Uyu muganga w’imirasire ni nde? Reka tubimenye neza!

Birashoboka ko wakorewe X-ray, CT scan, cyangwa MRI scan. Cyangwa muganga wawe ashobora kuba yaragusabye kuyikora. None se, uzi umuntu ureba izi scan akakubwira neza ibirimo kuba mu mubiri wawe? Uwo ni umuganga w’imirasire tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi.

Uyu witwa radiologist ni nde?

Mu magambo make, inzobere mu by’imirasire ni umuganga w’inzobere. Akazi ke ka mbere ni ugukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gufata amashusho , ibyo twita imashini zipima, kugira ngo asuzume imbere mu mibiri yacu, amenye indwara n’ibikomere, ndetse rimwe na rimwe anafashe mu kuvura. Tekereza nawe, imbere mu mibiri yacu ntabwo hagaragara inyuma, bityo aba baganga bareba imbere mu mubiri bakoresheje ibikoresho byihariye bakamenya niba hari ikibazo kirimo.

Ni ibihe bikoresho byo gufotora bakoresha?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho bakoresha. Ushobora kuba warumvise aya mazina. Reka turebe ayo ari yo:

• Gupima CT (CT scan) ( computed tomography - CT) : Hari abantu babyita "CAT scan". Ibi bishobora gufata amashusho arambuye y'imbere mu mubiri. Bishobora kureba ibice by'umubiri ku rundi ruhande, nko gukata umugati.
• Fluoroscopy : Ibi ni nk'ishusho ya X-ray igenda. Igufasha kubona uko ingingo z'umubiri zikora mu buryo bwihuse , nk'uko bigaragara kuri videwo. Urugero, ikoreshwa mu kureba uko amazi agenda iyo uyanyoye.
• Gushushanya mu buryo bwa Fusion : Ibi bikubiyemo guhuza amashusho yo mu bwoko bubiri butandukanye bwa scan, nko gupima ``(PET)`` na ``(CT)``` scan, kugira ngo haboneke amakuru arambuye kandi asobanutse neza. Ikintu kitagaragara muri scan imwe gishobora kugaragara muri scan yindi, kandi iyo byombi bihujwe, haboneka ishusho yuzuye.
• MRI Scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI) na Magnetic Resonance Angiography - MRA : MRI ishobora gutanga amashusho asobanutse neza kandi arambuye. MRI ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane mu kureba ingingo zoroshye nk'ubwonko, uruti rw'umugongo, ingingo n'imitsi. Ntikoresha imirasire, ahubwo ikoresha imbaraga za rukuruzi. MRA ni ubwoko bwihariye bwa MRI bureba imitsi y'amaraso.
• Gupima kanseri y'ibere : Ushobora kuba warumvise ibi, ikizamini cyihariye cya "X-ray" gikoreshwa mu gusuzuma kanseri y'ibere hakiri kare. Iki ni ikizamini cy'ingenzi cyane ku bagore.
• Ishusho y'imiti ya kirimbuzi: Ibi bikubiyemo guha umubiri urugero ruto cyane rw'ibintu bitera imirasire ('radioactive tracer') (byaba bikoreshejwe mu kanwa cyangwa mu guterwa inshinge), no kureba uko bigenda mu mubiri ukoresheje kamera yihariye ('gamma camera'). Ibi bishobora gutanga igitekerezo cyiza cy'uko ingingo zikora n'uko zakora neza. Urugero, harimo gupima tiroyide no gupima amagufwa.
• Gupima PET ( Positron Emission Tomography - PET) : Ubu ni ubwoko bwihariye bwo gusuzuma bushyirwa mu cyiciro cya ``Nuclear Medicine Imaging''. Bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kureba niba uturemangingo twa kanseri turimo, niba twarakwirakwiriye, n'uko twitwara mu kuvurwa. Bushobora kandi kureba imikorere y'uturemangingo mu mubiri.
• Ultrasound : Ibi bikoresha amajwi menshi cyane kugira ngo bikore amashusho y'imbere mu mubiri. Ibi kandi ntibikoresha imirasire. Akenshi bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma umwana mu gihe atwite no kureba ingingo zo mu nda (nk'umwijima, impyiko, n'umwobo).
• Imirasire ya X : Iki ni cyo kizamini twese tuzi, kandi akenshi ni cyo cya mbere gikorwa. Gikoreshwa mu gushakisha ibintu nk'ibyavunitse, no gufata imirasire ya X mu gituza kugira ngo harebwe indwara nk'umusonga mu bihaha.

