Ese indwara yawe iragoye kuyisuzuma? Reka tuvuge ku baganga b'indwara zandura!

Dufata indwara zitandukanye mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi, si byo se? Zimwe muri zo zirakira mu minsi ibiri cyangwa itatu. Ariko hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zigoye kuzitahura kandi zigoye kuvura. Icyo gihe ni bwo dukeneye ubufasha bw'abaganga b'inzobere. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku itsinda ry'abaganga b'inzobere. Abo ni abaganga b'indwara zandura, cyangwa nk'uko tubivuga mu Cyongereza, `(abaganga b'indwara zandura )` cyangwa `(abaganga b'indangamuntu)`.

Ni nde uyu muganga w’indwara zandura?

Mu magambo make, inzobere mu ndwara zandura ni umuganga wahawe amahugurwa yihariye ku ndwara zandura. Bameze nk'abashinzwe iperereza basuzuma utunyabuzima duto turi mu mibiri yacu. Bafite ubuhanga mu kumenya neza indwara iyo ari yo no kuyivura neza.

None se, indwara yandura ni iki?

Noneho reka turebe iyi ndwara yandura icyo ari cyo. Indwara yandura ni indwara iterwa na mikorobe mbi zinjira mu mubiri wacu. Izi mikorobe ni nto cyane, nto cyane ku buryo zitabonwa n'amaso. Ibi ahanini biterwa na:

• Virusi
• Bagiteri
• Ibihumyo
• Indwara z'udukoko

Izi mikorobe ziradukikije. Tekereza gato, zishobora kuba ku ruhu rwacu, mu mwuka duhumeka, mu mazi tunywa, no mu byo turya. Ariko akenshi, tubana na zimwe muri izi mikorobe nta kibazo. Ntabwo ziduteza ikibazo. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, izi mikorobe zinjira mu mibiri yacu, zikangiza uturemangingo tw’umubiri wacu, kandi zigatera indwara zitandukanye. Izi ndwara rimwe na rimwe zishobora kuba nto cyane, kandi rimwe na rimwe zishobora kuba zikomeye ku buryo zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Izi ndwara zandura zikwirakwira gute?

Indwara zandura zishobora gukwirakwira mu buryo butandukanye.

• Kuva ku muntu umwe kugeza ku wundi: Indwara nk'ibicurane na grippe zikwirakwira mu kirere iyo umuntu yitsamuye cyangwa akorora. Hari indwara zishobora no gukwirakwira no gukorakora.
• Biturutse ku biribwa cyangwa amazi yanduye: Bagiteri zimwe na zimwe na virusi zishobora kwinjira mu mibiri yacu ziturutse ku biribwa cyangwa amazi yanduye. Urugero, indwara za Salmonella.
• Biturutse mu butaka: Hari udukoko twitwa mikorobe tuba mu butaka. Turashobora kwinjira mu mubiri binyuze mu gikomere.
• Indwara zishobora kwanduzwa n'inyamaswa nk'imibu, inda, n'udusimba. Hari n'izindi nyamaswa zishobora kwanduzanya indwara binyuze mu kurumwa cyangwa gushwanyaguzwa.

Izi ndwara zandura zishobora kugira ingaruka ku ruhu rwacu, ku nzira z'inkari, ku bihaha, ku maraso, ndetse no ku gice icyo ari cyo cyose cy'umubiri wacu. Indwara zandura zikunze kugaragara cyane ku isi. Ariko zimwe zirakunze kugaragara kurusha izindi. Ushobora kuba warumvise ibicurane, iseru, ibicurane bisanzwe, indwara yo mu muhogo, na COVID-19.

Ese dukeneye uyu muganga w’inzobere kuri buri ndwara ntoya?

Oya, ibyo si ngombwa. Ntabwo ari ngombwa ko ujya kwa muganga w’indwara zandura igihe ufite ibicurane cyangwa umuriro muto. Muganga w’umuryango wawe cyangwa umuganga mukuru w’indwara rusange ashobora kuvura izo ndwara zoroheje.

None se uyu muganga w’inzobere akenewe ryari? Hakenewe inzobere mu ndwara zandura kugira ngo avure kandi acunge indwara zigoye kuvurwa, zikomeye, zikomeye, cyangwa iz’igihe kirekire (zidakira).

Tekereza, rimwe na rimwe umuganga ntashobora kumenya neza indwara iyo ari yo. Cyangwa imiti batanga ntifasha. Icyo gihe aba baganga b'inzobere ni bo baba ingirakamaro. Bameze nk'abashinzwe iperereza bagerageza gushaka impamvu nyamukuru y'indwara. Bagerageza gushaka icyateye indwara bareba buri kantu kose mu mateka y'ubuzima bwawe n'ibyavuye muri laboratwari.

