Ese waba warapimwe hemoglobin yawe? Reka tuvuge ku ikizamini cya Hemoglobin Electrophoresis!

Muraho! Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku isuzuma ry'amaraso rishobora kuba ari rishya kuri wewe, ariko ni ingenzi cyane mu gusuzuma indwara zimwe na zimwe. Iki ni ikizamini cyitwa Hemoglobin Electrophoresis . Ahari muganga wawe yagusabye gukora iki kizamini, cyangwa wigeze kumva iri zina ahantu runaka. Nubwo izina ari rirerure gato, ntugire ubwoba! Biroroshye cyane. Tuzabivugaho byose neza muri iyi nkuru uyu munsi.

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis ni iki?

Mu magambo make, ubu ni uburyo bwo gusesengura poroteyine yitwa hemoglobine iri mu turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. Ushobora kwibuka ko hemoglobine ari poroteyine y'ingenzi itwara ogisijeni mu mibiri yacu kandi igaha uturemangingo dutukura ibara ryatwo ritukura. Ikorwa ry'iyi hemoglobine neza rigenzurwa n'uturemangingo twacu.

Ariko, rimwe na rimwe, impinduka zimwe na zimwe, cyangwa impinduka, zishobora kubaho mu turemangingo tugenzura hemoglobin. Iyo ibi bibaye, aho kugira uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso tuzima, uturemangingo dutukura twangiritse kandi tudakora neza dutangira kubaho. Utwo turemangingo twangiritse dusenyuka vuba, bishobora gutera indwara nka anemia , cyangwa indwara zikomeye ziterwa n’amaraso nka sickle cell anemia na thalassemia .

Rero, iki kizamini cya hemoglobin electrophoresis gifasha abaganga kumenya niba bene ibyo bibazo bihari. Nanone, iki kizamini ni kimwe mu bizamini bike bikorerwa ku bana bavutse. Gifasha mu gutahura hakiri kare indwara zidasanzwe ariko zishobora kuba zikomeye nka sickle cell anemia.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'ikizamini cya hemoglobin na electrophoresis ya hemoglobin?

Aha niho abantu benshi bahurira n'urujijo. Ikizamini gisanzwe cya hemoglobin gipima ingano ya hemoglobin mu turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso yawe. Ni ukuvuga ko kigenzura niba hemoglobin yawe iri hasi, iri hejuru, cyangwa isanzwe.

Ariko, ikizamini cya hemoglobin electrophoresis gikora ikintu cyimbitse kurusha ibyo. Gisesengura ubwoko butandukanye bwa hemoglobin mu turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso yawe, n'ingano ya buri bwoko buriho. Ese usobanukiwe itandukaniro? Kimwe kireba ingano, ikindi kikareba ubwoko n'ingano by'ubwo bwoko.

None se, ubwo bwoko bwa hemoglobin ni ubuhe?

Ubusanzwe abaganga bibanda ku bwoko bune bw'ingenzi bwa hemoglobin muri iki kizamini. Reka tumenye bike kuri byo.

• Hemoglobini A1 na A2 (HgbA1 na HgbA2): Ubu bwoko bwa hemoglobine, bwitwa hemoglobine A1, ni bwo bwinshi cyane mu turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso y'umuntu mukuru muzima. Hemoglobini A2 ni ubwoko buto, bugize hafi 2% kugeza kuri 3% bya hemoglobine yose. Izi zinatwa "hemoglobini z'abantu bakuru."

• Hemoglobini F (HgbF): Iyi yitwa "Hemoglobini y'umwana uri mu nda"Nk’uko izina ribigaragaza, ubu bwoko bwa HgbF buboneka mu turemangingo dutukura tw’abana bakiri mu nda, abana bavutse, n’abana bafite kugeza ku myaka 3. Ariko, bishobora kuba ibidasanzwe kugira urugero rwa HgbF ruri hejuru cyane kuruta urwasanzwe mu maraso y’umuntu mukuru.

• Hemoglobini S (HgbS): Ubu bwoko bwa hemoglobin ni ikimenyetso gikomeye cya sickle cell anemia . Sickle cell anemia ni indwara ikomeye iri mu itsinda ry'indwara za sickle cell . Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bantu bakomoka muri Afurika . HgbS ituma uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso duhinduka imiterere ya sickle, ishobora kuziba imiyoboro y'amaraso.

• Hemoglobini C (HgbC): Ubu bwoko bwa hemoglobine bufitanye isano n'indwara yitwa hemolytic anemia . Iyi ni indwara aho uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso twangirika vuba kurusha uturemangingo dusanzwe cyangwa igihe cyo kubaho kwatwo kikagabanuka. Kimwe n'indwara ya sickle cell anemia, iyi ndwara ya HgbC nayo ikunze kugaragara mu bantu bakomoka muri Afurika .

Noneho biragaragara ko hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa hemoglobine, kandi buri bwoko bufite imikorere n'ingaruka byihariye.

