Reka twige ku buryo butangaje bukora mu mubiri wacu tutabizi: Ubushobozi bwo Gutuma Imitsi Ikora!

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo uhumeka, umutima wawe utera, n'uburyo usya ibiryo urya byose bibaho mu buryo bwikora, utabanje kubitekerezaho? Ntabwo ari ibintu bitangaje? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku buryo bw'ingenzi cyane bukora imirimo myinshi y'ingenzi mu mibiri yacu, tutanabizi. Ubwo ni uburyo bwo mu bwonko bwigenga, cyangwa mu Cyongereza, "Sisitemu y'imitsi y'ubwonko yigenga".

Iyi sisitemu y'imitsi yo mu bwonko yitwa Autonomic ni iki?

Mu magambo make, sisitemu y'imitsi yigenga ni igice cy'imitsi yacu yose. Ni nk'urusobe ruto ariko rufite akamaro cyane mu muyoboro munini wa mudasobwa uri mu mubiri wacu. Inshingano yarwo nyamukuru ni ukugenzura imikorere y'umubiri idakorwa ku bushake ari ingenzi kugira ngo tubeho, ariko ntituyigenzure tubigambiriye. Iyi sisitemu ikora haba iyo usinziriye ndetse n'iyo uri maso. Ntabwo ugomba no kubitekerezaho, ubwonko bwawe ni bwo bubyitaho byose.

Ibi biri he mu mitsi yacu?

Uzi ko sisitemu yacu yose y'imitsi igabanyijemo ibice bibiri by'ingenzi.

1. Sisitemu y'imitsi yo hagati : Aha niho ubwonko bwacu n'umugongo biherereye. Ese biratangaje? Ndetse na retina n'imitsi y'amaso yacu bifatwa nk'ibice by'ubwonko mu buryo bw'imiterere.

2. Uturemangingo tw'imitsi yo mu mpande : Ibi birimo ibindi bice byose by'utwo dutsi two mu mpande uretse ubwonko n'umugongo.

Ubu iyi sisitemu y'imitsi yo mu mpande igabanyijemo ibice bibiri:

• Sisitemu y'imitsi yo mu bwonko : Iki ni igice cy'imitsi igenzura imitsi dugenzura twitonze (nk'uko tugenda amaboko yacu) n'amakuru tubona mu byumviro byacu (kumva, guhumurirwa, uburyohe, gukoraho ). Kureba si igice cy'iyi sisitemu, kuko ibice by'ijisho bishinzwe kureba biri mu bwonko.
• Ubushobozi bw'imitsi bwigenga : Uyu ni we muyobozi wacu. Uyu ni urusobe rw'imitsi ihuza ubwonko bwacu n'ingingo nyinshi z'imbere mu mubiri wacu.

Ni iki kibera kuri sisitemu y'imitsi y'ubwonko yigenga?

Iyi mikorere y'ubwonko yigenga igabanyijemo ibice bitatu by'ingenzi, buri kimwe muri byo gikora imirimo yacyo ukwacyo.

Sisitemu y'imitsi irangwa n'impuhwe – uburyo bwo “kurwana cyangwa guhunga”

Ubu buryo ni bwo bubaho mu gihe cy’impanuka, mu gihe cy’imihangayiko, cyangwa mu mpanuka.Imibiri yacu iritegura. Tekereza urimo kugenda mu muhanda maze imbwa ikagutera. Umutima wawe utera cyane, umubiri wawe utangira kubira ibyuya, amaso yawe araguka, umubiri wawe ukitegura kwiruka cyangwa kurwana, si byo se? Icyo gihe ni bwo sisitemu y'imitsi itera imbere. Ni cyo twita igisubizo cyo "kurwana cyangwa guhunga".

Sisitemu y'imitsi itera parasympathetic – uburyo bwo “kuruhuka no gusya”

Ibi ni ibinyuranye cyane n'ibyo sisitemu y'imitsi ikora. Ni byo bituza imibiri yacu, bikayiruhura, kandi bigafasha mu igogora . Iyo wariye neza kandi wicaye ku ntebe mu cyumba cyo kubamo, wumva umeze neza ... ni bwo iyi sisitemu iba ikora.

Udukoko tw'imitsi yo mu nda - Inzobere mu by'igogora

Iyi ni umwihariko. Iyi sisitemu ahanini igenzura imikorere y'igogora ryacu . Hari abahanga mu bya siyansi bavuga ko igoye nk'uko sisitemu yihariye ibikora.

