Ese wigeze ubona ko umwana wawe rimwe na rimwe yitwara mu buryo butandukanye n’ubw’abandi bana mu ishuri? Wenda afite ubwenge bwinshi, ariko ntashishikajwe cyane no kugira inshuti cyangwa gukina n’abandi. Cyangwa wenda ahora avuga ku ngingo imwe. Ni ibisanzwe ko twebwe ababyeyi twumva dufite impungenge iyo tubonye ibintu nk’ibi. Ariko ntimugahangayike. Impamvu y’ibi bintu ishobora kuba ari indwara ya Asperger . Uyu munsi rero tuzaganira kuri ibi mu buryo bworoshye kandi bwuje ubuntu.
Mu magambo make, Asperger's Syndrome ni iki?
Indwara ya Asperger ni indwara iterwa n'imikurire y'umwana. Ni ukuvuga impinduka nto mu mikurire y'ubwonko bw'umwana. Abaganga ntibakibona iyo ndwara nk'indwara yihariye. Ahubwo, ifatwa nk'igice cy'indwara ya autism spectrum (ASD) .
Wibuke ko indwara ya autisme atari indwara imwe ifite ibimenyetso bimwe, ahubwo ni indwara y’ibimenyetso bitandukanye bifite ubukana butandukanye. Rero indwara ya Asperger ni indwara yoroheje muri ubu bwoko, ifite ibimenyetso bitari bikomeye cyane. Hari igihe abaganga bayita "autisme ikora neza." Ni ukuvuga ko aba bantu bashobora kwihanganira ururimi neza, kandi ubwenge bwabo buri hagati cyangwa hejuru, ariko ibibazo byabo by’ingenzi bivuka iyo bigeze ku mibanire n’abandi.
Igikuru ni uko, iyi si indwara yo mu mutwe cyangwa ikosa mu burere bw'ababyeyi, ahubwo ni impinduka mu buryo ubwonko bukoresha amakuru .
Iri zina ryaje rite?
Indwara ya Asperger yitiriwe Hans Asperger, wahoze ari umuganga i Vienne muri Otirishiya. Mu myaka ya 1940, yabonye bwa mbere imiterere y'ibibazo by'imibereho mu bana bamwe yavuraga. Ibyinshi mu byo tuzi uyu munsi bituruka mu bushakashatsi bwe.
Ariko, hari impaka ku ikoreshwa ry'iri zina. Impamvu ni uko yakoraga mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bw'Abanazi kandi ubushakashatsi bwe bushinjwa kuba bufitanye isano na zimwe mu ngengabitekerezo z'icyo gihe. Kubwibyo, hari abantu badakunda gukoresha iri zina. Ariko, uruhare rwe mu kwemerwa kw'iyi ndwara mu buvuzi rwari ingenzi.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'iyi ndwara?
Ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi. Ibyo bivuze ko nta bantu babiri bafite iyi ndwara bameze kimwe. Ariko hari ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bikunze kugaragara. Bitangira mu bwana, akenshi hagati y'imyaka 5 na 9. Ariko, hari abantu bashobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso nyuma y'ubuzima bwabo.
Kugira ngo byoroshye kubisobanukirwa, reka turebe ibi biranga mu mbonerahamwe.
| Ubwoko bw'imiterere | Ibintu bikunze kugaragara |
|---|---|
| Imibanire n'abandi n'itumanaho |
|
| Imiterere y'imyitwarire | |
| Ibindi bintu |
Iyi ndwara ipimwa ite?
Niba ukeka ko umwana wawe afite ibi bimenyetso,Ikintu cya mbere ugomba gukora ni ukubonana n'umuganga w'abana. Ashobora kukwereka umujyanama w'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe wihariye muri urwo rwego.
Umuganga usuzuma iyo ndwara akunze kukubaza ibibazo bijyanye n'imyitwarire y'umwana wawe, urugero:
- Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'umwana kandi ni ryari wabibonye bwa mbere?
- Ni ryari umwana yize kuvuga bwa mbere? Ni gute avugana n'abandi?
- Ese hari ingingo cyangwa ibikorwa ashishikajwe na byo by'umwihariko?
- Ese umwana afite inshuti? Abana ate n'abandi?
Hanyuma, muganga areba umwana mu bihe bitandukanye, akareba uko avugana n'uko yitwara. Nta gipimo cy'amaraso cyangwa isuzuma ryihariye rikorwa. Isuzuma rikorwa hifashishijwe kwiga witonze imiterere y'imyitwarire y'umwana n'amateka ye y'imikurire.
Niba ubona ko ufite ibi bimenyetso nk'umuntu mukuru, ushobora no kubonana na muganga wawe ukaganira kuri byo. Azakohereza ku muganga w'inzobere ubikwiye. Hari inzobere nyinshi zishobora kugufasha muri ibi:
- Abahanga mu by'imitekerereze: Bamenya kandi bavure ibibazo by'amarangamutima n'imyitwarire.
- Abaganga b'indwara z'imitsi: Bavura indwara zifitanye isano n'ubwonko.
- Abaganga b'abana bakuze: Bafite ubumenyi mu mivugire y'abana, ururimi rwabo, n'ibindi bibazo by'imikurire yabo.
- Abaganga b'indwara zo mu mutwe: Inzobere mu bijyanye n'indwara zo mu mutwe kandi bashobora kukwandikira imiti iyo bibaye ngombwa.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura?
Ntabwo ishobora "gukira" burundu kuko ari imikorere itandukanye n'indwara. Ariko, hamwe n'ubuvuzi n'ubufasha bikwiye, ushobora guhangana n'ibibazo bizanwa n'iki kibazo kandi ukabaho ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije.
Kubera ko abantu bose batandukanye, nta buryo bumwe bwo kuvura bushobora kubakwira bose. Muganga wawe azagerageza uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura kugira ngo ashake uburyo bukwiriye wowe cyangwa umwana wawe.
- Amahugurwa ku bumenyi bw'imibanire n'abandi: Mu matsinda cyangwa ku giti cye, umuvuzi yigisha abantu uburyo bwo kuganira n'abandi, kwitwara nabo, no kugaragaza ibitekerezo byabo mu buryo bukwiye.
- Ubuvuzi bw'ururimi rukoresha imvugo: Ibi bifasha kunoza ubuhanga bwo kuvugana. Urugero, aho kuvuga mu ijwi rimwe, bikwigisha uburyo bwo gukoresha ijwi, uburyo bwo gukomeza ikiganiro hagati y'abantu babiri, n'uburyo bwo gusobanukirwa ibimenyetso n'amaso.
- Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire mu bwenge (CBT):Ibi bikora binyuze mu guhindura imiterere y'ibitekerezo no kugufasha kugenzura amarangamutima n'imyitwarire isubiramo. Bishobora kugufasha kugenzura ibintu nk'ibitekerezo bikabije, uburakari bukomeye, no kwiheba.
- Ubuvuzi: Nta miti yihariye ihari kuri ubu ivura indwara ya Asperger cyangwa autism. Ariko, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira imiti imwe n'imwe (urugero: SSRIs, Antipsychotics) kugira ngo ifashe mu kugabanya ingaruka mbi z'iyi ndwara , nko kwiheba no guhangayika .
- Uburezi n'amahugurwa ku babyeyi: Niba umwana wawe afite iyi ndwara, uzigishwa ubuhanga bumwe n'umwana wawe. Hanyuma ushobora gufasha umwana wawe guteza imbere ubumenyi bwo kubana n'abandi mu rugo.
Igikuru ni uguha aba bana urukundo, ubumva, no kwihangana. Mu kumenya no kubatera inkunga, bashobora gutsinda mu rwego urwo arirwo rwose.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Indwara ya Asperger si indwara yihariye, ahubwo ni kimwe mu bigize indwara ya autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
- Bigira ingaruka cyane cyane ku mibanire n'abantu, itumanaho, n'imyitwarire.
- Ibi si ikosa ry'ababyeyi cyangwa kutagira uburere bwiza. Ni impinduka zisanzwe mu mikurire y'ubwonko.
- Niba ukeka ko umwana wawe afite ibi bimenyetso, ntutinye gushaka inama kwa muganga .
- Iyo umuntu urwaye Asperger syndrome avuwe neza, agahabwa ubuvuzi n'inkunga bikwiye, ashobora kubaho ubuzima bwiza, burangwa n'ibyishimo kandi bushimishije. Ashobora kuba afite impano n'imbaraga bidasanzwe.
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