Iki gipimo gikorwa gute? Amaraso afatwa ate?

Kugira ngo dukore iki kizamini, dukeneye gusa ikizamini cy'amaraso. Baganga, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gufata iki gipimo cy'amaraso. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo.

1. Gukurura amaraso mu mitsi

Ubu ni bwo buryo busanzwe bukoreshwa mu gukusanya amaraso y'abantu bakuru n'abana bakuru. Ushobora kuba waratanze amaraso muri ubu buryo.

• Ubwa mbere, umuforomo cyangwa umuganga azasukura aho imitsi yawe iri ku kuboko kwawe akoresheje inzoga.
• Hanyuma, bagushyiraho agapira ko kuguru, bakagukomeza, hanyuma bakagusaba gukanda ukuboko kwawe. Ibi bizatuma imitsi igaragara neza kandi byoroshye gukurura amaraso.
• Hanyuma, umuforomo ashyira urushinge mu mitsi. Muri iki gihe, ushobora kumva ububabare buto, nk'ubwo warumwe n'ikimonyo. Ariko bimara amasegonda make gusa.
• Kura amaraso akenewe mu gacupa gato hanyuma wohereze muri laboratwari kugira ngo apimwe.
• Nyuma yo gukurura amaraso, hashyirwa plaster nto aho urushinge rwashyizwe. Aho hantu hashobora kuba hakomeretse gato ndetse hagahinduka ubururu mu minsi mike. Ibi ni ibisanzwe, ntugire ikibazo.

2. Inkoni y'urutoki

Ubu buryo bukunze gukoreshwa mu gufata amaraso y'abana bato.

• Ibi bikubiyemo gutobora urutoki rw'umwana ukoresheje igikoresho gito hanyuma ugafata ibitonyanga bike by'amaraso.
• Ikizamini cy'amaraso gishyirwa ku gapapuro k'ikizamini kabigenewe cyangwa mu gacupa gato.
• Hari igihe hari ibikoresho bishobora gukusanya amaraso no kuyashyira icyarimwe. Ubu buryo ni bwo bwihuse kandi bworoshye.

3. Inkoni y'agatsinsino

Ibi bikorwa mu rwego rwo gupima ubuzima bw'umwana ukiri muto. Iki kizamini gikunze gukorwa mu masaha 48 umwana avutse.

• Muri ibi, urushinge ruto rushyirwa munsi y'agatsinsino k'umwana maze hakaboneka ibitonyanga bike by'amaraso.
• Muri iki gihe, umubyeyi cyangwa se ashobora gufata umwana. Hanyuma umwana na we azumva ahumurijwe.
• Amaraso arakusanywa yoherezwa muri laboratwari nyuma yo gusigwa ku rupapuro.
• Ibi bizamini bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma ibimenyetso by'indwara zidasanzwe ariko zishobora kuvurwa nka sickle cell anemia, bivuze ko zifite ubwoko budasanzwe bwa hemoglobin.

Ni gute iki gipimo cy'amaraso kizasuzumwa muri laboratwari?

Noneho twafashe ikizamini cy'amaraso. Ni iki gikurikiraho? Muri laboratwari, ubwo bwoko bwa hemoglobin buratandukanywa kandi bukamenyekana mu buryo bushimishije cyane. Ibyo byitwa gukoresha amashanyarazi . Ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwa hemoglobin bufite amashanyarazi atandukanye.

Dore uko iki kizamini gisanzwe gikora:

• Ubwa mbere, uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso dutandukanywa n’ingero y’amaraso hanyuma tugashonga. Uru rugero rw’uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso dushongeshejwe rushyirwa ku murongo wihariye, nk’umurongo wa selulose .
• Hanyuma, agace karimo icyitegererezo gashyirwa mu mashini yitwa electrophoresis chamber . Iyi mashini inyuzamo umuriro w'amashanyarazi.
• Mu gusubiza umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, ubwoko bwa hemoglobine bufite ingufu z'amashanyarazi zitandukanye buri umwe ukwawo kandi bugenda ku murongo ku muvuduko utandukanye.
• Amaherezo, ubwo bwoko bwa hemoglobin butandukanye bugaragara nk'imirongo y'amabara atandukanye ku murongo.
• Hanyuma, abahanga mu by'ubuvuzi bagereranya ibi bipimo n'ibipimo by'ingero zisanzwe za hemoglobine z'umuntu muzima.
• Niba urugero rw'ubwoko runaka bwa hemoglobine ruri hejuru cyane cyangwa ruri hasi cyane ugereranije n'ibisanzwe, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara y'amaraso. Urugero, niba ubwoko bwawe bwa hemoglobine S (HgbS) busa n'ubutandukanye n'ubw'umuntu usanzwe, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'uko ufite indwara yo kubura amaraso mu maraso.

