA ufite ingaruka nziza ku bwoko bwa MRSA. Ibikomere bivurwa no gukuramo amashyira mu gisebe, kandi rimwe na rimwe biba ngombwa kubagwa kugira ngo haveho udusimba twanduye. Nanone, ibintu by'ubukorano (nk'ingingo z'ubukorano) byashyizwe mu mubiri bishobora gukurwaho iyo byanduye. Ubwandu bukomeye bwa MRSA buvurirwa mu bitaro hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana bwa intravenous (IV).

Antibiyotike zikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara za MRSA

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa antibiyotike bushobora gukoreshwa kuri MRSA. Ariko wibuke ko izi zigomba gutangwa gusa iyo muganga aguhaye inama.

• `Vancomycin`
• 'Rifampin'
• `Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)`
• 'Ceftaroline'
• 'Linezolide'
• 'Daptomycin'
• 'Clindamycin'
• Doxycycline (Doxycycline)
• 'Delafloxacin'

Hari igihe MRSA yitwa "superbug" kuko irwanya antibiyotike nyinshi, bigatuma bigorana kuvura. Hari igihe abaganga bashobora gufata icyemezo cyo gutanga antibiyotike zirenze imwe icyarimwe kugira ngo barwanye iyi bagiteri.

Wakwirinda ute MRSA?

Abakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima bakurikiza uburyo butandukanye bwo kwirinda no kwica udukoko kugira ngo hirindwe indwara zandurira mu buvuzi nka MRSA. Zimwe muri zo zirimo:

• Karaba intoki zawe kenshi.
• Gukuraho imiyoboro y'amazi ku butaka.
• Gusukura ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi.
• Gusuzuma abarwayi n'abasura ibitaro n'ibigo nderabuzima.
• Gushyira mu kato/gushyira mu kato abantu banduye MRSA birinda kwanduza abandi.

Hari intambwe nyinshi ushobora gutera kugira ngo wirinde MRSA ifitanye isano n'abaturage (CA-MRSA):

• Niba hari ibikomere, bikomeze bisukuye kandi ubihambire neza.
• Ntugasangire n'abandi ibintu byawe bwite nk'amasume n'imashini zogosha.
• Ntugakoreshe inshinge (ndetse n'izawe) zakoreshejwe mu gutera imiti cyangwa imiti itemewe n'amategeko.
• Kuramo igitambaro mbere yo kwicara wambaye ubusa ku ntebe mu cyumba cyo kwambariramo imyenda muri siporo.
• Karaba ibitanda, amasume, n'imyenda yo gukora imyitozo buri gihe mu mazi ashyushye. Kumutsa neza. Nta mpamvu yo gusiga irangi, kandi nta mpamvu yo kumesa ibintu bishobora kwandura ukwabyo.
• Koga ako kanya nyuma yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri cyangwa ibikorwa byongera ibyago byo kwandura MRSA.
• Hanagura ahantu hakunze gukorwaho nko gusimbuza amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo kugenzura kure, n'ibikoresho bya siporo ukoresheje umuti wica udukoko. Reba ku kirango kugira ngo urebe imiti yica udukoko yica bagiteri za Staph.
• Karaba intoki zawe kenshi n'isabune n'amazi ashyushye byibuze amasegonda 20. Niba bidashoboka gukaraba intoki zawe, koresha umuti wica udukoko urimo alukolo .

Niba ufite igikoresho cyo kwa muganga, nka catheter, cyinjizwa mu mubiri wawe, baza muganga wawe igihe kigomba kubikwamo n'uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara muri icyo gihe.

Ni iki wakwitega uramutse ugize MRSA?

Niba ufite ubwandu bw'uruhu, muganga wawe azabuvura akuraho igisebe maze agakuramo amacandwe. Ushobora kandi guhabwa imiti yo gushwanyaguza uruhu cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibisebe mu kanwa. Ariko, niba ufite ubwandu bukomeye cyangwa bwakwirakwiriye bwa MRSA, ushobora gukenera kuguma mu bitaro kugira ngo uvurwe. MRSA (CA-MRSA) isanzwe ivurwa n'abaturage, cyane cyane ubwandu bw'uruhu, ishobora kuba yoroshye kuvura kurusha MRSA (HA-MRSA) ivurwa n'ibitaro. Ariko, hafi 70% by'ubwandu bw'uruhu bwa MRSA buzongera kugaruka nubwo bwavuwe neza. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'uko abandi bantu mubana baba baranduye MRSA, cyangwa kubera ko bagiteri za MRSA zishobora kuba ku bintu no ku buso igihe kirekire, bigatuma wongera kwandura.

