Iyi nkuru ivuga ku muyobozi ukomeye mu bwonko bwawe: ubwonko!

Ese wari uzi ko ubwonko buri mu mutwe wawe ari urugingo rutangaje? Ni nk'urundi runini. Rero, igice cy'ingenzi kandi kinini cy'urundi runini ni ubwonko, cyangwa icyo twita `(Cerebrum)`. Uru rwonko rugira uruhare mu byo utekereza no gukora hafi ya byose. Uyu munsi, reka tuvuge kuri uru rugingo rutangaje mu buryo bworoshye ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Ubwonko bunini (ubwonko bwo mu mutwe) ni iki? Mu magambo make cyane...

Mu magambo make, igice kinini cy'ubwonko bwawe ni ubwonko. Buherereye imbere no hejuru y'umutwe wawe. Izina rikomoka ku ijambo ry'ikilatini risobanura "ubwonko."

Kuva ubyutse mu gitondo kugeza ugiye kuryama nijoro, ibyo ukora byose, ibyo utekereza n'ibyo wumva, ibi byose biba biri munsi y'ubwonko bunini `(ubwonko bw'ijisho). Mu by'ukuri, ubwonko ni bwo butugira "twe", ubwonko ni bwo budufasha guhangana n'iyi si. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bamaze imyaka myinshi bakora ubushakashatsi kuri ubwo bwonko. Bavuga ko hakiri byinshi byo kuvumbura. Ariko, kubera ikoranabuhanga rishya n'iterambere mu buvuzi, turimo kwiga ibintu bishya kuri bwo buri munsi.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'ubwonko n'ubwonko bw'inyuma?

Noneho ushobora kuba urimo kwibaza uti "Ese hari ibindi bice by'ubwonko?" Yego, ikindi gice cy'ingenzi cyitwa cerebellum .

• Ubwonko: Iki ni cyo gice kinini cy'ubwonko. Giherereye hejuru no imbere y'ubwonko. Kigenzura ibikorwa byacu by'ubwenge n'imikorere yacu y'ubwonko .
• Cerebellum: Aka ni agace gato, gaherereye inyuma y'umutwe, hepfo. Gahana ibimenyetso n'ibindi bice by'ubwonko n'ibindi bice by'umubiri kandi kagagenzura uburinganire bw'umubiri n'ingendo nziza. Tekereza ibintu nk'igihe ugenda cyangwa wiruka.

Mu magambo make, iyo utekereje gukora ikintu runaka, igitekerezo gituruka mu bwonko. Indwara y'ubwonko igufasha kubikora neza kandi nta gushidikanya.

Akamaro k'ubwonko ni akahe?

Tekereza nk'icyicaro gikuru cy'urwego rwawe. Niho ufata ibyemezo by'ingenzi kandi ugagenzura akazi kawe. Reba icyo bikora:

• Kugenzura ibyumviro byawe bitanu: icyo ubona (ubona), icyo wumva (umva), icyo uhumura ( impumuro ), icyo uryoherwa (uryoherwa), n'icyo wumva ku ruhu rwawe (ukozaho) byose bigengwa n'ubwonko.
• Ururimi: Ushobora gusoma, kwandika no kuvuga bitewe n'ibice bitandukanye by'ubwonko.
• Kwibuka gukora: Iyi ni ukwibuka kw'igihe gito. Urugero, niba urimo gutekereza kujya mu iduka ukagura ibintu bimwe na bimwe, ibi nibyo bigufasha kwibuka ibintu nk'ibyo.
• Imyitwarire n'imico: Igice cy'imbere cy'ubwonko, igice cy'imbere cy'ubwonko, kigenzura imico yawe n'imyitwarire yawe. Kikora nk'akayunguruzo, kikagufasha kwirinda kuvuga cyangwa gukora ibintu ushobora kwicuza nyuma.
• Ingendo: Iyo ushaka kwimura ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru, ibimenyetso bikenewe byoherezwa ku mitsi iturutse mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'ubwonko.
• Kwiga, gutekereza, no gukemura ibibazo : Iyo wize ikintu gishya, utegura gahunda, cyangwa ugerageza gukemura ikibazo, ibice bitandukanye by'ubwonko bikora hamwe.