None se, ni iki inzobere mu ndwara zandura ikora?

Inzobere mu ndwara zandura ni umuganga w’inzobere mu gusuzuma, gucunga no kuvura indwara zikomeye n’izidakira ziterwa n’udukoko nka bagiteri, virusi, ibihumyo, udukoko, na prions.

Akenshi ntibakora bonyine. Bakorana n'abandi baganga n'inzobere mu gusuzuma no gutegura uburyo bwo kuvura. Hari igihe, iyo batabonye icyateye indwara, bashakira ubufasha kuri izi nzobere.

Nanone, aba baganga bamara amasaha menshi bakora ubushakashatsi, bagerageza kumenya uburyo utwo dukoko bigira ingaruka ku bice bitandukanye by'imibiri yacu, n'uburyo utwo tunyabuzima bigira ingaruka ku muryango wacu. Babona kandi ubumenyi kuri ibi bintu bindi:

• Indwara nshya cyangwa zihinduka uko igihe kigenda gihita.
• Ubwandu bwakwirakwira cyane cyane binyuze mu ngendo mpuzamahanga.
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara, n'inkingo byigwa mu buryo bwimbitse.

Ni ryari tugomba kubonana na muganga w’indangamuntu?

Akenshi, umuganga w’umuryango wawe cyangwa undi muganga w’inzobere ukuvura azakujyana kwa muganga w’indwara zandura (ID Doctor). Ibi biterwa nuko bakeneye ubufasha bw’inyongera kugira ngo bapime kandi bavure ubwandu bwawe. Ahari ubwandu budasanzwe, bukomeye, bumaze igihe kirekire, cyangwa ntibumenyekane.

Urugero, umuganga w’uruhu ashobora gusaba ubufasha kwa muganga w’indwara z’uruhu zidasanzwe atazi. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, umuganga w’indwara z’uruhu ashobora gusaba ubufasha kuri bo kugira ngo amenye icyateye indwara y’umusonga igoye kuvura.

Uburyo bumwe abaganga b'indangamuntu bafasha abandi baganga:

• Gusuzuma indwara cyangwa virusi bigoye kumenya, zikomeye.
• Kumenya mikorobe nyayo itera ibimenyetso by'umuntu.
• Gusesengura raporo z'ibipimo bya laboratwari, nk'isuzuma ry'amaraso, no gufata imyanzuro.
• Kuvura indwara zirwanya antibiyotike (ni ukuvuga aho indwara idakira ukoresheje antibiyotike zisanzwe zitangwa).
• Gushaka impamvu y'ibimenyetso nko kugira umuriro mwinshi udasobanutse cyangwa kwiyongera kw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso.
• Gutanga ubuvuzi bwihariye bw'igihe kirekire ku ndwara zidakira nka VIH/SIDA cyangwa Hepatite.
• Kugira ngo tugabanye ubwandu mu bitaro nko mu bitaro, tugira inama yo gushyiraho amabwiriza agenga imiti yica udukoko n'inkingo, kugena ubwoko bw'imiti yica udukoko igomba gukoreshwa, n'ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo kwirinda indwara (PPE) bigomba gukoreshwa.

Ni izihe ndwara zimwe na zimwe abaganga b'indwara z'indangamuntu bavura?

Hari indwara nyinshi zitandukanye zandura ku isi. Dore zimwe mu ndwara zikunze kugaragara cyane inzobere mu ndwara zandura:

• Ubwandu bwa Clostridium difficile (C. diff) (iyi ni bagiteri itera kubabara mu gifu no gucibwamo)
• Ubwandu bwa E. coli (iyi ni bagiteri itera uburozi mu biribwa)
• Umuriro w'impiswi utazwi impamvu
• Hepatite (ubwandu bwa virusi bwibasira umwijima)
• `VIH/SIDA`
• Leukocytosis (umubare munini w'uturemangingo tw'umweru mu maraso)
• Indwara ya Lyme n'izindi ndwara ziterwa n'udukoko
• Indwara y'iseru
• Indwara ya meningococcal (ubwandu bukomeye busa na meningitis)
• Mpox `(Mpox)`
• Indwara z'ibihumyo
• Rubela
• Indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STIs)
• Indwara za streptococcal (indwara zo mu muhogo, indwara z'uruhu, n'izindi)
• Igituntu (TB)
• Inkorora itera inkorora (Pertussis)

Uru rutonde ntirufite iherezo, ariko ibi ni byo babona kenshi.

