Reka tumenye byinshi ku bijyanye n'uruhu rwawe, urwego rwo hejuru rw'uruhu rwawe.

Muraho! Muraho? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku kintu cy'ingenzi cyane ku ruhu rwacu. Twese dufite uruhu. Uru ruhu ni rwo rugingo runini mu mubiri wacu. Wari uzi ko hari ibice bitatu by'ingenzi by'uru ruhu? Igice cyo hejuru cyane, icyo tubona kandi tugakoraho iyo tugikoraho, cyitwa 'epidermis' . Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ntwari y'uruhu rwacu, epidermis.

Epidermis ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Noneho reka tubanze turebe icyo iyi epidermis ari cyo. Bivugwa ko uruhu rwawe rufite ibice bitatu by'ingenzi. Ni epidermis (urwego rwo hejuru) , dermis (urwego rwo hagati) , na hypodermis (urwego rwo hasi) . Muri ibi, epidermis ni yo urwego rwo hasi cyane , ariko ni yo ikora akazi gakomeye ko kuturinda isi yo hanze. Ntabwo ari igitangaza? Muri uru rwego rwo hasi hari ibindi bice bitanu bito!

Utwo duce duto dutanu turi mu gahu k'uruhu ni utuhe?

Noneho reka turebe utuntu dutanu duto turi mu gice cy'uruhu. Utwo duce dutondetse kuva hasi kugeza hejuru:

1. Stratum basale (nanone yitwa stratum germinativum):

• Uru ni rwo ruba rwimbitse cyane, munsi y'uruhu rw'imbere rw'inyuma. Ni nk'urufatiro rw'inyubako.
• Uturemangingo dushya tw'uruhu tuba turimo .
• Dore uturemangingo tw’umubiri twitwa 'Keratinocytes' . Izi ni zo zikora poroteyine 'Keratin' . Keratin ni yo ifasha kubaka umusatsi wacu, inzara, n'igice cy'inyuma cy'uruhu rwacu, kandi ikaturinda ibintu bikomeye bidukikije.
• Nanone, hari uturemangingo twitwa 'melanocytes' muri uru rwego. Ni two dukora 'melanin' . Melanin ni ibara riha uruhu rwacu ibara ryarwo.

2. Stratum spinosum:

• Uru rwego ruri hagati y’urwego rwavuzwe haruguru n’urwego rwa granulosum rukurikiraho.
• Igizwe ahanini n'uturemangingo twa keratinocyte. Utu turemangingo dufatanywa na poroteyine zifatana zitwa desmosomes .
• Uru rubavu rwa spinosum nirwo rutuma uruhu rwawe rworoha kandi rugakomera .

3. Stratum granulosum `(Stratum granulosum)`:

• Ibi biri hagati ya spinosum yo mu bwoko bwa stratum na stratum lucidum.
• Imbere mu tunyangingo twa keratinocyte hari utunyangingo duto . Utwo tunyangingo dushobora kubonwa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi.

4. Stratum lucidum:

• Uru ni urwego ruto cyane kandi rubonerana ruri hagati ya stratum granulosum na stratum corneum.
• Aha, uturemangingo twa keratinocyte dutakaza imiterere yatwo izengurutse buhoro buhoro kandi tukaba duto . Uru rwego rugaragara cyane cyane ahantu hari uruhu rwinshi, nko mu biganza byacu no mu birenge byacu.

5. Stratum corneum:

• Uru ni urwego rwo hejuru rw'ikirenge cy'uruhu. Urabona, uru ni rwo urwego urimo gukoraho.
• Aha, utwo turemangingo twa keratinocyte tuba 'corneocytes' . Korneocytes ziba zarapfuye, ariko utwo turemangingo twa keratinocyte turakomeye cyane .
• Ibi nibyo biturinda ibintu nk'imishinyaguro, urumuri rw'izuba, ubushyuhe, n'udukoko twanduza indwara.
• Nanone, uru ruhererekane rurimo ibinure. Bigenzura uburyo amazi yinjira mu mibiri yacu kandi agahinduka umwuka.
• Uko keratinocytes nshya zibaho mu gice cyo hasi (stratum base), izi corneocytes zigenda zigwa buhoro buhoro. Nk'uko amababi ashaje agwa n'andi mashya agakura. Iki ni igikorwa gihoraho.

Tekereza muri ubu buryo, uruhu rw'imbere rumeze nk'igisenge cy'inzu yacu. Nk'uko ruturinda izuba n'imvura, uruhu rw'imbere ruturinda n'isi yo hanze.

Ese uzi icyo ijambo "epidermis" risobanura?

Ibi kandi ni byiza kubimenya. Ijambo "epidermis" rigizwe n'amagambo abiri ya kera y'Ikigiriki. 'epi' bivuga "hejuru" cyangwa "hanze". 'derma' bivuga "uruhu". Mu magambo make, "epidermis" bivuga "ubuso" cyangwa "uruhu rwo hanze" .

None se itandukaniro riri hagati y'uruhu rw'imbere n'uruhu rw'imbere ni irihe?

Ushobora kwibuka ko uruhu rw'imbere ari urwego rwo hejuru. Dermis ni urwego ruri munsi, hagati. Tekereza nk'umugati. Niba uruhu rw'imbere ari agace ko hejuru k'umugati, dermis ni ubwuzuza buryoshye hagati.

• Ubunini: Nubwo uruhu ari rwo runini cyane, uruhu rwo mu bwoko bwa dermis ni rwo runini cyane.
• Imbere: Dermis irimo poroteyine zitwa 'Collagen' na 'Elastin' . Izi ni zo zituma dermis iba nini kandi zigatuma uruhu rukomera neza. Izi zifasha cyane mu gutuma uruhu rwacu ruhora rusa neza rudacika intege.
• Si ibyo gusa, ahubwo n'ingingo zawe zihuza, impera z'imitsi, imyakura y'ibyuya, imyakura y'ibinure, n'imirongo y'umusatsi byose biri muri dermis, ndetse no munsi yayo, muri hypodermis.

Ni iki uruhu rw'imbere rukora ku mubiri wacu? Akamaro karwo ni akahe?

Uruhu rwacu rwose rukorana kugira ngo rurinde amagufwa yacu, ingingo, imitsi, n'ingingo ziri mu mibiri yacu. Urusobe rw'uruhu rufite akazi kadasanzwe:

• Gutanga amazi: Igice cyo hejuru cy'uruhu (stratum corneum) gifasha kubika amazi , bigatuma uruhu rwawe ruhorana amazi kandi rufite ubuzima bwiza, bikarurinda kuma .
• Ikorwa ry'uturemangingo dushya tw'uruhu:Uturemangingo dushya tw’uruhu tuvumburwa mu gice cyo hasi cy’uruhu (stratum base). Uko utwo turemangingo dusaza, tugenda tuzamuka buhoro buhoro. Nyuma y’ukwezi kumwe , tugera ku gice cyo hejuru hanyuma tugasenyuka. Muri icyo gihe, uturemangingo dushya dukomeza kubyazwa munsi. Ni nk’uruganda ruhora rwivugurura .
• Uburinzi: Agahu k'uruhu gakora nk'ingabo . Katurinda imirasire ya ultraviolet (UV) y'izuba, indwara ziterwa na bagiteri, virusi, ibihumyo, udukoko, nibindi, ndetse n'imiti yangiza.
• Ibara ry'uruhu: Urusobe rw'uruhu rurimo ubwoko bw'uturemangingo twitwa 'melanocytes'. Utu turemangingo dukora ibara ryitwa 'melanin'. Ibara ry'uruhu rwawe rigenwa n'ingano ya melanin.

Ni gute uruhu rw'imbere mu mubiri rufasha izindi ngingo?

Mu magambo make, uruhu rw'imbere hamwe n'izindi nganda z'uruhu, bikora nk'ingabo ya mbere irinda ingingo zoroshye, amagufwa, imitsi, n'ingingo ziri mu mubiri wacu ibyago, imvune, n'indwara zituruka hanze.

Ururenda rw'uruhu ruherereye he?

Ibi ntibikwiye kugutangaza, sibyo? Epidermis ni urwego rwo hejuru rw'uruhu tubona kandi tukumva iyo turebye umuntu cyangwa tumukozeho.

Ibara ry'uruhu rw'imbere mu mubiri rikorwa gute?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, ibara karemano ryitwa melanin, rikorwa na melanocytes, niryo rigena ibara ry'uruhu rwacu. Izi melanocytes zikora ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa melanin:

• Eumelanin: Ubu bwoko bwa melanin butuma umusatsi wawe, uruhu rwawe n'amaso yawe bibaho cyane. Iyo umuntu afite uruhu rw'umukara wijimye n'umusatsi w'umukara, ni ukubera ko afite eumelanin nyinshi.
• Pheomelanin: Ubu bwoko bwa melanin ni bwo butuma uruhu rwawe rugira ibara ry'umutuku cyangwa iry'umutuku . Urugero, ni bwo butera iminwa, amabere, imboro n'imisatsi, kandi ni bwo butera bamwe kugira umusatsi utukura.

Buri wese afite ubwoko bubiri bwa melanin mu ruhu rwe mu bipimo bitandukanye. Ni cyo gipimo kigena ibara ry'uruhu rwa buri muntu.

Ururenda rw'uruhu rufite ubunini bungana iki?

Ubunini bw'uruhu rw'imbere buratandukanye bitewe n'ahantu ku mubiri wawe. Urugero, uruhu rw'imbere rurakomera mu bice bikunze gukoreshwa cyane, nko mu birenge byawe no mu mugongo w'amaboko yawe , aho uhura n'ibintu byinshi bitangaje. Ubunini muri utwo duce bushobora kuba milimetero 1.5. Ubwo ni nk'ubunini bw'amakarita abiri y'inguzanyo ashyizwe hejuru y'andi .

Ariko mu bice byoroshye nko mu maso yawe, uruhu rwo mu nda ruba ruto cyane. Rufite ubugari bwa milimetero 0.05 gusa. Ibyo bivuze ko bimezeNi nk'ubunini bw'urupapuro rusanzwe! Biratangaje, si byo se?

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo mu gice cy'imbere cy'uruhu?

Hari ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye bw'uturemangingo mu gice cy'imbere cy'uruhu. Ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo ni:

1. Keratinocytes: Izi selile zikora poroteyine ya keratin, ari nayo gice cy'ingenzi cy'uruhu rw'imbere rw'inyuma. Keratinocytes ni zo selile nyinshi mu ruhu rw'imbere rw'inyuma.

2. Melanocytes: Nkuko twabivuze mbere, izi selile zikora melanin ibara rituma uruhu rwawe rugira ibara ryarwo .

3. Uturemangingo twa Langerhans: Utwo turemangingo ni nk'abarinzi b'uruhu . Dufasha mu gukumira ibintu bidakenewe, nka mikorobe, kwinjira mu ruhu. Ni bimwe mu bigize ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kwibasira uruhu rw'imbere mu nda?

Udukoko tw’uruhu dushobora no kwibasirwa n’indwara zitandukanye n’ibindi bibazo. Zimwe muri zo ni:

• Kurwara ibiheri: Ikibazo kigira ingaruka ku bantu benshi, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'ubuto bwabo.
• Ibibyimba: Ibibyimba biterwa n'indwara za bagiteri rimwe na rimwe zishobora kubabaza.
• Indwara y'uruhu: Indwara ituma igice cy'uruhu cyo ku mutwe gicika.
• Eczema: Indwara ituma uruhu rwumuka, rukaryana, kandi rugatukura.
• Melanoma: Ubwoko bwa kanseri y'uruhu. Iyi ishobora kuba indwara iteje akaga itangirira mu turemangingo twa melanocyte.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ikibazo cy'uruhu rw'imbere mu ruhu?

Niba hari ikibazo ku ruhu rwawe rw'uruhu, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso nk'ibi:

• Kugaragara kw'utudomo twijimye dushya ku ruhu, cyangwa impinduka mu ishusho, ibara, cyangwa ingano y'utudomo dusanzweho.
• Uruhu rwuma cyane rukavunguka.
• Uruhu rurimo gushibuka, ukumva urwego rwo hejuru rw'uruhu rurimo kuvaho.
• Gukura no gushwanyagurika k'uruhu.

Niba ufite ibimenyetso nk'ibi, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga no kugisha inama.

Ni ibihe bizamini bikorerwa kugira ngo harebwe ubuzima bw'uruhu rw'imbere mu ruhu?

Muganga wawe azabanza agusuzumishe neza uruhu rwawe. Byongeye kandi, ashobora no gukora ibizamini bikurikira:

• Ibipimo by'uruhu rw'allergie: Ibi bipimo bifasha kumenya niba uruhu rwawe ruterwa n'allergie.
• Gupima amaraso: Allergie zimwe na zimwe, indwara, n'indwara zishobora kumenyekana binyuze mu gupima amaraso.
• Bisipu y'uruhu: Ibi bikubiyemo gufata agace gato cyane k'uruhu mu gace gafite ikibazo no kugasuzuma hifashishijwe mikorosikopi. Ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya niba hari indwara, indwara cyangwa kanseri.

Niba ukeka ko ufite indwara nka melanoma, ushobora no gukorerwa ibindi bipimo kugira ngo urebe niba yarakwirakwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri.

Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwo kuvura indwara z'uruhu rw'imbere mu ruhu?

Uburyo bwo kuvura buratandukanye bitewe n'indwara igira ingaruka ku ruhu rw'uruhu. Dore bumwe mu buryo busanzwe bwo kuvura:

• Antibiyotike: Izi zitangwa nk'imiti yo kunywa cyangwa amavuta yo kwisiga kugira ngo zivure indwara ziterwa na bagiteri nk'ibiheri, ibibyimba, uruhu rwumye, n'uduheri.
• Imiti irwanya imiyoboro: Ku ndwara z'uruhu ziterwa n'imiyoboro, itangwa mu buryo bw'amavuta, amavuta yo kwisiga, gel, spray, ifu, cyangwa nk'imiti yo kunywa.
• Corticosteroids: Izi zifasha kugabanya ububyimbirwe, gutukura, uburyaryate, no kwangirika kw'ingingo mu ruhu. Zishobora gutangwa nk'amavuta yo kwisiga, ibinini, cyangwa inshinge.
• Retinoids (ibikomoka kuri vitamine A): Iyi miti, ikozwe muri vitamine A, igabanya ibiheri, ikabuza imyenge kuziba, kandi igafasha uruhu kwivugurura.

Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bugomba gukoreshwa hakurikijwe inama za muganga.

Ni ibihe bintu byoroshye dushobora gukora kugira ngo uruhu rwacu rukomeze kuba rwiza?

Hari ibintu byinshi byoroshye dushobora gukora mu rugo kugira ngo uruhu rwacu rwose rukomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza. Reba ibi bikurikira:

• Tegura gahunda yo kwita ku ruhu ikubereye. Shaka inama za muganga cyangwa inzobere mu ruhu kandi wite ku ruhu rwawe uko bikwiye.
• Mu gihe wiyuhagira cyangwa wiyuhagira , koresha isabune yoroshye kandi idakaraba. Mu gihe wumisha uruhu rwawe, rugakore ku ruhu rwawe, aho kurusiga cyane.
• Uruhu rwawe rukimara kuma, mu gihe rugifite ubushuhe, siga amavuta meza yo kwisiga cyangwa amavuta yo kwisiga. Ibi bizagufasha kugumana ubushuhe mu ruhu rwawe. Ushobora kongera kurusiga kabiri cyangwa gatatu ku munsi, cyane cyane niba uruhu rwawe rwumye.
• Irinde koga mu mazi ashyushye cyane, ariko koresha amazi y'akazuyazi. Amazi ashyushye ashobora gukuraho amavuta karemano y'uruhu maze akarumisha.
• Nywa nibura ibirahuri 8 by'amazi ku munsi. Amazi ni inshuti magara y'uruhu rwawe. Atuma uruhu rwawe ruhorana amazi kandi rugahorana amazi meza imbere.
• Kurya ibiryo bikungahaye kuri antioxydants. Shyiramo imbuto (cyane cyane imbuto), imboga (imboga z'icyatsi kibisi), imbuto (amande, walnuts), n'amafi akungahaye kuri aside irike ya omega-3 (salmon, mackerel) mu mirire yawe.
• Gabanya kwibasirwa n'ibidukikije hamwe n'impinduka zitunguranye mu bushyuhe n'ubushuhe.
• Irinde ibintu uzwiho kugira ubwivumbure, imiti izwiho kwangiza uruhu (ibintu bitera ubwivumbure), n'imibavu.
• Buri gihe koresha amavuta yo kwisiga afite SPF nibura 30 cyangwa irenga igihe cyose ugiye ku zuba. Nubwo hatagaragara nk'izuba, imirasire ya UV irashobora kunyura mu bicu.
• Iyo uruhu rwawe ruryamye cyangwa rubabara, ntugafate cyangwa ngo urwanduze. Kubikora bishobora kwangiza uruhu no kongera ibyago byo kwandura.

None se, ni ikihe kintu cy'ingenzi tugomba kwibuka muri ibi byose?

Ubwo twavuze byinshi ku bijyanye n'uruhu rw'imbere. Muri make, ururenda ni urwego rwo hejuru rw'umubiri wacu, ni wo murongo wa mbere w'ubwirinzi ku ruhu rwacu. Ruturinda akaga ko hanze, rutuma uruhu rwacu ruhora rufite ubushuhe, ruhora rukora uturemangingo dushya tw'uruhu, kandi rutuma uruhu rwacu rugira ibara ryiza.

Rero, ni inshingano zacu kubungabunga uruhu rwacu rw'agaciro, ni ukuvuga uruhu rwacu rwose, rufite ubuzima bwiza kandi rwiza. Dushobora kubungabunga uruhu rwacu rumeze neza kandi runezerewe dukora utuntu duto nko kunywa amazi menshi, kurya ibiryo byuzuye intungamubiri, kwisiga amavuta yo kwisiga izuba iyo tugiye ku zuba, no kubungabunga uruhu rwacu. Fata uruhu rwawe mu rukundo!

Epidermis , uruhu, ubuzima bw'uruhu, kwita ku ruhu, keratin, melanin, indwara z'uruhu