Ni gute ubwonko bukorana n'izindi ngingo?

Ubwonko ntibukora bwonyine. Bukorana n'ibindi bice by'ubwonko, cyane cyane ubwonko bwo mu mutwe, kugira ngo bworoshye imirimo yawe ya buri munsi.

Tekereza urimo kugerageza gufata ikaramu iri ku meza. Ubwonko bwohereza ikimenyetso ku mitsi iri mu kiganza cyawe kugira ngo ifate ikaramu. Ariko ubwonko bwo mu mutwe bufasha ukuboko kwawe kugenda neza ku ikaramu no kuyifata neza, nta kuzenguruka. Iyo ngendo igenzurwa neza na cerebellum.

Nanone, ubwonko ni ishingiro ry'ibintu nko gutekereza neza, gutegura, gufata icyemezo cyo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, guhitamo ibyo kurya, no gufata gahunda yo kubonana na muganga. Kubwibyo, ubwonko ni ingenzi cyane ku buzima n'imibereho myiza y'umubiri wawe wose.

Ibintu bishimishije utari uzi ku bijyanye n'ubwonko!

• Ishusho inyuranyije: Iki ni ikintu kidasanzwe cyane. Iyo ukoze ikintu ukoresheje uruhande rumwe rw'umubiri wawe, kigenzurwa n'urundi ruhande rw'ubwonko bwawe. Urugero, iyo umuntu agize ikibazo cyo gucika intege mu bwonko bwe ibumoso, ingaruka zigaragara ku ruhande rw'iburyo rw'umubiri we.
• Ubwonko bwawe bushobora guhinduka cyane: Ubwonko bwawe bushobora "kwivugurura," bivuze impinduka ubwazo. Ubu bushobozi ni ingirakamaro mu gihe wiga ibintu bishya cyangwa ukira ibikomere byo mu bwonko.
• Hari ibice byihariye by'ubwonko : ibice bitandukanye by'ubwonko bigira uruhare mu bushobozi n'impano bitandukanye. Ariko, igitekerezo cy'uko hari abantu "bafite ubwonko bw'ibumoso" cyangwa "bafite ubwonko bw'iburyo" ni umugani kandi ntabwo byemejwe na siyansi.

Ubwonko buherereye he? Bumeze bute?

Ubwonko buba mu gahanga kawe, hejuru no imbere y'umutwe wawe. Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, iki ni cyo gice kinini cy'ubwonko.

Urebye inyuma, ubuso bw'ubwonko, cyangwa cortex y'ubwonko, ahanini buraryoshye, ariko bufite iminkanyari myinshi. Busa n'urubuto rwa walnut rwakuweho igishishwa. Bugabanyijemo ibice bibiri - igice cy'ibumoso n'igice cy'iburyo. Hari umwobo munini hagati y'ibi bice bibiri. Ibi bice bibiri bihuzwa n'umutsi w'imitsi witwa corpus callosum. Aha niho ibimenyetso byoherezwa bivuye ku ruhande rumwe rw'ubwonko bijya ku rundi.

Ni ibihe bice by'ingenzi (utubyimba) tw'ubwonko?

Hari "uturemangingo" dutanu tw'ingenzi mu bice byombi by'ubwonko bwawe, buri kimwe gifite akazi kacyo.

