Izi selile z'inyuma ni iki? (Selile z'inyuma) Reka tubimenye neza!

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo imibiri yacu ikorwa, n'uko izi selile zivugururwa uko tugenda dukura? Mu by'ukuri imibiri yacu ni ikiremwa gitangaje. Igice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'iki kiremwa ni selile z'inyuma tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi, cyangwa nk'uko wabyumvise, "Selile z'inyuma".

None se izi selile z’ingirabuzimafatizo ni iki?

Mu magambo make, niba umubiri wawe ari inyubako nini, izi selile ni nk'urufatiro rw'iyo nyubako. Izi selile ni zo zonyine mu mubiri wacu, kandi zishobora gukora izindi selile zigira imirimo yihariye. Tekereza gato, dufite za tiriyari z'uturemangingo mu mubiri wacu, kandi izi selile zishobora gukora ubwoko burenga 200 bw'uturemangingo twihariye. Urugero, ibintu nk'uturemangingo tw'amaraso, uturemangingo tw'amagufwa. Ubwoko bumwe bw'uturemangingo tw'inyuma bubanza kubaka umubiri wacu wose. Hanyuma, ubundi bwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'inyuma, nk'itsinda rishinzwe kubungabunga, bukora ibikorwa byo gusana ibice bitandukanye by'umubiri wacu.

Izi selile zifata uturemangingo bikora gute?

Hari ibintu bibiri uturemangingo fatizo dukora nta rundi rugingo rushobora gukora.

• Ikintu cya mbere ni uko zishobora gukomeza kwigabanya no gukora kopi nyazo. Uturemangingo dusanzwe na two twigabanya, ariko dufite igihe gito cyo kubaho. Ariko uturemangingo fatizo ntiturakora, dushobora gukomeza kwivugurura.
• Icya kabiri ni uko ari bo bonyine bashobora gukora uturemangingo twihariye (dutandukanye). Ni ukuvuga ko iyo urugingo rwangiritse, bashobora gukora uturemangingo dushya two kurusimbura. Ubu ni ubushobozi bw'ingenzi cyane. Dore ingero nke:
• Ubwoko bwitwa ``Hematopoietic stem cells’’ (buvugwa nka ‘he-ma-to-poy-ee-tik’’) bufasha mu gukora uturemangingo tw’amaraso (uturemangingo dutukura, uturemangingo twera) n’uturemangingo tw’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri.
• Uturemangingo tw’ibanze dufasha uturemangingo tw’uruhu rwacu, turakenewe mu kuvugurura uruhu no gukira ibikomere .
• Uturemangingo tw’inyuma twa Mesenchymal (tuzwi nka 'me-sen-ky-mal') dufasha kubaka ibintu nk'uturemangingo tw'amagufwa, imitsi, imitsi n'ibinure.

Kuki izi selile z'ingenzi ari ingenzi cyane?

Uturemangingo tw’ibanze si ingenzi gusa mu kubaka no kubungabunga imibiri yacu, ahubwo ni ingenzi mu bushakashatsi bw’ubuvuzi. Abashakashatsi biga uturemangingo tw’ibanze kubera impamvu nyinshi z’ingenzi:

• Sobanukirwa uburyo indwara zikura: Abashakashatsi barimo gukura uturemangingo fatizo dukomoka ku ngingo zitandukanye. Mu kureba uburyo utwo turemangingo duhinduka uko dukura, bashobora gusobanukirwa neza uburyo indwara nka diyabete , indwara z'umutima , n'indwara z'imitsi zitangira kandi zigakura ku rwego rw'uturemangingo.
• Kumenya niba uturemangingo tw’inyuma dushobora gukoreshwa mu gusimbura uturemangingo twangiritse cyangwa tutameze neza: Iki ni kimwe mu byiringiro bikomeye ku turemangingo tw’inyuma. Abashakashatsi barimo gushakisha uburyo uturemangingo tw’inyuma dushobora gukoreshwa mu gutandukanya ubwoko butandukanye bw’uturemangingo no kuvura ibyangiritse cyangwa indwara mu gice runaka cy’umubiri. Tekereza, umunsi umwe, uturemangingo tw’inyuma dushobora gukoreshwa mu gusimbura uruhu rwangiritse bitewe n’ubushye bukabije, gusana igice cy’igikomere cy’umugongo, cyangwa kuvura indwara nk’indwara ya Parkinson .
• Gerageza imiti mishya n'uburyo bwo kuvura: Abashakashatsi bakoresha uturemangingo tw’ibanze kugira ngo babone imiti ishobora kuba ingirakamaro ku ndwara zimwe na zimwe. Bakoresheje uturemangingo tw’ibanze twahinduwe (urugero, uturemangingo twahinduwe kugira ngo tube dufite indwara runaka), bashobora kumenya niba umuti ukora, nta kibazo ufite, kandi niba ufite ingaruka mbi mbere yo kuwuha abantu mu igeragezwa ry’ubuvuzi. Ibi bishobora kandi kugabanya igihe n’ikiguzi cyo gushaka imiti mishya.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo tw'ibanze?