Ni iki wakwitega iyo ugiye kwa muganga w’indangamuntu?

Iyo ugiye kubonana n'inzobere mu ndwara zandura, babanza kugukorera isuzuma ry'umubiri. Hanyuma bazakubaza amateka yawe yose y'ubuzima. Bashobora kukubaza ibibazo byinshi ku bimenyetso byawe, imiti ufata, n'ibidukikije utuyemo. Ibibazo ku bidukikije birimo ibintu nk'inyamaswa ufite mu rugo, waba waragiye mu mahanga, waba umara igihe kinini hanze, cyangwa niba ukoresha imiti. Aya makuru yose ni ingenzi kuri bo kugira ngo bamenye indwara.

Hanyuma, bashobora gutumiza ibizamini bimwe na bimwe, nk'ibi, kugira ngo bafashe gusuzuma indwara:

• Gupima amaraso
• Ibipimo by'inkari
• Ingero z'intebe
• Udupfundikizo two mu muhogo
• Gupima imiterere y'umubiri (gufata agace gato k'uruhu kugira ngo gasuzumwe)
• Ibizamini byo gufata amashusho nka X-Ray, MRI, CT scans
• Gupfuka umugongo / Gupfuka umugongo

Ni mu bisubizo by'ibi bizamini muganga ashobora kumenya impamvu nyayo y'uburwayi bwawe no gutangira kuvura neza.

Ni gute umuntu aba inzobere mu ndwara zandura?

Kuba inzobere mu ndwara zandura ntabwo byoroshye. Bagomba kuba bafite impamyabumenyi y'ibanze mu buvuzi nk'abandi baganga. Ariko kandi, bamara imyaka myinshi biga ibijyanye n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri (inyigo y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu) na epidemiology (inyigo y'impamvu z'indwara n'uko zikwirakwira).

Bafite ubumenyi bwinshi ku buryo udukoko nka virusi, udukoko, bagiteri n'ibihumyo bigira ingaruka ku mibiri yacu, uburyo bitera indwara, n'uburyo bwo kuzirwanya.

Ibyiciro by'uburezi n'amahugurwa barangiza kuri ibi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Impamyabumenyi y'ibanze.
• Amashuri y'imyaka ine mu ishuri ry'ubuganga.
• Amahugurwa y'imyaka itatu mu buvuzi bw'imbere mu gihugu.
• Ubufatanye mu ndwara zandura (ubusanzwe imyaka ibiri).
• Hari abantu bajya kure bakabona andi mwaka w'amahugurwa yihariye mu ishami runaka, nko kwandura indwara zo gutera ingingo.
• Hanyuma ugomba kubona icyemezo cy'inama y'ubutegetsi.

Urashobora kubona uburyo ibi bisaba ubwitange bungana.

Aba baganga bakorera he?

Inzobere mu ndwara zandura zikorera ahantu hatandukanye.

• Hari abantu bibanda ku bushakashatsi no gukora mu bigo byita ku buzima bya leta, nko mu kigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
• Abandi bakora mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi, bivuze mu bitaro cyangwa mu bigo nderabuzima, bahora babona abarwayi.

Rero, niba ufite indwara yandura igoye kuyisuzuma kandi igoye kuyivura, umuganga w’umuryango wawe ashobora kukwohereza ku muganga w’inzobere mu ndwara zandura. Ni inzobere mu ndwara ziterwa na bagiteri, virusi, ibihumyo, n’udukoko. Bazakorana n’abandi baganga bawe kugira ngo bagufashe gukira vuba.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

• Inzobere mu ndwara zandura ni umuganga ufite ubumenyi bwihariye uvura indwara zikomeye, zigoye kuzimenya, cyangwa zikomeye.
• Si indwara zose zoroheje zisaba uyu muganga w’inzobere. Muganga w’umuryango wawe, Bwana.Bishobora gufasha inshuro nyinshi.
• Niba muganga wawe agutumye kwa muganga w’inzobere mu bijyanye n’indangamuntu, bivuze ko indwara yawe isaba kwitabwaho no kumenyerwa by’umwihariko. Ntugahangayike, barahari kugira ngo bagufashe.
• Aba baganga batangira kuvurwa nyuma yo kumva neza ibimenyetso byawe n'amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, no gukora ibizamini bikenewe.
• Wibuke ko kubonana n'inzobere ikwiye mu gihe gikwiye bishobora gutuma gukira vuba.

Rero, ndizera ko ubu usobanukiwe neza n'inzobere mu ndwara zandura. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Indwara zandura, inzobere, indwara zandura, virusi, bagiteri, uburyo bwo kuvura , ubuzima