Ni gute sisitemu y'imitsi yigenga ifasha izindi ngingo?

Nk’uko inzu ikenera insinga z’amashanyarazi kugira ngo icane amatara kandi itume ibindi bikoresho bikora, ubwonko bwacu nabwo bukeneye urusobe rw’imitsi yitwa sisitemu y’imitsi yigenga. Iyi mitsi itanga ubwonko uburyo bukenewe bwo kugenzura ingingo nyinshi z’ingenzi z’umubiri wacu.

Reka turebe icyo iyi sisitemu igenzura mu mubiri wacu:

• Amaso : Nubwo adafite aho ahuriye n'amaso yawe, agenzura ingano y'imboni yawe (igenzura ingano y'urumuri rwinjira mu jisho) n'imitsi ireba ijisho.
• Amarira, amatembabuzi n'imitsi y'amacandwe : Ubu buryo bugenzura amarira ava mu maso, amatembabuzi ava mu mazuru, n'amatembabuzi ava mu kanwa.
• Uruhu : Rugenzura ikorwa ry'ibyuya, ndetse n'imitsi ituma umubiri uhagarara (ni cyo "umusatsi ukura").
• Umutima n'imiyoboro y'amaraso : Bigenzura umuvuduko w'umutima, uburyo utera cyane, n'ubugari bw'imitsi y'amaraso . Ibi bigenzura umuvuduko w'umutima n'umuvuduko w'amaraso .
• Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri : Ubudahangarwa bw'imitsi yawe bushobora gutuma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bukora neza. Ibi bishobora kubaho mu gihe cy'ibintu nk'indwara zandura, indwara ziterwa na asima , ndetse n'uburwayi bw'ubwivumbure.
• Ibihaha: Ibi bigenzura ubugari bw'inzira z'ubuhumekero bwawe n'urusobe rw'inzira zijyana umwuka mu bihaha byawe.
• Urura ruto n'urura runini : Bicunga inzira yose yo gusya kuva mu rura ruto kugeza mu rura runini. Binatuma imitsi yo mu rura ikomeza gufunga kugeza igihe ugomba kwiyuhagira.
• Umwijima na Pancreas : Ibi bigenzura irekurwa ry'imisemburo nka "Insulin" iva muri pancreas, ihindura ingufu zibitswe mu mwijima muri "Glucose" uturemangingo twacu dushobora gukoresha.
• Sisitemu y'inkari : Igenzura imitsi yo mu ruhago rwawe. Iyi sisitemu niyo ituma uruhago rwawe rukomeza gufunga kugeza igihe ukeneye koga.
• Uruhu rw'imyororokere : Ubu buryo ni ingenzi cyane ku mikorere y'imibonano mpuzabitsina nko gushyukwa kw'igitsina (guhagarara kw'igitsina, gusohora amazi asize amavuta mu gihe cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina) no kubasha kugera ku ndunduro.

Reka twige andi makuru ashimishije kuri iyi mikorere y'ubwonko ikora ku giti cyayo.

• Kuringaniza hagati y’imikorere y’umubiri ishingiye ku mpungenge n’iy’umubiri ushingiye ku mpungenge : Tekereza nk'umunzani. Mu gihe impungenge yihutisha imikorere y’umubiri, parasympathetic irayidindiza cyangwa ikayigabanya. Uku kuringaniza ni ingenzi ku mibereho myiza no kubaho kwacu .
• Uburyo butandukanye bwo gutumanaho : Utunyangingo tw’imitsi yacu dukoresha imiti (yitwa "neurotransmitters") ikorwa n’utunyangingo dutandukanye mu mubiri wacu no mu bwonko kugira ngo itange ubutumwa. Ikoresha kandi ingufu z’amashanyarazi muri "neurons". Ihinduranya ubu buryo bwo gutumanaho bw’amashanyarazi n’ubw’imiti uko bikenewe.
• Uburyo urusobe rw'imitsi yo mu nda ruteye : Ni urusobe runini ku buryo abahanga bamwe barufata nk'igice cyihariye cy'imitsi yose aho kuba igice cy'imitsi ikora ubwayo. Ibi biterwa nuko urusobe rw'imitsi rugizwe n'imitsi myinshi (uturemangingo twihariye tugize ubwonko, uruti rw'umugongo n'imitsi) nk'uko urutirigongo rwacu rumeze.

