Ubona isi ute? Ubona ute abantu bakukikije, ibintu biri mu bidukikije, n'amabara meza y'ibidukikije? Ibanga riri mu buryo butangaje bwo gukorana hagati y'amaso yawe y'agaciro n'ubwonko bwawe, buzwi nka "kureba." Ibi birenze kure "kubona" gusa; ni imikorere igoye cyane kandi y'ingenzi. Uyu munsi, reka dusesengure uburyo kureba bikora mu buryo bworoshye kandi bworoshye kumva.
Iyerekwa ni iki? Mu magambo make...
Mu magambo make, kureba ni inzira amaso yawe n'ubwonko bikorera hamwe kugira ngo bikure urumuri rumurikira isi ikukikije maze ruyihindure ishusho ifite icyo ivuze. Ni kimwe mu byumviro bitanu by'ingenzi byawe. Kuri benshi muri twe, gusobanukirwa isi kose gushingiye ku kureba kwacu. Tekereza ukuntu ubuzima bwawe bwaba butandukanye iyo utayibona!
Amaso yawe akora ate? Ni imikorere y'igitangaza!
Uburyo bwo kureba butangira iyo amaso yawe abonye urumuri akaruhindura ibimenyetso by'imitsi. Ibi bimenyetso bihita binyura mu mitsi yawe y'amaso bikagera mu bwonko bwawe. Ubwonko bwawe ni bwo busobanura neza; bwakira ibyo bimenyetso, bukabitunganya, kandi bukanakora ishusho ubona. Ibi bibaho ako kanya, inshuro nyinshi buri segonda.
Ese amaso yawe ameze nk'aho ari kamera?
Yego, dukunze kugereranya amaso na kamera. Ariko, mu by'ukuri ni ibinyuranye: kamera zakozwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ry'ijisho ry'umuntu.
Tekereza uburyo kamera ikora. Ifite lens ikusanya urumuri ikaruyobora kuri sensor yihariye. Iyo sensor ihindura urumuri mo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi, mudasobwa nto iri muri kamera ikabihinduramo ishusho. Ushobora no guhindura uburyo urumuri rwinjiriramo no kugenzura ingano y'urumuri rwinjira muri kamera.
Amaso yawe afite kandi lens . Izi zikusanya urumuri zikarushyira ku kintu cyitwa retina . Retina ikora nk'icyuma gipima kamera, ariko iteye imbere cyane kandi iragoye. Retina ihindura urumuri rwinjira mo ibimenyetso by'imitsi hanyuma ikabyohereza mu bwonko.
Kimwe na kamera, amaso yawe akora imirimo yikora nko kwibanda no kugenzura urumuri. Impande zawe zirakura cyangwa zigabanye kugira ngo zigenzure ingano y'urumuri rwinjira mu jisho. Hagati aho, imitsi iri mu jisho ryawe ihindura imiterere y'ikirahuri kugira ngo ushobore kwibanda neza ku bintu biri kure.
Retina ni iki kandi ikora ite?
Retina yawe ni urwego rw'ingingo rwihariye cyane kandi rushobora kwihuta cyane. Irimo uturemangingo twitwa photoreceptors , bisobanura "uturemangingo twakira urumuri." Iyo urumuri rugeze kuri utwo turemangingo, habaho ingaruka za shimi n'amashanyarazi. Uku ni ko uturemangingo dushyira urumuri mu bimenyetso by'imitsi.
Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa photoreceptors:
- Inkingi: Izi zishinzwe cyane cyane kumenya itandukaniro mu rumuri. Zigufasha kubona mu bihe by'urumuri rwinshi cyangwa mu bihe by'urumuri ruto.
- Amakoni: Izi zirushaho kuba nziza kandi zishinzwe kubona utuntu duto no kubona amabara atandukanye.
Iyo urumuri rumaze guhinduka izi mvugo z'imitsi, retina irazohereza mu mitsi yawe y'amaso .
Uruhare rw'imitsi y'amaso
Imitsi yawe y'amaso ikora nk'insinga z'amakuru zihuta cyane. Itwara ibimenyetso biva muri retina bikajya mu bice bitandukanye by'ubwonko. Ibi bimenyetso bigenda mu mitsi y'amaso bikagera mu bigo bikora amashusho, ari na byo bishinzwe gusesengura no gusobanura ibyo ureba.
Ubwonko buhita buhamagara bwa nyuma!
Intambwe ya nyuma kandi y'ingenzi cyane iba mu bwonko bwawe. Yakira ibimenyetso byanditseho, ikabishyira mu buryo bworoshye, hanyuma igakoresha ayo makuru kugira ngo yubake ishusho ihuye n'amaso yombi.
Tekereza kuri ibi: uko usoma iyi nteruro, ubwonko bwawe burimo bukoresha ahantu hagenewe indimi no mu bubiko bw'ibitekerezo kugira ngo busobanukirwe amagambo. Uko ni ko usobanukirwa ibyo usoma, ukibuka icyo bisobanura, kandi ukabishyira mu murongo n'ibyo wanyuzemo mbere.
Muri make, ubwonko bwawe buhuza amakuru aturuka mu turere dutandukanye kugira ngo buguhe ishusho yuzuye kandi ifite icyo ivuze ku isi.