Ni ibihe bice by'ingenzi bya radiology?

Hari ibice bitatu by'ingenzi bya radiology . Ni ukuvuga ibice bitatu by'ingenzi abahanga mu by'imirasire bihariye.

1. Isuzuma ry'imirasire mu gihe cy'indwara

2. Indwara y'amaradiyo ikoreshwa mu gupima

3. Ubumenyi bw'imirasire ya kanseri

Hari izindi ngingo zihariye muri buri gice. Reka noneho tuvuge kuri izi ngingo eshatu z'ingenzi mu buryo burambuye .

1. Indwara yo gusuzuma indwara ya radiyo ni iki?

Uyu ni wo murima twumvise kenshi, kandi ni wo tumenyereye cyane. Abahanga mu by'imitsi basuzuma indwara bareba ibizamini twavuze mbere, ni ukuvuga kubisesengura (kubisobanura) , bakareba uko imiterere n'ingingo ziri mu mubiri bimeze. Bahereye kuri aya mashusho, bashobora:

• Suzuma indwara. Urugero, niba ufite inkorora hanyuma ugafatwa X-ray, ushobora kureba niba ufite umusonga. Cyangwa, niba ufite umutwe, ushobora gupimwa na MRI kugira ngo urebe niba ufite ikintu kimeze nk'ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko.
• Niba uri kuvurwa indwara runaka, kurikirana uko ubuvuzi bwawe bugenda.Tekereza ukoze isuzuma rya CT scan ku muntu uri kuvurwa kanseri ukareba niba ikibyimba cyaragabanutse, cyarakuze, cyangwa cyagumye uko cyahoze.
• Gusuzuma indwara zitandukanye. Ibi bivuze gusuzuma niba hari indwara mbere yuko ibimenyetso bigaragara. Urugero, gupima kanseri y'ibere hakiri kare, gupima kanseri y'amara, cyangwa gupima indwara z'umutima.

2. Interventional Radiology ni iki?

Uru ni urwego rutandukanye kandi rushimishije cyane. Abahanga mu by'imitsi bakoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gufata amashusho nka CT scans, ultrasound, na MRI kugira ngo bakore ubuvuzi butari ubwo kubaga. Muri make, bareba izi scans hanyuma bashyiramo ibikoresho bito nka catheters (imiyoboro mito) n'insinga mu mubiri kugira ngo bakore ubuvuzi. Ibi ntibisaba gukata cyane, ahubwo bisaba gukata gato . Ibi bituma igihe cyo gukira kiba gito kandi ibibazo bikaba bike.

Tekereza gato, kimwe no gukoresha GPS kugira ngo ubone inzira, aba baganga bakoresha amashusho yo gupima kugira ngo bagere ahantu heza mu mubiri kandi bakuvure.

Zimwe mu ndwara zivurwa n'ubu buryo ni izi:

• Kanseri cyangwa ibibyimba. Bimwe mu bibyimba bivurwa no guterwa imiti mu buryo butaziguye (`chemoembolization`), cyangwa no kuziba imitsi y'amaraso ibikora (`embolization`) kugira ngo isenye ikibyimba, cyangwa hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe (`ablation`).
• Kuziba kw'imitsi cyangwa imitsi. Urugero, iyo umutsi w'amaraso uri ku kaguru uzibye, ushobora gufungurwa hakoreshejwe ibara ry'umuhondo (angioplasty) cyangwa stent (umuyoboro muto w'amaraso) ishobora gushyirwamo kugira ngo amaraso agaruke.
• Ibibyimba byo mu mura. Ibi bishobora kandi kuvurwa na "embolization".
• Kubabara umugongo. Ku bubabare bumwe na bumwe bw'umugongo, ibintu nk'inshinge za steroide bishobora gutangwa ahantu hakwiye hashingiwe ku isuzuma.
• Hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe by’umwijima n’impyiko. Urugero, ubu buryo bukoreshwa mu gukora biopsy (agace k’urugingo karafatwa kugira ngo gasuzumwe) cyangwa gushyira imiyoboro mu miyoboro y’inkari yazibye cyangwa mu nzira z’inkari.