Iyi sisitemu iherereye he?

Sisitemu y'imitsi yigenga ni urusobe rw'imitsi inyura mu mutwe no ku mubiri wacu. Imwe muri iyi mitsi iva mu bwonko. Indi iva mu ruti rw'umugongo, itwara ibimenyetso biva mu bwonko bijya muri iyo mitsi.

Imitsi yo mu mutwe

Hari ubwoko 12 bw'imitsi yo mu mutwe, cyangwa "Imitsi yo mu mutwe". Iyi mitsi itandukanyijwe kandi ikanitwa amazina n'imibare y'Abaroma. Imitsi yo mu mutwe yacu isanzwe iboneka muri 4 muri iyi mitsi 12 yo mu mutwe. Iyi ni imitsi ya gatatu, iya karindwi, iya cyenda, n'iya cumi. Iyi mitsi igenzura kwaguka kw'ijisho, ireba ijisho, amarira, amacandwe y'izuru, amacandwe, n'imikorere y'ingingo zo mu gituza no mu nda.

Imitsi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo

Nanone, sisitemu y'imitsi ikoresha igice kinini cy'imitsi 31 y'umugongo. Ibi birimo imitsi yo mu gituza no mu mugongo wo hejuru (mu gituza), mu mugongo wo hasi (mu gituza), no mu igufwa ry'umurizo (mu sacrum).

Ni binyuze muri izi miyoboro y'imitsi y'uruti rw'umugongo aho sisitemu y'imitsi yigenga igenzura izi ngingo:

• Umutima
• Ibihaha
• Umwijima
• Pancreas
• Umugongo
• Igifu
• Amara mato n'amanini
• Impyiko
• Impumuro y'uruhago
• Imyanya ndangagitsina

Ahantu ho kugenzura: Hypothalamus

Igice cy'ubwonko bwacu kigenzura imikorere y'umubiri ni hypothalamus. Nubwo atari igice cy'imitsi ubwayo, ni igice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'imikorere yayo.

Ibi bikozwe n'iki?

Sisitemu y'imitsi yigenga igizwe n'uturemangingo tumwe n'utwo turemangingo tw'imitsi. Ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo ni:

Uturemangingo - intumwa

Utu tunyangingo ni two twohereza kandi tukakira ibimenyetso. Tugize ubwonko bwacu, uruti rw'umugongo, n'imitsi. Nanone duhinduranya ibimenyetso bya shimi n'amashanyarazi.

Ibice by'imitsi y'ubwonko:

• Umubiri w'ingirabuzimafatizo : Iki ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cy'ingirabuzimafatizo.
• Axon : Iki ni igice kirekire, gisa n'ukuboko kwa axon. Ku mpera ya axon hari inyongera nyinshi zisa n'intoki. Aha niho ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi cya neuron gihindurwamo ikimenyetso cya shimi. Izi nyongera, cyangwa synapses, zihuza n'izindi ngirabuzimafatizo z'imitsi zegereye.
• Dendrites : Izi ni imiterere mito, ifite amashami ku mubiri w'uturemangingo (izina rikomoka ku ijambo ry'ikilatini risobanura "nk'igiti"). Izi dendrites zakira ibimenyetso bya shimi bivuye kuri synapses z'izindi neuron.
• Myeline : Iyi ni urwego rworoshye rw'ibinure. Myeline ni igikingira gikikije axons z'imitsi myinshi y'ubwonko.

Uturemangingo tw’umuyoboro umwe dushobora kwihuza n’izindi nyunganiramirire ibihumbi. Uturemangingo tumwe na tumwe dushobora kuba ture cyangwa tugufi, bitewe n’aho turi mu mubiri n’akazi dukora.

Uturemangingo twa Glial - abafasha imikorere y'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko

Uturemangingo tw’imyakura (twavugaga “gli-al”) dukora imirimo myinshi itandukanye. Dufasha uturemangingo gukura no gutera imbere tukiri bato, kandi tunagenzura uko uturemangingo tw’imyakura dukora mu buzima bwacu bwose. Turinda uturemangingo tw’imyakura kwandura, tugenzura uburyo imikorere y’uturemangingo tw’imyakura, kandi tugahindura imiyoboro y’imyakura. Hari uturemangingo tw’imyakura twikubye inshuro icumi ugereranije n’uturemangingo tw’imyakura.