• Agace k'imbere: Aka gace gaherereye imbere y'umutwe. Gagenzura uburyo umuntu yita ku bintu, kugenzura imyitwarire (ni ukuvuga gusobanukirwa ibikwiye n'ibidakwiriye), imvugo , n'imitsi imwe n'imwe.
• Agace k'imbere k'umutwe: Aka gace gaherereye hejuru y'umutwe. Gagenzura ibyiyumvo nko gukoraho, ubushyuhe, n'ububabare. Kagufasha kandi kubona isi ikukikije, gupima intera n'ingano y'ibintu. Kagira uruhare mu bintu nko gutunganya amajwi, indimi uvuga, imibare n'ibarura, gutunganya amakuru no gufata ibyemezo.
• Agace k'inyuma: Aka gace kaba ku mpande z'umutwe. Kadufasha kumva ururimi iyo abandi bavuga. Kadufasha kandi kumenya abantu n'ibintu. Kadufasha kandi guhuza amarangamutima n'ibyibuka.
• Agace k'imbere: Aka gace kaba kari mu bwonko, munsi y'agace k'imbere, k'imbere, n'ak'imbere. Kagenzura uburyohe. Bivugwa kandi ko gafasha mu gutunganya amarangamutima amwe n'amwe, nko kwishyira mu mwanya w'abandi no kumva.
• Agace k'amaso: Aka gace gaherereye inyuma y'umutwe. Gagenzura ibyinshi mu byiyumvo uva mu maso yawe, nko kubona imyenge no kubona amabara.

Izindi nyubako nyinshi z'ingenzi

Uretse ibi bice, ubwonko bufite izindi nyubako nyinshi zigira imirimo yihariye cyane:

• Ingirabuzimafatizo zo mu bwonko: Uru ni urwego rworoshye rw'imitsi iri ku buso bw'ubwonko, nk'igishishwa cy'igiti.
• Thalamus: Ibi ni nk'"ahantu ho guhagarara ibimenyetso" mu bwonko. Bitunganya amakuru ava mu byumviro byawe (usibye impumuro) hanyuma bikayohereza mu bice by'ubwonko bikwiye. Impumuro ijya mu bwonko, ntabwo inyura muri thalamus.
• Hypothalamus:Iherereye munsi ya thalamus. Icunga imikorere y'imitsi yawe n'imikorere y'imisemburo. Izi sisitemu zombi zifasha kugenzura izindi sisitemu n'imikorere mu mubiri. Urugero, hypothalamus ifasha kugenzura ibintu nk'ubushyuhe bw'umubiri wawe, umuvuduko w'umutima, n'umuvuduko w'amaraso.
• Hippocampus: Iyi miterere iherereye mu gice cy'ubwonko. Ifasha gucunga kwibuka, kubibika mu bice bitandukanye by'ubwonko, no kubyibuka igihe ubikeneye.

Kuki ubwonko bufite ibice byinshi? Kuki imirimo imwe n'imwe igabanyijemo ibice byinshi?

Ushobora kuba wibaza uti "Kuki aya makuru amwe arimo gutunganywa n'ibice byinshi by'ubwonko?" Impamvu ni uko aya makuru afitanye isano mu buryo bwinshi.

Tekereza, uri kugenda mu muhanda ugahita ubona inzoka nini. Ubwonko bwawe bufite amakuru angahe yo gutunganya muri ako kanya, kandi ni iki wakora kugira ngo uhunge iyo nyamaswa?

• Iyerekwa: Amaso yawe abona inzoka. Ubwonko bubanza gufata ayo makuru bukayatangira kuyohereza mu bindi bice by'ubwonko. Muri icyo gihe, ubona ibintu nko kuba inyamaswa iri kure, niba iri kugenda, n'uko igenda yihuta.
• Kumva: Umva urusaku rw'inzoka y'impinja irimo gutontoma, cyangwa irindi jwi.
• Kwibuka: Ubwonko bwawe butangira kugereranya ibyo ubona n'ibyo wabonye mbere, cyangwa ikindi kintu gisa nabyo. Urugero, niba utigeze ubona inzoka, ariko ukaba warabonye inzoka, wibuka ibyo byabayeho. Kandi uzi ko ari inyamaswa iteje akaga. Ubwonko bwawe bubika ibyo uhura na byo muri ako kanya, wizeye ko amakuru azagira akamaro mu gihe kizaza.
• Ururimi: Iki gice cy'ubwonko kigufasha kuvuga ibyo ubona, cyane cyane iyo ubwira abagukikije uti "Iyo ni impiri!"
• Gufata ibyemezo no gufata umwanzuro: Ufata umwanzuro ko atari byiza kuba hafi y'inzoka y'impinja, bityo ugomba kubyirinda.
• Ingendo: Ubwonko bwawe bwohereza ibimenyetso ku mitsi y'amaguru yawe, bukakubwira kwirukira ahantu hatekanye.