Ni ibihe bintu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kureba kwawe?
Kubera ko kureba bisaba guhuza neza imiterere myinshi, indwara zitandukanye zishobora kubangamira iyi gahunda. Hari indwara zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bice byinshi by'umubiri w'umuntu icyarimwe.
Ibintu bisanzwe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kureba birimo:
- Indwara ziterwa n'amaso: Ingero zirimo indwara ya katarakte cyangwa glaucoma.
- Indwara z'imitsi yo mu maso n'iz'amaso: Indwara nka retinopathy ya diyabete iterwa na diyabete.
- Indwara z'imitsi: Ibibazo mu bwonko, nko kurwara indwara yo mu bwonko cyangwa ikibyimba cy'ubwonko, bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo ubona neza.
Ese hari itandukaniro riri hagati y' "kureba" n' "kureba"?
Abantu benshi, harimo n'inzobere zimwe na zimwe, bakoresha amagambo "kureba" na "kubona" mu buryo bumwe. Ariko, si ngombwa ko biba ari ibintu bimwe. Ushobora kubona ibintu mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga (nk'ishusho mu mutwe wawe) udakoresheje amaso yawe. Ku rundi ruhande, hari indwara z'imitsi aho amaso yawe akora neza, ariko ubwonko bwawe bugorwa no gusobanura ibyo ubona.
Kugira ngo bisobanuke neza:
Kureba ni ubushobozi bwo kubona urumuri no kuruhinduramo ibimenyetso kugira ngo ubwonko bushobore kubikora.
Kureba bisaba ubushobozi bw'ubwonko bwo gusobanura ibyo bimenyetso. Iyo hatabayeho ubwo busobanuro, ibimenyetso byoherezwa mu maso bijya mu bwonko nta cyo bivuze.
Urugero rw'iri tandukaniro ni agnosia yo mu maso . Abantu bafite iyi ndwara bafite amaso mazima rwose, ariko ubwonko bwabo bugorwa no kumenya icyo babona. Urundi rugero rwihariye ni prosopagnosia (cyangwa "ubuhumyi bwo mu maso"), aho umuntu ashobora kubona isura neza ariko ntamenye uwo ari we.
Uburyo bwo kurinda amaso yawe y'agaciro
Ushobora gukora ibintu byinshi kugira ngo ukomeze kandi urinde icyerekezo cyawe. Izi ntambwe ni ingenzi:
- Akamaro ko gusuzuma amaso buri gihe: Buri wese, ndetse n'abemera ko afite ubushobozi bwo kureba neza, agomba kwisuzumisha amaso buri gihe. Uku gusuzuma amaso bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo ushobora kutabona. Amakosa yo kureba kure nko kureba hafi (myopia) cyangwa kureba kure (hyperopia) akunze kwiyongera buhoro buhoro ku buryo ushobora kutamenya ko kureba kwawe kwahindutse kugeza igihe umuhanga abivumbuye.
- Rinda amaso yawe kwangirika: Igihe cyose hari ibyago byo kwangirika kw'amaso yawe, shyira imbere uburinzi. Ambara indorerwamo z'umutekano, ubwikingo bwo mu maso, cyangwa ushyireho indorerwamo zirinda amaso. Indorerwamo z'izuba nazo ni ingenzi kuko zirinda amaso yawe imirasire ya UV yangiza.
- Tekereza ku mirire yawe: Amaso yawe akeneye vitamine n'intungamubiri byihariye kugira ngo akore neza. Niba ufite ibibazo bijyanye n'imirire myiza y'amaso, gana muganga wawe w'ibanze cyangwa inzobere mu by'amaso.
- Ntiwibagirwe gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri: Ubuzima bw'amaso yawe bufitanye isano n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Gukomeza gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri bifasha mu kugumana ubuzima bwiza bw'amaraso mu mubiri wawe wose, harimo n'amaso yawe.
- Irinde kunywa itabi n'ibikomoka ku itabi: Kunywa itabi, kunywa itabi mu buryo bwa vape, no kurinywa ni bibi ku buzima bwawe muri rusange kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku maso yawe. Kureka cyangwa kwirinda izi ngeso burundu bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye.
- Shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse niba ufite impinduka zitunguranye mu maso:Niba uhuye n'ikibazo cyo kutabona neza cyangwa impinduka zikomeye mu maso yawe, hita ugana muganga. Ibi bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'ikibazo gikomeye cy'uburwayi.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
Kuri benshi muri twe, kureba ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane dukoresha buri munsi. Nubwo bishobora gusa nkaho ari ikintu cyoroshye, mu by'ukuri ni kimwe mu bikorwa bigoye cyane umubiri wawe ukora. Kugira ngo amaso yawe, amaso yawe, amaso yawe, imitsi y'amaso, n'ubwonko bigomba gukorana neza.
Hari byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo urinde amaso yawe y'agaciro. Ibande ku kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe kugira ngo ugabanyirizeho impungenge ku byo ubona ahubwo umarane igihe kinini wishimira isi ikukikije. Ntiwibagirwe kwita ku maso yawe neza!
Amagambo ahinnye: Kureba, Amaso, Kureba, Ubwonko, Retina, Gupima Amaso, Kurinda Amaso, Ubuzima bw'Amaso