Abaganga bashyira uturemangingo tw’umubiri mu byiciro bitewe n’aho dukomoka cyangwa imikorere yatwo. Ariko abantu benshi bashobora kuba barumvise ibyo byiciro bishingiye ku isoko. Reka turebe ubwoko bw’ingenzi:

• Uturemangingo tw’inyuma (pluripotent): Utu turemangingo dufite imbaraga zitangaje zo guhinduka ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw’uturemangingo. Ibyo bivuze uturemangingo tw’uruhu, uturemangingo tw’umutima, uturemangingo tw’ubwonko, ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose! 'Pluri' bivuga 'nyinshi'. 'Imbaraga' ikomoka ku ijambo ry’ikilatini risobanura 'ubushobozi'. Abashakashatsi mu by’ubuvuzi babona utwo turemangingo tw’inyuma mu maraso y’inkondo y’umura cyangwa mu dusabo tw’intanga twatanzwe mu bushakashatsi binyuze mu gutera intanga mu buryo bwa vitro.

Icy'ingenzi: Hari ibitekerezo bitandukanye n'ibibazo by'imyitwarire biganirwaho hirya no hino ku isi ku bijyanye no gukusanya no gukoresha utwo turemangingo tw'inda. Kubwibyo, dukoreshwa mu bwitonzi bwinshi kandi hakurikijwe amategeko akaze gusa.

• Uturemangingo tw’umubiri twihariye (dufite imbaraga nyinshi cyangwa tudafite imbaraga nyinshi): Utu turemangingo dushobora kandi gukora uturemangingo dushya, ariko ni uturemangingo twihariye ku mubiri tubamo. Ni ukuvuga ko ari utw’umwihariko. Urugero, uturemangingo tw’umubiri dukora amaraso mu musokoro wawe w’amagufwa dushobora gukora uturemangingo dushya tw’amaraso na plaquettes. Ariko ntidushobora gukora uturemangingo dushya mu bihaha cyangwa mu mwijima. Abashakashatsi babona utwo turemangingo mu turemangingo dutangwa n’abantu bakuru (nyuma yo kuvuka).
• Uturemangingo tw’ibanze twibasiwe n’ingufu nyinshi (uturemangingo twa iPS cyangwa iPSC):Ibi ni bimwe mu bintu bitangaje byavumbuwe mu bumenyi bwa none. Izi ni uturemangingo tw’ibanze dukorerwa muri laboratwari. Zifata uturemangingo tw’abantu bakuru dusanzwe (nk’uturemangingo tw’uruhu) zikaduhindura mu buryo bw’uturemangingo kugira ngo twitware nk’uturemangingo tw’ibanze tw’urusoro, dushobora guhinduka ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw’uturemangingo. Utwo turemangingo twa ``(iPS)`` twafashije kwirinda ibibazo byinshi by’amahame mbwirizamuco byavutse mu ikoreshwa ry’uturemangingo tw’ibanze tw’urusoro. Abashakashatsi mu by’ubuvuzi bakoresha utwo turemangingo kugira ngo biga uburyo ingirangingo zikura, uburyo indwara zigira ingaruka ku ngingo, no kugerageza imiti mishya n’uburyo bwo kuvura.

Abashakashatsi bakora bate kuri izi selile z’ingirabuzimafatizo?

Ubusanzwe iyi gahunda itangirana n'uturemangingo tw'ibanze tw'umubiri dutangwa. Cyangwa, nk'uturemangingo tw'ibanze twakozweho twavuze mbere, hamwe n'uturemangingo dusanzwe. Hanyuma, abashakashatsi bakura utu turemangingo tubarirwa muri za miriyoni mu buryo bwihariye bw'intungamubiri muri laboratwari. Intego yabo ni ugukora utu turemangingo tw'ibanze mu turemangingo twihariye bashaka (urugero: uturemangingo tw'imitsi y'umutima, uturemangingo tw'imitsi). Bakoresha ibimenyetso bitandukanye bya shimi n'ibintu bikura kugira ngo babikore.