Urabona, ni ibice bingahe by'ubwonko bikorana mu gihe kimwe!

Ubwonko bungana iki? Bupima angahe? Bukozwe mu ki?

Ubwonko bw'umuntu mukuru bungana n'ubwa baseball inshuro eshatu cyangwa enye. Bityo, hafi 80% by'ubwonko bwose buri mu bwonko. Ibyo bivuze ko bungana n'ubwa baseball inshuro eshatu.

Ku bijyanye n'uburemere, ubwonko busanzwe bw'umuntu mukuru bupima hagati y'ibiro 2.6 na 3.1 (ibiro 1.2 na 1.4). Ubwonko bwonyine bupima hagati y'ibiro 2.9 na 1.1 (ibiro 0.9 kugeza 1.1).

Umubiri w'ubwonko ugizwe na:

• Amazi (amazi) - hafi 77%
• Amavuta y'ibinure - hafi 11%
• Poroteyine - hafi 8%
• Ibindi bintu - hafi 4%

Ni izihe ndwara n'indwara zikunze kwibasira ubwonko?

Indwara iyo ari yo yose igira ingaruka ku bwonko bwawe ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku bwonko. Ibi birimo ibibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe. Ingero zimwe na zimwe z'ingenzi ni izi:

• Indwara ya Alzheimer
• Indwara zo guhangayika
• Indwara yo kudakora neza (ADHD)
• Igisebe cy'imitsi
• Kwangirika k'ubwonko bitewe n'ibikomere byo mu mutwe (Ibikomere byo mu bwonko no mu bwonko bukomeretse - TBI)
• Indwara zo mu nda (urugero: indwara ya Menkes)
• Indwara yo mu mutwe (Dementia)
• Ihungabana
• Kuzungera (vertigo)
• Indwara y'igicuri
• Indwara z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri n'indwara zo kubyimba (urugero: fibromyalgia)
• Indwara z'uturemangingo (indwara zikomoka ku babyeyi, urugero nk'indwara ya Wilson)
• Indwara (ziterwa na bagiteri, virusi, udukoko, ibihumyo)
• Indwara ya Parkinson
• Indwara yo guhangayika nyuma y'ihungabana (PTSD)
Schizophrenia-amarangamutima `(Schizophrenia)`
• Kubura vitamine n'ibibazo by'imirire (urugero: kubura vitamine B12, hypothyroidism)

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara mu bihe nk'ibi?

Ibimenyetso bitandukanye bishobora kubaho iyo ubwonko bufashwe n'indwara. Bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara birimo:

• Aphasia: Iyo ibice by'ubwonko bivunitse, bishobora kugorana kuvuga no kumva ibyo abandi bavuga.
• Ataxia: Ibi ni ukubura uburyo umubiri ukorana. Ibi bishobora gutera gusitara, kubura uburinganire, no kugorwa no gukora imirimo isanzwe n'amaboko.
• Impinduka mu myitwarire no mu rujijo.
• Kuzungera.
• Kuribwa umutwe no kurwara umutwe.
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka.
• Kurema: Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bice bitandukanye by'umubiri.
• Guhinda umushyitsi: Iyo imitsi ibuze uburyo bwo guhuza imitsi, ibice by'umubiri, cyane cyane amaboko, bishobora gutigita.
• Kugorwa no gutekereza no gutekereza.
• Ibibazo byo kureba: Ubwonko bufite inshingano zo kugenzura amaso yawe n'uburyo ubwonko bwawe bukora ibyo ubona. Ibibazo byo kureba bishobora kuva ku kutabona neza kugeza ku kugorama no guhuma.

Ni ibihe bipimo bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe ubuzima bw'ubwonko?

