Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo imibiri yacu ihana ubutumwa buto bwo kurwanya indwara no gufashanya? Hari ibice by'imibiri yacu bikora nk'intumwa nto z'ibanga.
Cytokine ni itsinda ry'ibinyabutabire bikora akazi kadasanzwe. Uyu munsi, turaganira kuri izi ntumwa nto ariko z'ingenzi cyane.
Cytokine ni iki mu by'ukuri?
Mu magambo make, cytokine ni ubwoko bwa poroteyine. Ni nk'intumwa zitanga amakuru mu
buvuzi bwacu bw'umubiri . Tekereza ku buvuzi bwacu bw'umubiri nk'ingabo zirinda igihugu. Izi ngabo zifite
amashami atandukanye, abasirikare. Ni nde wohereza ubutumwa bw'aba basirikare (ni ukuvuga uturemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa) nk'ubu bugira buti: "Umwanzi araje!" "Genda hano urwane!" "Wirinde gutya!"? Ibyo ni byo izi
cytokine zikora. Iyo
indwara zitera indwara nka mikorobe, virusi, bagiteri, cyangwa allergie zinjiye mu mibiri yacu, izi cytokine zibwira uturemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa bwacu "gukora, kurwanya aba bagizi ba nabi." Si ibyo gusa, ahubwo izi cytokine zifasha ubudahangarwa bwacu gukora neza no guhuza, ndetse no mu gihe nta kibazo kiri ku mibiri yacu. Nk'uko ubutumwa buhererekanwa kugira ngo ibiro byacu bikomeze gukora neza.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa cytokine buriho?
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye bw'abagize uyu muryango w'intumwa zitwa cytokines. Zose zibwira uturemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa aho tugomba kujya n'icyo gukora. Ariko hari ubwoko bwinshi, bitewe n'imikorere yatwo. Reka turebe bumwe mu bwoko bw'ingenzi.
- Chemokines: Izi ni "abayobozi." Zimeze nka GPS. Ni zo ziyobora uturemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri aho indwara yanduriye, zikababwira ziti "Nimuze hano."
- Interferon: Izina ry'ibi risobanura "kwivanga." Bisobanura iki kwivanga? Bikora mu guhagarika virusi kwinjira mu turemangingo twacu no gukora virusi nyinshi ('kwivanga'). Ni nko gushyiraho icyapa cya virusi kivuga ngo "Nta kindi kigiye hano!"
- Interleukins: Izina rikomoka ku magambo "inter" (hagati) na "leukocyte" (uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera). Mbere byatekerezwaga ko ibi binyabutabire bihuza gusa uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera. Ariko, ubu byagaragaye ko binakorwa n'izindi selile kandi ko binahuza uturemangingo tw'amaraso tutari twera.
- Igitera indwara ya Tumor Necrosis (TNF): Iri zina risa n'aho riteye ubwoba, si byo se? Akazi kayo k'ingenzi ni ukumenyaIrwanya ububyimbirwe , bivuze kubyimba no gutukura. Ituma kandi uturemangingo tw’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri turwanya indwara dusenya uturemangingo tw’ikibyimba .
- Ibintu Bitera Iterambere ry’Amaraso (CSF): Ibi ni nk'"abacunga uruganda rw'uturemangingo" mu mubiri wacu. Kubera ko hari ubwoko bwihariye bw'uturemangingo twitwa uturemangingo tw'amaraso (HSC) . Utu turemangingo dushobora gukora ubwoko bwose bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso nka uturemangingo tw'umweru, uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura, na plaquettes. Iyi "nzira yo gukora" ( Hematopoiesis ) ifashwa n'iyi "CSF", ni ukuvuga ko ibwira uturemangingo tw'amaraso "gukora ubwoko bw'uturemangingo". Urugero, " G-CSF " ifasha gukora ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera twitwa "Neutrophil" . Utu turemangingo tw'amaraso ni ingenzi cyane mu kurwanya indwara.
Izindi cytokine zimwe na zimwe zitwa amazina y’ubwoko bw’ingirabuzimafatizo izikora.
- Lymphokines: Kubera ko zikorwa n'ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru twitwa lymphocytes.
- Monokine: Kubera ko zikorwa n'ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru twitwa monocytes.
Ni ubuhe bufasha cytokines zitanga ku mibiri yacu?
Iyo tuvuze ku ndwara ziterwa na cytokine, abantu benshi batekereza ku
kubyimba . Iyo tuvuze ku kubyimba, dutekereza ku kubyimba no gutukura bibabaza bibaho mu gihe cy'uburwayi cyangwa aleriji. Ariko mu by'ukuri kubyimba ni ikimenyetso cy'uko uturemangingo tw'umubiri wacu turimo kurwanya abatwikiri cyangwa gukiza ingingo zakomeretse.