Ese nzahita nkurwa mu bandi ningira MRSA?

Niba urimo kuvurirwa mu bitaro, ushobora gushyirwa mu cyumba kimwe cyangwa ugashyirwa mu mategeko yihariye kugira ngo wirinde ko MRSA yakwirakwira ku bandi. Abakozi bo kwa muganga bashobora kandi gusaba abashyitsi kwambara uturindantoki two kwa muganga, amakanzu, cyangwa udupfukamunwa.

MRSA yandura igihe kingana iki?

Bagiteri za MRSA zishobora kwandurira mu gihe ibizamini byemeza ko ziri mu mubiri wawe cyangwa ku ruhu rwawe. Muganga wawe azafata agatambaro mu mazuru yawe cyangwa ku ruhu rwawe maze apime MRSA kugira ngo arebe niba ugishobora kwanduzanya.

Ese MRSA ishobora gukira burundu? Igipimo cy'impfu ni ikihe?

Yego, abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'abarwayi ba MRSA bakira hakoreshejwe imiti yica udukoko. Kandi, indwara nyinshi z'uruhu za MRSA zishobora kuvurwa neza. Ariko, indwara zikomeye, nka umusonga, indwara yo mu mutima, na bacteremia, zishobora kwiyongera vuba mbere yuko umuganga ahabwa ubuvuzi bukwiye. Igipimo cy'impfu za MRSA kiratandukanye bitewe n'aho ubwandu buri. Urugero, niba MRSA itera bacteremia mu maraso - ubwoko bukomeye cyane - igipimo cy'impfu gishobora kuba hagati ya 20% na 50%. Ibyo biguha igitekerezo cy'uburyo ibi bishobora kuba bikomeye.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite igikoresho cyo kwa muganga mu mubiri wawe cyangwa niba ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bufite intege nke, baza muganga wawe ibimenyetso by'ubwandu ugomba kwitondera. Reba muganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso bikekwaho. Buri gihe reba muganga niba ufite igikomere kinini cyangwa igikomere kidakira. Ndetse no mu gihe uri mu bitaro, ni ngombwa gukomeza kuvugana neza n'itsinda ry'abaganga. Babwire niba ubonye ibimenyetso by'ubwandu, nko kubabara, gutera k'umutima kwiyongera, gucika intege, cyangwa umuriro.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya mu Kigo cyita ku Buvuzi bw’Ingoboka (ETU) ?

Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikomeye, jya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bwihuse:

• Iyo umuriro uri hejuru ya dogere selisiyusi 40 (dogere selisiyusi 40).
• Iyo igikomere kibabaza, gifite impumuro mbi, cyangwa cyuzuyemo amazi y'icyatsi kibisi, umuhondo, cyangwa umukara.
• Kubabara mu gituza.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amaraso mu buryo butunguranye (ibimenyetso: intege nke, isereri, gucika intege).

Ni ibihe bibazo ugomba kubaza muganga?

Iyo uganiriye na muganga ku bijyanye na MRSA, ni byiza kubaza ibi bibazo:

• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura mfite?
• Ni ryari nshobora gusubira ku kazi/ku ishuri?
• Nakwirinda nte kwanduzanya MRSA ku bandi?
• Ni iki nakora kugira ngo ngire ubwo bwoko bw'ubwandu mu gihe kizaza?

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Ushobora kuba warumvise inkuru ziteye ubwoba kuri MRSA. Ariko, abakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima barimo gukora cyane kugira ngo bayirinde gukwirakwira mu bitaro no mu bindi bice, kandi umubare w'abandura MRSA (HA-MRSA) bafitanye isano n'ibitaro uri kugabanuka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu Burayi. Ariko, ubwoko bwose bwa MRSA bushobora gutera indwara zishobora kwica. Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'ubwandu bukomeye cyangwa igikomere kitazakira, cyane cyane niba ufite igikoresho cyo kwa muganga cyangwa ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budafite imbaraga, shaka inama z'abaganga ako kanya. Bwira muganga wawe indwara iyo ari yo yose ufite, ibikoresho ufite, cyangwa niba uherutse kumara igihe kinini mu bitaro. Aya makuru ashobora kubafasha gusuzuma icyateye ibimenyetso byawe no kuvura ubwandu ubwo aribwo bwose vuba bishoboka. Kwita ku barwayi ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda ubwandu! MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus idashobora kwandura methicillin, indwara za bagiteri, ubudahangarwa bw'imiti irwanya udukoko, indwara z'uruhu, indwara zandurira mu bitaro, indwara zandurira mu baturage.