Hari ibizamini byinshi bishobora gufasha gusuzuma indwara zigira ingaruka ku bwonko bwawe, cyangwa ubwonko. Ibizamini bikunze kugaragara ni ibi bikurikira:

• Ibipimo by'amaraso: Ibi bishobora gusuzuma ibibazo by'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri n'uburozi, cyane cyane ibyuma nk'umuringa, mu mubiri.
• Gupima CT (gupima hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga)
• E.E.G. `(EEG - Electroencephalogram)`
• EMG (Electromyogram)
• Ikizamini cy'ubushobozi cyakuweho
• Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo
• MRI (Ishusho ya Magnetic Resonance)
• Gupima PET (Positron emission tomography scan)
• Inyigisho zo gusinzira
• Gupfuka umugongo (gutobora lumbar)
• Imirasire ya X

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi?

Uburyo bwo kuvura ubwonko buratandukanye nk'uko indwara n'ibimenyetso bitera bigenda. Buhera kuri antibiyotike ku ndwara zandurira mu mikorobe kugeza kuri radiation na chimiotherapie ku ndwara ya kanseri yo mu bwonko. Ubu buryo bufasha indwara imwe bushobora kongera indi. Kubwibyo, nta buryo bumwe bwo kuvura ibibazo by'ubwonko. Muganga wawe niwe uzaguhitiramo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Ni gute nakomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza mu bwonko bwanjye? (Iki ni ikintu ngomba kwibuka!)

Hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo ubwonko bwawe bukomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza. Tekereza ibi nk' "ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo":

• Kurya indyo yuzuye: Vitamine zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane ibura rya vitamine B12, zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwonko bwawe, ni ukuvuga ubwonko, bigatera ibibazo bikomeye. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kurya ibiryo bifite intungamubiri.
• Gira imyitozo ngororamubiri kandi ukomeze kugira ibiro byiza: Ibibazo bijyanye n'imiyoboro y'amaraso n'umutima nabyo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwonko bwawe. Urugero rwiza rw'ibi ni stroke. Indwara zo gucika intege akenshi ziterwa n'ibibazo by'umutima. Ushobora kugabanya ibi byago ukomeje gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri no gukomeza kugira ibiro byiza.
• Ntukirengagize indwara zandura: Vura kandi ukize indwara zandura, cyane cyane izo mu maso no mu matwi, vuba. Izi ndwara nizikwirakwira mu bwonko, zishobora guteza akaga ndetse zikanashyira ubuzima mu kaga.
• Fata imiti wanditswe nawe uko wanditswe: Hari imiti ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku bwonko bwawe iyo uyifashe nabi. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gufata imiti yawe uko wanditswe na muganga wawe. Niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso bishya bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n'ubwonko bwawe, jya kwa muganga ako kanya.
• Ambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda iyo bibaye ngombwa: Kubabara mu mutwe bishobora kwangiza ubwonko cyane. Kubabara mu bwonko cyangwa gukomereka mu bwonko (TBI) bishobora kubaho. Kwambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda, cyane cyane ingofero, mu gihe ukora cyangwa ukina bishobora gufasha ubwonko bwawe kwirinda ibikomere nk'ibi.
• Irinde kunywa itabi, kunywa inzoga nyinshi no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge burundu:Kunywa itabi no kunywa ibikomoka ku itabi byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'imitsi. Kunywa inzoga nyinshi ni uburozi ku bwonko bwawe. Bikongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara zo mu bwonko, ibibazo byo kwibuka, guhinda umushyitsi, n'ibibazo byo kuringaniza imikorere y'umubiri. Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge nabyo bishobora kwangiza ubwonko bwawe, bikongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara zo mu bwonko no gucika intege.

Ibuka: Ubwonko bwawe ni bwo mutungo w'agaciro kanini mu mubiri wawe. Ni inshingano zawe kuburinda.

Rero, urabona ko ubwonko ari urugingo rutangaje cyane kandi rugoye kudufasha mu byo dukora byose bya buri munsi. Nubwo abahanga mu bya siyansi bavumbuye byinshi kuri rwo, haracyari byinshi byo kuvumbura. Ariko inkuru nziza ni uko hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'ubuvuzi, aya mayobera agenda ahishurwa buhoro buhoro. Ibi bivuze ko ubu bumenyi bufasha abaganga gusuzuma no kuvura indwara zawe, ndetse no gukumira ibibazo bizaza.

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