Nuclei na Ganglia – amatsinda y'uturemangingo

• Nuclei : Izi ni amatsinda y'uturemangingo tw'imitsi dukora mu buryo bumwe cyangwa dufite aho duhurira.
• Ganglia: (Ibi byitwa “gang-lee-ya”, kimwe ni “gang-lee-on”) Aya ni amatsinda y’uturemangingo tw’imitsi duhujwe. Si uturemangingo twose tuyirimo dufite imikorere imwe cyangwa isano imwe, ariko tuba mu gace kamwe cyangwa duhujwe n’uburyo bumwe. Urugero, cochlear na vestibular ganglia bifitanye isano n’uburyo bwacu bwo kumva no kuringaniza.

Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kwibasira sisitemu y'imitsi y'ubwonko yigenga?

Hari ibintu byinshi n'impamvu nyinshi zangiza cyangwa zigatera indwara z'imitsi ikora ku buryo bw'umubiri (ibi byitwa "Autonomic Neuropathy"). Ingero zimwe na zimwe zikunze kugaragara ni izi:

• Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 : Diyabete idacunzwe ishobora kwangiza uturemangingo tw’imitsi twigenga uko igihe kigenda gihita. Urugero, hypotension ya orthostatic ibaho iyo umuvuduko w’amaraso ugabanutse iyo uhagaze. Indwara ya diyabete, ari yo kwangirika kw’imitsi iterwa na diyabete, ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’umubiri yongera umuvuduko w’amaraso iyo uhagaze.
• Amyloidosis : Muri iki kibazo, uduce twa poroteyine twibasiwe neza twirundanya mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri, bigatera kwangirika kw'imitsi igihe kirekire.
• Indwara zo kwirwanaho mu mubiri no kubyimba : Urugero rwiza rw'ibi ni indwara ya Guillain-Barré.
• Indwara zo mu muryango n'iz'uturemangingo : Izi ni indwara cyangwa indwara zibaho mu gihe cyo kuvuka. Indwara zo mu muryango zikomoka ku babyeyi. Indwara ya Hirschsprung ni urugero rw'ibi.
• Kwandura : Kwangirika kw'imitsi bishobora guterwa na virusi nka VIH, indwara ya Lyme, cyangwa indwara ya Chagas, iterwa no kurumwa n'udukoko. Ishobora kandi guterwa n'izindi ndwara nka botulisme cyangwa tetanus.
• Kugwa kw'imitsi myinshi : Iyi ndwara ikomeye isa n'indwara ya Parkinson. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, yangiza imitsi ikora ku mubiri.
• Uburozi n'ibintu bihumanya : Uburozi bukabije nka mercure na lisade bushobora kwangiza uturemangingo tw'imitsi twigenga. Ibinyabutabire byinshi byo mu nganda nabyo bishobora kwangiza ubwoko bw'ubwo bwoko. Inzoga zishobora kandi kugira ingaruka mbi ku turemangingo tw'imitsi twigenga.
• Ihungabana : Impanuka zishobora kwangiza imitsi. Ibi bishobora kumara igihe kirekire cyangwa burundu. Ibikomere ku ruti rw'umugongo, cyane cyane ibyo mu ruti rw'umugongo rwo hasi, bishobora kwangiza cyangwa guca imiyoboro igana ku ruti rw'umugongo.
• Ibibyimba : Ibibyimba bya kanseri n'ibitari impanuka bishobora guhungabanya uturemangingo tw'imitsi twigenga.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bisanzwe by'iyi ndwara?

Ibimenyetso by'indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri biterwa n'aho ubwandu buherereye. Mu ndwara nka diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, kwangirika gushobora kubaho mu bice byinshi by'umubiri. Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara iyo ubwirinzi bw'umubiri bwangiritse birimo:

• Ibibazo by'umutima (harimo no kutagira umutima uhagaze).
• Kuzungera cyangwa guta ubwenge iyo uhagaze.
• Kugorwa no kumira (Dysphagia).
• Ibibazo byo mu gifu (harimo no gucika intege mu nda).
• Kwihagarika impatwe.
• Kugorwa no gusohora inkari cyangwa umwanda (kubura uburyo bwo kugenzura uruhago cyangwa amara – `Kudafata indorerwamo`).
• Ubusambanyi.
• Kubira ibyuya byinshi (Hyperhidrosis) cyangwa kubura ibyuya (Anhidrosis).
• Kugorwa no kwihanganira ubushyuhe.

