Ubufasha ku mutima wawe: Indwara y'umutima ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara z'umutima ni iki?

Ese wigeze wumva ijambo "Interventional Cardiology"? Wenda muganga wawe yabivuzeho, cyangwa wenda uri kubishakisha kuko ufite ikibazo cy'umutima. Uko byagenda kose, iki ni ishami ry'ingenzi cyane mu buvuzi. Reka tubiganireho muri make, si byo se?

Indwara y'umutima ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara z'umutima ni iki? Byoroshye cyane!

Mu magambo make, ubuganga bw'umutima bukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara z'umutima ni uburyo bwihariye bukoresha umuyoboro muto cyane , woroshye witwa "catheter" kugira ngo upime kandi uvure indwara z'umutima n'imitsi y'amaraso . Tekereza nk'agakoresho gato dukoresha iyo dushyizemo saline mu kuboko kwacu, ariko iyi "catheter" ni umuyoboro mwiza kurushaho. Iyi ishyirwamo unyuze mu imwe mu mitsi yawe y'amaraso. Kubwibyo, nta mpamvu yo gukata uruhu runini no kubaga. Iyi ni yo nyungu ikomeye y'ubu buryo.

Abaganga bo muri uru rwego (twita abaganga b’indwara z’umutima) bafasha abantu bafite indwara z’imitsi n’umutima. Banavura impinja, abana bato, n’abantu bakuru bafite ibibazo by’umutima, nk’indwara z’umutima cyangwa indwara z’umutima bavukanye, nk’indwara z’umutima zo mu gice cy’imbere cy’umutima.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y’ubuvuzi bw’indwara z’umutima n’ubuvuzi bw’indwara z’umutima?

Nubwo ibi byombi bifitanye isano n'umutima, hari itandukaniro rito.

Umuganga w’indwara z’umutima akora ubuvuzi bwa "Minimally Invasive" (bushobora kwangiza umutima), nk’uko nabivuze mbere, akoresheje "Catheter" (imashini igabanya ubukana bw’umutima), nta gukata cyane, binyuze mu mwobo muto. Ni ukuvuga ko badakora " kubaga umutima ufunguye" , ibyo bikaba bisaba gukata cyane hagati mu gituza (Sternotomy).

Ariko, umuganga w’indwara z’umutima ni umuntu ubaga ingingo zo mu gituza, nk’umutima, ibihaha, n’umuyoboro w’amaraso. Bakora operasiyo y’umutima. Hari igihe bakoresha operasiyo nto nyinshi aho gukoresha operasiyo imwe nini.

Igikuru ni uko, akenshi, aba bahanga bombi bakorana kugira ngo bahitemo uburyo bwo kuvura bukubereye.

Ni iki by’umwihariko umuganga w’indwara z’umutima akora?

Aba baganga ni bo bihariye mu gukoresha iyo "catheter" mu gusuzuma no kuvura indwara z'umutima n'imitsi. Hari uburyo bukoreshwa kugira ngo hamenyekane neza indwara iyo ari yo, mu gihe ubundi bukoreshwa mu kuvura iyo ndwara.

Ni ibihe bipimo umuganga w’indwara z’umutima ategetse?

Muri uru rwego ahaniniIgenzura niba imiyoboro y'amaraso mu mubiri wawe ikora neza. Ishakisha ibibazo bibangamira imiyoboro y'amaraso kandi ikagerageza kubikemura. Urugero, igenzura imiyoboro y'amaraso n'umuvuduko wayo mu miyoboro y'amaraso itanga amaraso mu mutima wawe ("Coronary Arteries") no mu byumba by'umutima.

Bimwe mu bizamini byakozwe kuri ibi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Gupima imitsi y'umutima hakoreshejwe CT scan (CT) y'imitsi y'umutima.
• Echocardiogram (ikizamini cy'ijwi gikorerwa mu mutima).
• MRI y'umutima.
• Imirasire ya X-ray yo mu gituza .

Uburyo bwo kuvura umutima bukoreshwa mu gutera umuti w'umutima ni iki?

Ubu ni uburyo bwo kuvura umutima hakoreshejwe `(Catheter)` gusa, nta gukata uruhu cyangwa kubaga. Urugero, niba gusimbuza umunyururu w'umutima cyangwa gusana umunyururu w'umutima bikorwa hakoreshejwe `(Catheter)`, ni uburyo bwo kuvura umutima bukoreshwa mu buryo bw'ibanze.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara z'umutima bukorwa n'umuganga w'indwara z'umutima?

Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura aba baganga. Ushobora kuba warumvise bumwe muri bwo.