3. Ubumenyi bw'indwara ya radiation Oncology ni iki?

Tuvuga ko bumwe mu buryo bwo gufata amashusho bukoresha imirasire. Ariko, iyo ikoreshejwe mu gusuzuma indwara, iyo mirasire ntishobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara. Ariko, hari abahanga bitwa Radiation Oncologists bakora ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire.Ikoreshwa mu kuvura kanseri n'izindi ndwara zitari kanseri (zitari mbi).

Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire ni uburyo bwo kuvura kanseri bukoresha ingufu nyinshi, nka X-ray cyangwa ubundi bwoko bw'imirasire, kugira ngo bwice uturemangingo twa kanseri cyangwa butubuze gukura no kwigabanyamo ibice. Bukora mu kwangiza ADN y'uturemangingo twa kanseri.

Aba baganga b’indwara zo mu bwoko bwa kanseri ziterwa n’imirasire ni bo bagena kandi bakagena ingano nziza y’imirasire kuri buri bwoko bwa kanseri, uburyo bwo kongera ingaruka ku turemangingo twa kanseri mu gihe bagabanya kwangirika kw’uturemangingo tuzima. Bazi kandi uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura kanseri yawe, imiterere yayo, n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Ese ni abaganga b'inzobere mu by'imirasire?

Yego rwose! Abaganga b'imirasire ni abaganga. Abaganga b'imirasire bose bafite uruhushya barangije amashuri y'ubuganga kandi bafite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu buvuzi, yaba Doctor of Medicine (MD) cyangwa Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) . Kubwibyo, bafite ubumenyi bwimbitse mu buvuzi ku mubiri n'indwara.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'umuhanga mu by'imirasire n'umuhanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga mu by'imirasire?

Aha ni ahantu abantu benshi bahurira mu rujijo. Ariko aba bombi ni abantu babiri batandukanye, kandi inshingano zabo ziratandukanye.

• Umuganga w’inzobere mu by’imirasire ni umuganga watojwe gusoma no gusobanura , ni ukuvuga gusesengura amashusho yasuzumwe no gutanga isuzuma .
• Umuhanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga rya Radiologic , rimwe na rimwe witwa Radiographer , ni inzobere mu by'ubuvuzi ukora scan.

Mu magambo make, iyo ugiye gufata X-ray, umuganga w’imirasire ni we ugushyira mu mwanya wawe neza, agacana imashini, agafata X-ray. Agufasha kumva umerewe neza, kandi akagenzura ko amashusho ari meza cyane. Ariko, ntabwo areba amashusho ngo akubwire ikibazo cyawe. Ntabwo ari akazi ke.

Umuganga w’indwara z’imirasire areba ishusho, akamenya niba ufite ikibazo cy’uburwayi bitewe n’ibirimo, maze akandika raporo kuri cyo. Ese urumva itandukaniro riri hagati yabyo? Byombi ni ingenzi, ariko akazi kabyo karatandukanye.

None se koko umuganga w’imirasire akora iki?

Hari imirimo myinshi y'ingenzi umuganga w'imirasire agomba gukora. Iyi ni inshingano zigoye cyane.

• Gusuzuma amateka y'ubuzima bwawe kugira ngo urebe niba ikizamini cyo gufata amashusho cyagutera ingaruka mbi. Urugero, niba ufite ubwivumbure ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose.Niba ari uko bimeze, ubwoko bw'irangi ritandukanye rikoreshwa muri bimwe mu bipimo bishobora kutagukwiriye.
• Gusobanura ibyavuye mu isuzuma ry’ibishushanyo mbonera by’abaganga nibyo bisaba ubuhanga bwabo.
• Kugereranya ibyavuye muri ibyo bizamini byo gufata amashusho n'ibindi bizamini n'ibizamini wakoze.
• Kuganira n'umuganga wawe woherejwe kugira ngo bigufashe guhitamo ikizamini cyo gupima gikubereye, no kugufasha gufata ibyemezo ku bijyanye n'ubuvuzi bwawe bw'ejo hazaza hashingiwe ku bisubizo by'ibizamini.
• Kwandika raporo zirimo ibisubizo n'ibizamini by'indwara. Iyi raporo ni yo woherereza muganga wawe.
• Iyo bibaye ngombwa, nsaba ko habaho ibizamini cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura by'inyongera.
• Kuvura indwara hakoreshejwe imirasire (ibi bikorwa muri `(Radiation Oncology)`) cyangwa gukora ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mashusho (ibi bikorwa muri `(Interventional Radiology)`).
• Gutegeka abakozi ba radiyo gukora ibizamini byo gufata amashusho cyangwa gukora ibizamini bimwe na bimwe ubwabo (cyane cyane mu bice nka radiyo yo hagati).