Tekereza iyo utemye urutoki rwawe, agace kakabyimba kagatukura, sibyo? Ibyo ni ukubyimba. Ibyo bivuze ko cytokines zoherezwayo, ziti "Hari ikibazo hano, ngwino urebe, ukize igikomere," maze uturemangingo tureba tukazanwa tugatangira gukora.
Rero, cytokines ni nk'intumwa z'imiti zibwira uturemangingo "uko tugomba kwitwara." Zigaragaza ibintu nk'ibi:
- Gukora k'uturemangingo: Bibwira uturemangingo aho tugomba kujya n'icyo gukora. Urugero, byerekeza uturemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri aho twanduriye kugira ngo turwanye udukoko . Binagaragaza ko byongera cyangwa bigabanya inzira zijyanye no kubyimba.
- Itandukaniro ry'uturemangingo:Ibi ni nk'ishuri ry'amahugurwa. Bafata uturemangingo tutarakura bakadutoza kuba "iyi ni yo selile wifuza kuba yo nukura." Urugero, bafata uturemangingo duto bakaduhindura uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera dushobora kurwanya indwara.
- Kwiyongera kw'uturemangingo: Ibi bivuze "gutuma abantu benshi bagukunda." Ni nko gukora kopi. Urugero, iyo ukeneye uturemangingo twinshi tw'amaraso kugira ngo urwanye ubwandu, utanga ubutumwa ku turemangingo tw'amaraso twera usanzwe ukoresha kugira ngo "dutume abantu benshi bagukunda."
Si ibyo gusa, ahubwo rimwe na rimwe cytokine zitanga ubutumwa ku turemangingo tw’umubiri wacu kugira ngo "tukore cytokine nyinshi." Hanyuma ingaruka zo kubyimba zirushaho kwiyongera.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya cytokine zirwanya ubushyuhe n'izirwanya ubushyuhe?
Iyo ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri bukora neza, cytokines zitera ububyimbirwe iyo bikenewe kugira ngo zirwanye ababutera kandi zikize ingirangingo. Hanyuma, ziravuga ziti "Sawa, birahagije, ni byo," kandi zigabanya ububyimbirwe kandi zigahagarika. Ni nk'icyuma
kigabanya ubushyuhe (pedal ya gazi) na feri y'imodoka.
- Cytokines zitera ubushyuhe: Izi ni "pedali za gaz." Izi ni zo zigaragaza ko ubushyuhe butangiye kandi bwiyongera. Iyo umwanzi yinjiye mu mubiri wacu, aravuga ati "Nimuze mwese mwitegure urugamba!"
- Cytokine zirwanya ububyimbirwe: Izi ni "feri". Izi ni zo zigaragaza ko ububyimbirwe buhagaze kandi bukagabanuka . Kuko, iyo ububyimbirwe bwiyongere cyane, bishobora no kwangiza ingingo nziza mu mubiri wacu. Izi ni zo zibibuza.
Mu by’ukuri, guhagarika ububyimbirwe ni ingenzi kimwe no kubutangira. Ububyimbirwe bwinshi bushobora gutera ibimenyetso bitoroshye, indwara z’igihe kirekire, kandi rimwe na rimwe, iyo butavuwe, bushobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.
Izi cytokine zakora zite?
Ibi bibaho mu buryo bworoshye cyane. Tekereza kuri cytokine
nk'urufunguzo , kandi hari
'receptor' ku ngirabuzimafatizo ihuye n'urwo rufunguzo. Iyo cytokine (urufunguzo) igiye ikagera muri 'receptor' kuri iyo ngirabuzimafatizo, iyo ngirabuzimafatizo yakira ubutumwa bugira buti "Ni iki cyakorwa?". Hanyuma iyo ngirabuzimafatizo ikora hakurikijwe ubwo butumwa. Reka turebe urugero. Iyo imwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo zacu z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ibonye ikintu kibi, nka virusi, mu mubiri, iyo ngirabuzimafatizo irekura cytokine. Iyi cytokine inyura mu maraso cyangwa mu ngingo z'umubiri igasanga ingirabuzimafatizo ifite 'receptor' ihuye nayo. Iyo cytokine ifatanye n'iyo 'receptor', ingirabuzimafatizo yakira ubwo butumwa ihabwa amabwiriza. Wenda iyo ngirabuzimafatizo izajya aho virusi iri igatangira kuyitera. Cyangwa, izakomeza ubwirinzi bwayo kugira ngo ibuze virusi kwinjira. Cytokine zishobora kohereza ubutumwa ku ngirabuzimafatizo yazirekuye, ku ngirabuzimafatizo zegereye, cyangwa ndetse no ku ngirabuzimafatizo ziri kure.
- Kohereza ubutumwa kuri selile yayo (`Autocrine signaling`):Cytokine ifatana n'agace kayifasha kumva ihumure kari ku ngirabuzimafatizo kayirekuye.
- Paracrine signaling: ifatana na receptors ziri ku turemangingo twegeranye.
