Icyerekezo cyawe ni ikihe? Reka tubiganireho birambuye!

Ubona isi ute? Ubona ute ibintu bikukikije, abantu, amabara meza, ibi byose? Impamvu nyamukuru ibi ni inzira itangaje amaso yacu y'agaciro n'ubwonko bikorana, yitwa "Iyerekwa" . Iki ni ikintu kigoye cyane kandi cy'ingenzi kuruta kureba gusa. Uyu munsi rero tuzaganira kuri iri yerekwa mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Iyerekwa ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Mu magambo make, kureba ni inzira amaso yawe n'ubwonko bikorana kugira ngo bikore ishusho hakoreshejwe urumuri rugaragara mu bintu bikukikije. Ni kimwe mu byumviro bitanu by'ingenzi dufite. Abantu benshi basobanukirwa isi binyuze mu kureba. Tekereza ukuntu ubuzima bwacu bwaba bumeze bute iyo tutari kubona!

Amaso yacu akora ate? Ni uburyo butangaje!

Uburyo bwo kubona butangira iyo amaso yawe abonye urumuri akaruhindura ibimenyetso by'imitsi. Ibi bimenyetso bihita binyura mu mitsi yawe y'amaso bikagera mu bwonko bwawe. Ubwonko bwakira ibyo bimenyetso, bukabisobanura, kandi bukarema ishusho ubona. Ibi bibaho vuba cyane, inshuro nyinshi mu isegonda.

Ese amaso ameze nka kamera?

Yego, dukunze kugereranya amaso yacu na kamera. Ariko mu by'ukuri, ni ibinyuranye. Kamera ni ikoranabuhanga ryakozwe hakurikijwe ijisho ry'umuntu. Tekereza, kamera ifite lens. Ibi ni byo bikusanya urumuri bikaruyobora kuri sensor yihariye iri muri kamera. Iyo sensor ihindura urumuri mo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi. Hanyuma, mudasobwa nto iri muri kamera ikora itanga amakuru mu ishusho. Ushobora guhindura aho kamera ireba, ukagenzura ingano y'urumuri rwemewe. Amaso yawe nayo afite lens . Izi zikusanya urumuri zikaruyobora kuri retina iri imbere mu jisho. Iyi retina isa na sensor iri muri iyo kamera, ariko iteye imbere cyane kandi iragoye. Umucyo ugwa kuri retina uhinduka ibimenyetso by'imitsi hanyuma woherezwa mu bwonko. Ubushobozi bwihariye bw'izo kamera, ni ukuvuga 'kwibanda' no kugenzura urumuri, byose bikorwa n'amaso yawe mu buryo bwikora. Impeta y'umukara iri mu jisho ryawe ( imboni ) iraguka cyangwa ikagira icyuho kugira ngo igenzure ingano y'urumuri rwinjira mu jisho. Nanone, imitsi iri imbere mu jisho ihindura imiterere ya lens, bigatuma ubona 'kwibanda' neza ku buryo ubona ibintu neza mu ntera zitandukanye.

Retina ni iki? Ni iki kibaho aho?

Retina yawe ni ubwoko bw'ingirabuzimafatizo bwihariye cyane kandi butuma umuntu yumva neza. Tuzita izi ngirabuzimafatizo , bivuze "ingirabuzimafatizo zakira urumuri." Iyo urumuri ruguye kuri izi ngirabuzimafatizo, habaho ingaruka za shimi n'amashanyarazi muri zo. Uko ni ko izi ngirabuzimafatizo zishyira urumuri mu bimenyetso by'imitsi. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa ngirabuzimafatizo:

• Uturemangingo tw'inkoni (`Inkoni`):Izi ngirabuzimafatizo nizo zigufasha kubona ibintu ahantu hijimye no mu rumuri ruto.
• Utu turemangingo: Utu turemangingo tubasha kumva neza. Tubasha kubona utuntu duto no gutandukanya amabara atandukanye.

Nyuma y'uko uru rumuri ruhinduwe ibimenyetso by'imitsi, retina yohereza ibyo bimenyetso mu mitsi yawe y'amaso.

Uruhare rw'imitsi y'amaso

Imitsi yawe y'amaso imeze nk'insinga z'amakuru. Itwara ibimenyetso biva muri retina bikajya mu bice bitandukanye by'ubwonko. Ibi bimenyetso bigenda mu mitsi y'amaso bikagera mu bice by'ubwonko bishinzwe gusesengura no gusobanukirwa ibimenyetso.

Umwanzuro wa nyuma ufatwa n'ubwonko!

Intambwe ya nyuma kandi y'ingenzi cyane iba mu bwonko bwawe. Ubwonko bwakira ibimenyetso byanditseho amakuru binyura mu mitsi y'amaso, bukabisesengura, hanyuma bugakoresha ayo makuru kugira ngo bukore "ishusho" y'ibyo buri jisho ribona.

Tekereza, iyo usomye iyi nteruro, ibice by'ubwonko bwawe bigufasha gusobanukirwa ururimi no kwibuka ibintu wibuka nabyo birimo. Uko ni ko ushobora gusobanukirwa aya magambo, ukibuka icyo asobanura, kandi ukibuka ibintu wibuka bifitanye isano nayo.

Ibyo bivuze ko, bitewe n'ibyo ubona, ibice bitandukanye by'ubwonko bikora hamwe kugira ngo bisobanukirwe neza iyo shusho.

Ni izihe ndwara zishobora kugira ingaruka ku kureba?