Ese ugomba kujya mu ishuri ry’ubuganga kugira ngo ube umuganga w’imirasire?

Yego rwose. Nkuko nabivuze mbere, buri muganga w’indwara zo mu bwoko bwa radiyo wemewe yagiye mu ishuri ry’ubuganga kandi akarirangiza. Iyo ni impamyabushobozi y’ibanze.

Ni gute umuntu aba umuganga w’indwara z’imirasire?

Kuba umuganga w’imirasire si urugendo rworoshye. Bisaba ubwitange bwinshi, igihe, n’uburezi. Reba izi ntambwe:

1. Ubwa mbere, ugomba kurangiza amasomo y’inyongera y’ubuvuzi n’impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza muri kaminuza cyangwa kaminuza.

2. Hanyuma ugomba kubona impamyabumenyi y'ubuganga mu ishuri ryemewe ry'ubuganga (imyaka 4-5).

3. Ugomba gutsinda ikizamini cy’uruhushya rwo kwivuza (urugero, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikizamini cy’uruhushya rwo kwivuza cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika - USMLE).

4. Hanyuma, bagomba kurangiza nibura imyaka ine y’amahugurwa yo mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi bw’imirasire. Muri icyo gihe ni bwo bahabwa amahugurwa ngiro mu bintu bitandukanye bya radiyoloji.

Abahanga benshi mu by’imirasire barangiza undi mwaka cyangwa ibiri w’amahugurwa yihariye (fellowship) , abafasha kubona ubumenyi n’ubuhanga bwimbitse mu ishami ry’ubuvuzi bw’imirasire. Ingero zimwe zirimo:

• Ubumenyi bw'indwara ya kanseri y'imirasire
• Indwara za radiyo mu bana (ni ukuvuga zijyanye n'indwara z'abana)
• Inzobere mu by'amaradiyo
• Gushushanya amabere
• Indwara y'umutima n'imitsi (imitsi y'umutima n'amaraso)
• Ubumenyi bw'imitsi (ubwonko, uruti rw'umugongo, imitsi)
• Ubuvuzi bwa kirimbuzi

Bitwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ube umuganga w’indwara z’imirasire?

Ubusanzwe bifata nibura imyaka 13 kugira ngo umuntu abe umuganga w’imirasire. Ibi birimo:

• Amashuri y’incuke (imyaka 3-4)
• Ishuri ry'Ubuganga (imyaka 4-5)
• Amahugurwa y'imyaka ine yo gutura mu rugo
• Imyitozo yihariye y'umwaka umwe cyangwa ibiri (nubwo ibi atari itegeko, abantu benshi barabikora)

Bityo rero urashobora kubona uburyo uru rugendo rushobora kumara igihe kirekire kandi rwihariye. Niyo mpamvu abaganga b'imirasire bafite ubumenyi bwo kureba scan zawe no kubona amakuru y'ingenzi. Bameze nk'"abashinzwe iperereza" mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi.

Hanyuma, ubutumwa buke bwo kugutwara.

Tekereza ko hari indwara runaka ukeka, cyangwa wagombaga gupimwa nk'ikizamini. Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba n'ubwoba muri icyo gihe. Ariko ibuka ko hari umuntu ufite ubumenyi n'amahugurwa yihariye yo kureba amashusho yawe ya scan no gusoma ibisubizo neza. Uwo ni umuganga w'indwara z'imirasire .

Bazategura raporo irambuye y'ibyavuye mu bipimo byawe hanyuma bayoherereze muganga wawe cyangwa itsinda ry'abaganga. Icyo gihe ni bwo bazahitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, niba ufite ikibazo ku bisubizo by'ibizamini byawe, ntugatinye kubaza muganga wawe. Ufite uburenganzira bwose bwo kumenya ubuzima bwawe. Umuganga w'imirasire ashobora kutakubona imbonankubone, ariko ni umuntu w'ingenzi cyane mu itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi.

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