Ni ibihe bipimo biboneka kugira ngo harebwe ubuzima bwa sisitemu y'imitsi y'ubwonko yigenga?

Hari ibizamini byinshi bishobora gufasha gusuzuma ibibazo by’imitsi ikora ku buryo bworoshye. Bimwe muri byo birimo:

• Ibipimo by'amaraso : Ibi bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo bitandukanye, kuva ku bibazo by'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kugeza ku burozi n'uburozi (cyane cyane ibyuma nka mercure na lisansi).
• Electrocardiogram (EKG)
• Electroencephalogram (EEG) .
• Electromyogram (ikizamini cyo kuyobora imitsi) .
• Gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo .
• Ishusho ya Magnetic Resonance (MRI) .

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi?

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri bushobora kuba bwihariye cyane, bitewe n’indwara. Uburyo bumwe bwo kuvura bukemura indwara ubwayo cyangwa impamvu nyamukuru. Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura buvura ibimenyetso gusa, cyane cyane iyo nta muti cyangwa uburyo buhoraho bwo kuvura iyi ndwara. Ibi bivuze ko nta buryo bumwe bwo kuvura izi ndwara. Imiti ishobora gufasha indwara zimwe na zimwe, ariko si zose.

Ni gute wakwirinda ibibazo by’imikorere y’imitsi yo mu bwonko?

Kwirinda kwangirika kw'imitsi yo mu bwonko ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda indwara ziyitera. Ingamba nziza zo kwirinda ushobora gufata ni izi zikurikira:

• Kurya indyo yuzuye . Kubura vitamine, cyane cyane kubura vitamine B12, bishobora kwangiza uturemangingo tw'imitsi.
• Irinde gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge n'inzoga nabi . Gukoresha imiti ikoreshwa na muganga cyangwa imiti ikoreshwa mu kwidagadura, ndetse n'inzoga, bishobora kwangiza uturemangingo tw'imitsi dukoresha mu mubiri.
• Komeza gukora siporo kandi ugire ibiro byiza . Ibi bishobora gufasha gukumira cyangwa gutinza icyorezo cya Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, gishobora kwangiza imitsi ikora ku mubiri uko igihe kigenda gihita. Bishobora kandi gufasha gukumira imvune zishobora kwangiza ibice by'umugongo bigira ingaruka ku mitsi ikora ku mubiri.
• Ambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda igihe bibaye ngombwa.Impanuka ni impamvu ikomeye itera kwangirika kw'imitsi. Gukoresha ibikoresho by'umutekano mu kazi no mu mikino bishobora kugufasha kwirinda impanuka nk'izi, cyangwa nibura kugabanya uburemere bw'impanuka.
• Gucunga indwara zidakira nkuko byasabwe . Niba ufite indwara idakira ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mitsi yawe y’umubiri – cyane cyane diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 – ugomba gufata ingamba zo gucunga indwara yawe. Ibi bishobora kugufasha kugabanya ingaruka z’iyo ndwara cyangwa bigatinza igihe bifata kugira ngo irusheho kuba mbi. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya uburyo bwo gucunga iyo ndwara yawe.

Icy'ingenzi : Sisitemu y'imitsi yigenga ni ingenzi cyane mu mibereho yawe. Akenshi, ntugomba no kubitekerezaho, ahubwo bikora akazi kayo gusa. Kwita ku mubiri wawe, cyane cyane sisitemu y'imitsi yawe, ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda indwara zangiza sisitemu y'imitsi yigenga. Hanyuma ushobora kwibanda ku bintu biri mu buzima bwawe wifuza kwibandaho.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi tugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Mu magambo make rero, sisitemu yacu y’imitsi ikora ku buryo bwikora ni sisitemu itangaje kandi igenzura umubiri wacu. Nubwo tutabizi, yita ku bintu byinshi by’ingenzi mu ibanga, kuva ku guhumeka kwacu kugeza ku gutera k’umutima kugeza ku igogora ryacu.

Kubungabunga iyi gahunda ni ingenzi ku buzima bwacu muri rusange. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gukurikiza imibereho myiza, gukurikiza inama z'abaganga zikwiye, no kwita ku mibiri yacu . Kuko igihe cyose uyu mukozi utagira icyo akora akora neza, dufite umudendezo wo gutekereza ku bindi bintu mu buzima bwacu.