Kubera ko kureba bikubiyemo ibice byinshi n'imiterere y'umubiri bikorana, indwara zitandukanye zishobora guhungabanya iyi gahunda. Hari indwara zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bice birenze kimwe by'imiterere y'amaso. Dore ubwoko bumwe bw'indwara zishobora kugira ingaruka ku kureba:

• Indwara z'amaso: Urugero, indwara ya katarakte na glaucoma .
• Indwara zifitanye isano n'imitsi ya retina n'amaso: Indwara nka retinopathy ya diyabete .
• Indwara ziterwa n'ubwonko: Amwe mu moko ya stroke cyangwa ibibyimba byo mu bwonko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kureba.

Ese hari itandukaniro riri hagati y' "kureba" n' "kureba"?

Abantu benshi, abahanga, ndetse n'abahanga mu bya siyansi, bakoresha amagambo "kureba" na "kureba" mu buryo bumwe. Ariko si ngombwa ko biba ari ibintu bimwe. Ushobora gukoresha ubushobozi bwawe bwo kureba nubwo waba udashobora kubona ikintu runaka (urugero, ugakora amashusho mu mutwe wawe). Nanone, hari imiterere y'ubwonko igira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'ubwonko bwawe bwo gusobanura ibyo ubona n'amaso yawe. Kugira ngo usobanure ibi gato: Kureba ni ubushobozi bufatika gusa. Ni ukuvuga ko amaso yawe abona urumuri, akaruhinduramo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi n'ibinyabutabire, hanyuma akabyohereza mu bwonko bwawe. Kureba bisaba ubushobozi bwo gusobanura ibimenyetso biva mu maso yawe. Udafite ubwo bumenyi, ibimenyetso amaso yawe yohereza mu bwonko bwawe ntacyo bimaze. Nubwo bishobora gusa n'ibitangaje gutekereza kuri ibi bibiri bitandukanye, hari imiterere y'ubwonko igira ingaruka ku kureba bitabangamiye kureba. Urugero ni indwara yitwa Visual Agnosia . Abantu bafite iyi ndwara bafite ubushobozi bwo kureba neza, ariko ubwonko bwabo ntibushobora kumva ibyo babona buri gihe. Urundi rugero rwihariye rw'ibi ni ukudashobora kumenya amasura (`Prosopagnosia` cyangwa `Ubuhumyi bwo mu maso`) . Nubwo aba bantu babona amasura, ntibashobora kumenya abo ari bo. Ni ibintu bibabaje cyane, si byo se?

Ni gute twarinda amaso yacu y'agaciro? Menya neza ko ubikora!

Hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo ukomeze kandi urinde icyerekezo cyawe. Bimwe mu by'ingenzi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Akamaro ko gusuzuma amaso buri gihe: Buri wese, ndetse n'abafite ubushobozi bwo kureba neza (`20/20 vision`), bagomba gusuzumwa amaso yabo buri gihe. Isuzuma ry'amaso rishobora kumenya ibibazo ushobora kuba utazi cyangwa utabona. Amakosa yo kureba kure , nko kureba hafi (`Myopia`) cyangwa kureba kure (`Hyperopia`), ashobora gutera ububabare bwo kureba. Ushobora kutabibona mbere na mbere. Isuzuma ry'amaso rishobora kumenya ibyo bibazo mbere yuko ubibona.

• Ni ngombwa kurinda amaso yawe: Ni ngombwa kurinda amaso yawe mu gihe hari ibyago byo kwangirika. Indorerwamo z'izuba cyangwa indorerwamo , udupfukamunwa two mu maso cyangwa udukingirizo birashobora kugufasha muri ibi. Indorerwamo z'izuba nazo ni uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda amaso yawe. Zirinda amaso yawe imirasire ya UV yangiza.

• Tekereza kandi ku mirire: Kugira ngo amaso yawe akore neza, banza ukoreshe vitamine zimwe na zimweUbwoko n'intungamubiri birakenewe. Niba ufite ikibazo kuri ibi, ushobora kugisha inama muganga w'umuryango wawe cyangwa inzobere mu by'amaso.

• Ntiwibagirwe gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri: Ubuzima bw'amaso yawe bufitanye isano n'ubuzima bw'umubiri wawe wose. Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe bishobora gufasha amaso yawe (n'umubiri wawe wose) kugira ubuzima bwiza.

• Irinde kunywa itabi no kurinywa: Kunywa itabi, kurinywa mu mwuka ushyushye, no kurihekenya bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bwawe no ku maso yawe. Kureka kunywa itabi (cyangwa kutaryitangira) bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye.

• Niba uhuye n'impinduka zitunguranye mu kureba kwawe, nko gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga vuba! Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'ikibazo gikomeye. Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba butunguranye ni impamvu yo gushaka ubufasha kwa muganga. Niba ufite ikibazo cy'uburwayi gishobora gutera gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba cyangwa guhinduka mu buryo butunguranye, muganga wawe cyangwa umuganga w'amaso azakubwira igihe cyo gushaka ubufasha kwa muganga.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Ku bantu benshi, kureba ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi bakoresha buri munsi. Nubwo bishobora gusa n'ubuhanga bworoshye, mu by'ukuri ni kimwe mu bintu bigoye cyane mu mubiri wawe. Kugira ngo kureba kwawe gukora neza, ibice byose by'amaso yawe, retina, imitsi y'amaso, n'ubwonko, byose bigomba gukorana neza.

Hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo urinde amaso yawe y'agaciro. Hanyuma ushobora kwibanda ku bintu wifuza kubona, aho guhangayikishwa n'ibyo utabona. Rero, ntukibagirwe kwita ku maso yawe neza!

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Kureba , Kureba, Retina, Imitsi y'amaso, Ubuzima bw'amaso