Tekereza muri ubu buryo, nk'uko iyo ujugunye utubuye tw'uburemere butandukanye mu mugezi w'amazi, utubuye dukora intera zitandukanye bitewe n'uburemere bwatwo. Aha ngaha, amashanyarazi akora nk'uwo "mugezi w'amazi".

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya isoelectric focus (IEF) na electrophoresis?

Isoelectric focusing (IEF) ni ubundi buryo bukoreshwa mu kumenya ubwoko budasanzwe bwa hemoglobin. IEF na electrophoresis byombi bikoresha amashanyarazi mu gutandukanya ubwoko bwa hemoglobin. Ariko, hari itandukaniro rya tekiniki hagati y’uburyo bubiri. Rimwe na rimwe, ubwo buryo bwombi bushobora gukoreshwa mu kumenya neza ubwoko bwa hemoglobin.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo raporo igere?

Ikizamini gishobora gufata isaha imwe kugira ngo kirangire muri laboratwari. Ariko, bishobora gufata iminsi mike kugira ngo muganga wawe abone ibisubizo, abisuzume, kandi abigusobanurire. Rero ntugategereze ko raporo izahita ikorwa nyuma y’ikizamini. Muganga azakubwira umunsi ugomba kuza gufata raporo.

Raporo yanjye isobanura iki? Nayumva nte?

Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Raporo yawe ya electrophoresis ya hemoglobin izagaragaza intera runaka kuri buri bwoko bwa hemoglobin. Urugero, niba urugero rwawe rwa hemoglobin F (HgbF) ruri hejuru cyane kuruta uko bisanzwe, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'ubwoko runaka bwa thalassemia.

Ariko, ugomba kwibuka ibi neza:

Ntugafate icyemezo ku ndwara iyo ari yo yose ukurikije imibare iri muri raporo. Icyo ni kimwe mu bice by'isuzuma. Umuntu mwiza wo gusobanukirwa neza ibiri muri raporo yawe n'uko bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe ni muganga wawe . Azasuzuma byose uhereye ku bimenyetso byawe, ibindi bisubizo by'ibizamini, n'amateka yawe y'ubuvuzi kugira ngo agufashe gusuzuma neza.

Niba raporo yanjye igaragaje ibitagenda neza, ese nahamagara muganga?

Yego rwose. Niba warakorewe iki kizamini cya hemoglobin electrophoresis bitewe n'ibimenyetso ibyo ari byo byose (urugero: umunaniro ukabije, uburibwe, guhumeka nabi), ugomba guhita ubonana na muganga wawe kugira ngo agusobanurire ibyavuye muri iyo raporo.

Ikizamini cya hemoglobine electrophoresis kiduha ishusho y'ubwoko bwa hemoglobine mu maraso yawe muri ako kanya. Igipimo cya hemoglobine ni uburyo bwo gusuzuma iyi poroteyine y'ingenzi mu turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso yacu. Impinduka zidasanzwe mu rugero rw'ubwoko runaka bwa hemoglobine zishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'uko ushobora kuba ufite ikibazo cy'uburwayi.

Niba ibisubizo by'ibizamini byawe cyangwa iby'umwana wawe bigaragaza ko ufite indwara ikomeye, biroroshye kumva uremerewe kandi utinya urebye ishusho gusa. Cyane cyane iyo ari ubuzima bw'umwana wawe muto cyangwa umwana ukiri muto, ni ibisanzwe kumva uremerewe. Ariko gerageza kureba ishusho rusange aho kugira ubwoba. Umuntu mwiza wo kugufasha muri ibyo ni muganga wawe. Ashobora gusobanura uburyo iyi "shusho" ihuye n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange n'icyo ugomba gukora ubutaha.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Ndizera ko ubu usobanukiwe neza ikizamini cya hemoglobin electrophoresis twaganiriyeho uyu munsi. Dore ibintu bike ugomba kuzirikana:

• Hemoglobin electrophoresis ni ikizamini cyihariye cy'amaraso kigaragaza ubwoko butandukanye bwa hemoglobin mu maraso n'ingano yazo.
• Ibi bifasha gusuzuma indwara ziterwa n'amaraso nka sickle cell anemia na thalassemia .
• Umwana w'uruhinjaIbi kandi bikorwa mu rwego rwo gusuzuma ubuzima.
• Ubwoko bwa hemoglobine butandukanywa no gufata ikizamini cy'amaraso no gukoresha amashanyarazi .
• Buri gihe vugana na muganga wawe, ntugerageze kumva ibyavuye muri raporo wenyine.
• Niba ibisubizo bitameze neza, ntugatinye kandi ukurikize amabwiriza ya muganga. Kumenya kare ni yo ntambwe ya mbere yo kuvurwa neza.

Twizeye ko aya makuru azaba ingirakamaro. Komeza kugira ubuzima bwiza!

Hemoglobini Electrophoresis, Hemoglobini, Uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, Anemia, Anemia y'uturemangingo tw'umutsima, Thalassemia