- Imyakura y'imisemburo: Cytokines zigira uruhare mu gufata amajwi ku turemangingo turi kure y'uturemangingo twayirekuye.
Hari uturemangingo hirya no hino mu mibiri yacu dufite ‘receptors’ za cytokine. Mu by’ukuri, ingingo nyinshi mu mibiri yacu zirimo uturemangingo dufite ‘receptors’. Niyo mpamvu ubushyuhe bushobora kubaho ahantu hose.
Ese za cytokine zituruka he? Ni nde uzikora?
Cytokine zikunze kugaragara mu mubiri wacu zikorwa
n'uturemangingo tw'umubiri , ari two turemangingo tw'amaraso (leukocytes). Zimwe muri zo zirimo:
- Macrophages
- Uturemangingo twa dendritic
- Lymphocytes (lymphocytes T na B)
- Monocytes
- Neutrophils
- Basofili
- Eosinofili
- Uturemangingo tw'umukondo
Ariko si uturemangingo tw’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri gusa, ahubwo n’ubundi bwoko bwinshi bw’uturemangingo mu mubiri wacu bushobora gukora cytokines. Dore ingero nke:
- Uturemangingo tw’amaraso: Uturemangingo twinjira mu mitsi y’amaraso imbere.
- Uturemangingo tw’imbere mu mubiri: Uturemangingo turi ku ngingo zacu.
- Fibroblast: Utunyangingo tuboneka mu ngingo zihuza.
- Uturemangingo twa Stromal: Ubundi bwoko bw'uturemangingo tuboneka mu turemangingo.
- Uturemangingo twa Schwann: Uturemangingo dukikije uturemangingo tw'imitsi (neurons).
Ubwoko bumwe bwa cytokine bushobora gukorwa n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'uturemangingo.
Ni izihe ndwara zishobora guterwa na cytokines?
Cytokine ni ingenzi ku budahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu, kandi byagiye bifitanye isano n'indwara nyinshi dushobora kurwara. Ubusanzwe, cytokine zidufasha kwirinda kwandura. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwacu bushobora gukora cytokine nyinshi cyane. Ibi bishobora kuba ari ukwita ku bwandu cyangwa nk'igice cy'ubuvuzi nka
immunotherapy . Ibi byitwa
cytokine release syndrome (CRS) cyangwa
cytokine storm . Ibi bishobora gutera ibimenyetso bitandukanye bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwinshi bw'umubiri wacu. Iyo bitavuwe, iki kibazo gishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Iyo cytokine nyinshi zibaye nyinshi, ubushyuhe buriyongera. Uku kubyimba gukabije gushobora kwangiza ingirangingo, bigatera indwara nka:
- Indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri: Iki ni cyo gihe uturemangingo tw'umubiri wacu twibasira uturemangingo twacu tuzima twibeshye.
- Ingorane za metabolisme:Ibibazo bijyanye n'imikorere y'umubiri, inzira umubiri wacu ukoresha mu guhindura ibiryo mo ingufu no gukuraho imyanda.
- Kanseri
- Sepsis: Iki ni cyo gihe umubiri ubyimba cyane ku buryo amaraso atembera mu ngingo z'ingenzi z'umubiri agabanuka. Sepsis ni ikibazo cyihutirwa cy'ubuvuzi gishobora kwica.
Ariko ntugire ikibazo. Niba umubiri wawe ufite urugero rwa cytokine rwinshi kandi ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bukaba bukora cyane, muganga wawe ashobora kuguha imiti yo kugabanya ubwo bubyimba.
Igice cya cytokine ni iki?
Abaganga bashobora kumenya niba umubiri wawe ukora cytokine nyinshi cyangwa nkeya. Babikora bakoresheje ikintu cyitwa
cytokine panel . Iki ni ikizamini cyoroheje cy'amaraso. Bafata icyitegererezo cy'amaraso yawe bagasuzuma urugero rwa cytokine zifitanye isano n'ububyimbirwe. Iyo urugero rwa cytokine ruri hejuru, bivuze ko hari ububyimbirwe bwiyongera. Hanyuma, imiti ikenewe ishobora gutangira.
Ibintu by'ingenzi tugomba kwibuka muri iyi nkuru ni
Rero, ushobora kuba usobanukiwe akamaro ka cytokines ku bushobozi bw'umubiri wacu bwo kugira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwiza. Kimwe n'ibindi byose,
kugabanya ubwiyongere ni ingenzi.
Iyo uburyo bwo gutanga ibimenyetso bya cytokine buri ku rugero rukwiye kandi mu buryo bukwiye, bushobora kuturinda kwandura. Ariko, iyo urugero rwa cytokine rubaye rwinshi cyane, ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora kugira ingaruka mbi iyo butavuwe.
Kubwibyo, ni ingenzi cyane kumenya ubu buryo butangaje bwo kuvugana bubera mu mibiri yacu. Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa gushidikanya kuri ibi, ntugatinye kuvugana na muganga.
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