Ni gute abaganga bakoresha uturemangingo tw’umubiri mu kuvura indwara?

Abaganga bamaze gukoresha neza uturemangingo tw’umubiri mu kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe.

• Gutera Udukoko tw’Amagufwa: Ubu ni bwo buryo buzwi cyane kandi butanga umusaruro mu kuvura uturemangingo tw’amagufwa . Abaganga bashobora gukoresha uturemangingo tw’amagufwa tw’abantu bakuru kugira ngo basimbuze uturemangingo tw’amagufwa twangiritse cyangwa tudasanzwe. Utwo dukoko dukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara nka:
• Ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso: Leukemia, multiple myeloma, na non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Abantu bafite izi ndwara bakunze gukenera guterwa uturemangingo tw’umubiri nyuma yo guhabwa imiti ihanitse cyangwa imiti ivura imirasire kugira ngo bice uturemangingo twa kanseri mu musemburo wabo.
• Indwara z'amaraso: Indwara z'uturemangingo nka sickle cell anemia na thalassemia.
• Aplastic Anemia: Indwara aho umwongo w'amagufwa udakora uturemangingo tw'amaraso duhagije.
• Kuvunika kw'amagufwa no kwangirika kw'agatsi: Abaganga rimwe na rimwe bakoresha uduce tw'amagufwa, dukozwe mu turemangingo tw'igufwa twakuwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo n'ibindi bikoresho, kugira ngo bakize kuvunika kw'amagufwa. Nanone, hari gukorwa ubushakashatsi ku birebana n'uko agatsiko k'amagufwa kangiritse mu ngingo nk'ivi.

Ese abaganga bazigera bakoresha uturemangingo tw’inyuma tw’umwana uri mu nda?

Yego, hari igihe abaganga bakoresha uturemangingo tw’amaraso twatanzwe mu kuvura indwara z’amaraso, cyane cyane ku bana. Amaraso y’amaraso arimo uturemangingo tw’amaraso asa n’uturemangingo tw’amaraso y’umwana uri mu nda, ariko akaba yihariye kurushaho. (Amaraso y’amaraso ni amaraso aguma mu nda no mu nyababyeyi nyuma yo kuvuka k’umwana.) Ubu buryo bwo kuvura, bukoreshwa n’amaraso y’amaraso yatanzwe, ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kuvura uturemangingo tw’amaraso y’umwana uri mu nda bwemewe n’Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n’imiti muri Amerika (FDA).

Utu turemangingo tw’umubiri duherereye he mu mubiri wacu?

Ufite uturemangingo tw’umubiri wawe wose, ariko uturemangingo dutandukanye tugizwe n’uturemangingo tw’umubiri twihariye kuri iyo ngingo. Dukunze kuboneka mu musokoro w’amagufwa yawe (iyi ni yo soko nini), mu bwonko, mu mitsi y’amaraso, mu gice kiri munsi y’uruhu rwawe, mu mitsi, mu mwijima no mu mutima . Ariko, uko ugenda usaza, umubare w’uturemangingo tw’umubiri n’imikorere yatwo birashobora kugabanuka.

Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kwibasira uturemangingo tw’umubiri?

Umwongo wo mu igufwa ryawe - igice cyoroshye kandi gisa n'ikinyabutabire kiri mu magufwa amwe - niho uturemangingo tw'amaraso tuba uturemangingo (uturemangingo dutukura, uturemangingo twera) na plaquettes bikorerwa. Uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso dutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mubiri wose. Uturemangingo tw'amaraso dufasha kurwanya indwara. Uturemangingo tw'amaraso tugenzura kuva amaraso . Bityo, ikintu cyose kigira ingaruka ku mwongo wo mu igufwa ryawe gishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye kuri utwo turemangingo tw'amaraso. Zimwe mu ndwara zikunze kugira ingaruka ku turemangingo tw'amaraso harimo:

• Anemia yo mu bwoko bwa Aplastic
• Indwara za myeloproliferative (izi ni indwara aho uturemangingo two mu musemburo w'amagufwa dutera imbere cyane)
• Lymphoma (kanseri yo mu ruhu, ariko ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku musokoro w'amagufwa)
• Leukemia (kanseri y'amaraso itangira mu buryo butaziguye mu turemangingo tw'igufwa)

Ni gute nakomeza kugira uturemangingo twanjye tw’umubiri tumeze neza?