• Gupima umutima hakoreshejwe catheter: Gusuzuma umutima hakoreshejwe catheter.
• Angiogramu (`Angiogramu` - `Iherezo` cyangwa `Ikoronari`): Haterwa amazi yihariye mu miyoboro y'amaraso hanyuma hagafatwa X-ray kugira ngo hamenyekane aho ibiziba biri.
• Angioplasty: Uburyo bwo gufungura umuyoboro w'amaraso wafunzwe binyuze mu kuwushyiramo umwuka ukoresheje agakoresho gato kameze nk'agapira.
• Gukuraho indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko: Gukuraho ibinure (plaque) mu mitsi y'amaraso .
• Igipimo cy'aho amaraso atembera mu gice cy'amaraso (Fractional Flow Reserve): Igipimo cy'uko amaraso atembera bitewe n'uko umuyoboro w'amaraso wafunzwe.
• Ultrasound Intravascular (IVUS): Uburyo bwo gushyiramo agakoresho gato ka ultrasound mu mitsi y'amaraso.
• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Uburyo bukoresha urumuri kugira ngo bubone neza imbere mu miyoboro y'amaraso.
• Gushyiramo Stent: Umuyoboro muto w'amaraso ushyirwa mu mitsi y'amaraso yazibye wafunguwe na angioplasty kugira ngo udakomeza kuziba. Akenshi uba ukozwe mu cyuma.
• Gusimbuza no gusana utwuma tw’umutima: Ibi bishobora no gukorwa hakoreshejwe catheter.
• Gufunga igice cy'ibumoso cy'atrial.
• Gufunga umwobo uri mu rukuta hagati ya atrium (`Atrial Septal Defect Closure`).
• Kugabanya inzoga mu gihe cy'impeshyi.
• Ifungwa rya Patent Foramen Ovale.
• Kugabanya impyiko: Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bugamije kugabanya umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso mu mitsi no mu mpyiko.
• Thrombolysis: Gushonga kw'amaraso.

Ni ubuhe buryo bukunze gukoreshwa n'abaganga b'indwara z'umutima?

Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa n’aba baganga ni ugukora angioplasty no gushyira stent mu mitsi y’umutima. Ibi bisaba gukoresha catheter kugira ngo haboneke aho imitsi y’amaraso iri mu mutima ifunganye. Hanyuma, hakoreshejwe igikoresho gito nk’umupira, iyo mitsi ifunganye (ni ukuvuga plaque ikorwa n’ibice bya cholesterol) ikandagirwa ku rukuta rw’imitsi, bigatuma amaraso atembera neza. Hanyuma, nibiba ngombwa, umuyoboro w’amaraso witwa stent ushyirwa aho kugira ngo wirinde ko inzira yongera gufunga. Ubu ni uburyo bwo kuvura burokora ubuzima bw’umuntu wagize indwara y’umutima.

Ni izihe ndwara n'indwara zivurwa n'abaganga b'indwara z'umutima?

Ubu buryo bushobora kuvura indwara nyinshi zigira ingaruka ku mutima no ku miyoboro y'amaraso. Dore ingero nke:

• Indwara y'imitsi y'umutima
• Ateriosclerosis
• Indwara y'umutima
• Indwara y'imitsi ya Carotid (iyi ni imitsi ikomeye y'amaraso mu ijosi)
• Indwara y'imitsi itera umutima
• Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (kwiyongera kw'imitsi y'umutima)
• Indwara ya Coronary Artery Fistula (Isano idasanzwe hagati y'umuyoboro w'amaraso mu mutima n'undi muyoboro w'amaraso cyangwa igice cy'umutima)
• Indwara y'imitsi yo mu gice cy'imbere (kuziba kw'imitsi y'amaraso mu ngingo)
• Indwara y'imitsi idakira (imitsi)
• Stenose y'umuyoboro w'amaraso (Aortic Valve Stenose)
• Indwara zo kuvura amaraso (`Indwara ya Thromboembolic`)
• Aneurysm
• Umwobo uri mu rukuta hagati ya atrium (`Atrial Septal Defect`)
• Umwobo uri mu rukuta hagati y'imitsi yo mu nda (`Ventricular Septal Defect`)

Ese nkeneye koherezwa kwa muganga w’indwara z’umutima?

Yego, akenshi uzakenera koherezwa n'undi muganga kugira ngo ubone muganga w'indwara z'umutima. Ibi biterwa nuko aba bahanga bahuguwe kugira ngo bakore ikizamini cyangwa ubuvuzi ukeneye.

Aba baganga b'indwara z'umutima bakora he?

Abaganga b’indwara z’umutima bakora mu bitaro, mu bigo nderabuzima byigenga, no mu mashuri y’ubuvuzi. Bamwe bakora ubushakashatsi no kwigisha abanyeshuri biga ubuganga mu gihe batanga ubuvuzi.

Akenshi, aba baganga baba bagiye kuvura ikibazo cyihutirwa, urugero nk'umuntu ufite indwara y'umutima.

Ni ayahe mahugurwa asabwa ku buvuzi bw'indwara z'umutima?

Gukora muri uru rwego bisaba amahugurwa y'imyaka myinshi. Nyuma y'amashuri y'ubuganga (imyaka 4), abakurikirana ubu bushakashatsi bw'inzobere barangiza amahugurwa y'imyaka itatu mu buvuzi bw'imbere mu mubiri, hanyuma hagakurikiraho andi mahugurwa y'imyaka itatu mu buvuzi bw'indwara z'umutima rusange.

Nyuma y'ibyo, uzahabwa nibura undi mwaka w'amahugurwa yihariye yo kuvura indwara z'umutima (`Ubusabane`) mu buryo bukoreshwa mu gukoresha ``Catheter``. Icyo gihe ni bwo uzahabwa ``Impamyabushobozi`` ivuye mu nama y'abaganga.

Bamwe mu baganga b'indwara z'umutima bavura indwara z'umutima ni abanyamuryango b'imiryango nka Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) cyangwa bafite ubunyamuryango bwihariye ("Fellow"). "Fellow" ni umuntu wakoze ubuvuzi burenga 1.000. Ibi bivuze ko uvurwa n'umuntu wahawe amahugurwa ahanitse cyane.

Ni iki wakwitega mu gihe cyo kubonana n'abaganga b'indwara z'umutima?

Keretse iyo ari ikibazo cyihutirwa, umuganga w’indwara z’umutima azakubwira ibibazo by’umutima wawe cyangwa imitsi y’amaraso. Azakubaza ibimenyetso byawe n’igihe umaze ubirwaye. Ni ngombwa kuzana urutonde rw’imiti yose ufata (wandikiwe na muganga, utari usanzwe uhabwa na muganga, vitamine, ndetse n’inyongeramusaruro).

Muganga azagutega amatwi. Azakubaza kandi niba unywa itabi cyangwa inzoga. Azakubaza kandi niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wigeze kugira indwara y'umutima cyangwa ibibazo by'imitsi y'amaraso. Ashobora kandi gukora ibizamini byoroshye, nko gusuzuma umuvuduko w'amaraso.

Niba ukeneye ibizamini byo gusuzuma indwara cyangwa kuvurwa, uzakenera gushyiraho gahunda yihariye kuri uwo munsi. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira uburyo bwo kuvura abona ko bukubereye, hamwe n'inyungu n'ingaruka. Bazakubwira kandi uko wakwitegura kuvurwa. Urugero, ushobora gusabwa kutarya cyangwa ngo unywe amasaha umunani mbere yo gupimwa cyangwa kuvurwa.

Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba no guhangayika gato iyo ubwiwe ko ugiye kubagwa umutima. Ariko ibuka ko iyo ufite indwara z'umutima, uba witabwaho n'inzobere mu by'inzobere. Bashobora gukusanya amakuru bakeneye kugira ngo bamenye indwara hanyuma bakayivura batarinze kubagwa umutima.

Ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kuzirikana (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Rero, ubuganga bw’indwara z’umutima ni ishami ry’ubuvuzi riteye imbere cyane kandi rifasha abarwayi.

• Nta gucikamo ibice bikomeye: Akamaro gakomeye ni uko ibibazo byinshi by'umutima n'imitsi y'amaraso bishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe catheter nto gusa, hatabayeho gucikamo ibice bikomeye.
• Gukira vuba: Kubera ko nta kubagwa gukomeye kwakozwe, kumara mu bitaro ni igihe gito, kandi ushobora gukira vuba ugasubira mu buzima bwawe busanzwe.
• Ubuhanga: Ubu buvuzi bukorwa n'abaganga bahawe amahugurwa yihariye kuri iyi ntego.
• Ntutinye: Niba warahawe ubwo buryo bwo kuvura, vugana na muganga wawe neza kandi umenye amakuru arambuye. Kumenya amakuru nyayo bizagufasha kwirinda ubwoba butari ngombwa.

Niba ufite ikibazo cy'umutima, ntukibagirwe kujya kwa muganga kugira ngo akugire inama. Umutima muzima bisobanura ubuzima bwiza!

Indwara z'umutima, indwara z'umutima, catheter, angioplasty, stent, kubagwa umutima, ubuzima bw'umutima