Nta buryo bwizewe bwo gukora no kubungabunga uturemangingo tw’umubiri dufite ubuzima bwiza, kuko imikorere yatwo ahanini ifitanye isano n’uturemangingo n’imyaka. Ariko, gukurikiza ingeso nziza z’ubuzima muri rusange bishobora kugirira akamaro uturemangingo twacu twose, harimo n’uturemangingo tw’umubiri:

• Kurya indyo yuzuye: Shyiramo poroteyine zitarimo ibinure byinshi, imboga nyinshi, imbuto, n'ibinyampeke byuzuye. Ibiribwa bikungahaye kuri antioxydants (ubururu, inkeri, imboga z'icyatsi kibisi) bishobora gufasha kurinda uturemangingo kwangirika.
• Irinde kunywa itabi no kurinywa burundu: Itabi ni umwanzi ukomeye wangiza uturemangingo, wongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri, kandi ukangiza ADN.
• Niba unywa inzoga, gabanya ingano yazo:Amabwiriza y’Umuryango w’Abanyamerika ushinzwe kurwanya kanseri avuga ko iyo unyoye inzoga, abagabo ntibagomba kurenza ibinyobwa bibiri ku munsi, naho abagore ntibagomba kurenza kimwe ku munsi.
• Rinda uruhu rwawe urumuri rwa ultraviolet, rwaba ruturuka ku zuba cyangwa ku duce duto tw’izuba: Urumuri rwa ultraviolet rushobora no kwangiza uturemangingo tw’uruhu ndetse rugatera kanseri.
• Vugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'inkingo zo kurinda virusi. Indwara zimwe na zimwe za virusi (urugero: hepatite) zishobora kwangiza uturemangingo igihe kirekire.
• Gucunga imihangayiko yawe: Imihangayiko myinshi ibangamira uturemangingo tw'umubiri. Ushobora kugabanya imihangayiko binyuze mu bintu nk'imyitozo ngororamubiri, gutekereza cyane no kuruhuka.
• Gusinzira bihagije: Mu gihe cyo gusinzira niho uturemangingo tw'umubiri twisana ubwatwo.

Ese nshobora kongera umubare w'uturemangingo tw'umubiri wanjye mu buryo busanzwe?

Ushobora kuba warasomye ko gufata vitamine zimwe na zimwe (nka vitamine D na B12) cyangwa gufata inyongeramusaruro zimwe na zimwe bishobora kunoza ubuzima bw'uturemangingo tw'umubiri cyangwa kongera umubare w'uturemangingo tw'umubiri. Abashakashatsi baracyari kwiga isano iri hagati ya vitamine zimwe na zimwe n'ubuzima bw'uturemangingo tw'umubiri. Ariko, ntibiramenyekana neza niba gufata vitamine gusa cyangwa kurya ibiryo runaka bishobora kongera umubare w'uturemangingo tw'umubiri. Ikintu cyiza ni ukurya indyo yuzuye no kugira ubuzima bwiza.

None se, ni ubuhe butumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo kuri twe muri iyi nkuru?

Yego, dukurikije ibyo twavuze, biragaragara ukuntu uturemangingo tw’umubiri dutangaje kandi dufite akamaro mu mibiri yacu. Tekereza gato, hari uturemangingo twinshi mu mibiri yacu. Muri two, uturemangingo tw’umubiri dutandukanye ni umwihariko kuko ari two twonyine dushobora gukora kopi zatwo mu buryo budasubirwaho no gukora uturemangingo twihariye dushobora gusana uturemangingo twangiritse.

Abaganga basanzwe bakoresha uburyo bwo kuvura indwara nka kanseri y'amaraso n'indwara z'amaraso mu rwego rwo kuvura no gukiza indwara nka kanseri y'amaraso n'indwara z'amaraso. Abashakashatsi mu by'ubuvuzi bemeza ko izi ngirabuzimafatizo zifite ubushobozi bwo kuvura no gukiza izindi ndwara nyinshi zikomeye (urugero: indwara z'umutima, diyabete, indwara ya Parkinson, ubumuga). Bityo ubushakashatsi muri uru rwego burakomeje, kandi ku muvuduko wihuse.

Rero, ndizera ko wasobanukiwe neza ibijyanye n'uturemangingo fatizo. Kuba uzi siyansi nk'iyi y'ubuvuzi bidufasha gutekereza cyane ku buzima bwacu, si byo se? Kuko, ubumenyi ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda!