Umutima wacu ni pompe itangaje cyane, idahagarara, si byo se? Kuva twavutse kugeza dupfuye, aka kagingo gato gatuma amaraso mu mubiri wacu nta kabuza. Ariko se wari uzi ko kugira ngo iyi pompe ikore neza, ifite sisitemu yayo y'amashanyarazi? Yego, kimwe n'uburyo bwo "guhuza insinga" mu ngo zacu. Ibimenyetso bito biva muri iyi sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ni byo bibwira umutima "gukubita ubu." Ibi byose bibaho mu buryo bunoze kandi busanzwe. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe, amakosa mato ashobora kubaho muri iyi sisitemu y'amashanyarazi. Ni bwo umutima utangira gusimbuka aha na hariya, kwihuta, cyangwa kugabanuka. Mu bihe nk'ibi, dukeneye ubufasha bw'umuntu ufite ubumenyi bwihariye muri iyi sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, aho kuba umuganga usanzwe. Ni cyo twita Electrophysiologist .
Mu magambo make, uyu muhanga mu by'amashanyarazi ni nde?
Tekereza ko hari ikibazo gikomeye ku nsinga z'amashanyarazi mu nzu yawe, amatara arimo arazima, kandi hari ahantu hamwe na hamwe hagaragara imiyoboro migufi. Muri icyo gihe, ntuba urimo kuvugana n'umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi usanzwe, ahubwo uba urimo kuvugana n'umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi ubizi neza. Uko ni ko bimeze. Inzobere mu by'amashanyarazi ni inzobere mu by'amashanyarazi y'umutima.
Ni abaganga b'indwara z'umutima, ariko ubuhanga bwabo buri mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi bugenzura umuvuduko w'umutima. Ubu buryo bw'amashanyarazi ni bwo butuma umutima wacu utera, bukagenzura umuvuduko wawo, kandi bugatuma utera mu buryo buhoraho. Iyo hari ikibazo kiri muri ibi, umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi aba ahari kugira ngo amenye neza aho kiri, ikibazo kiri, kandi akivure.
Duhamagara kandi abahanga mu by'amashanyarazi mu bana bavura ibibazo by'umutima mu bana bato n'ingimbi.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'inzobere mu by'umutima n'inzobere mu by'amashanyarazi?
Aha ni ahantu abantu benshi bahurira n'urujijo. Reka rero tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye.
- Umuganga w’indwara z’umutima ni umuganga w’inzobere mu ndwara zose zifitanye isano n’umutima. Urugero, avura indwara nyinshi, nko kurwara umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso, indwara z’umutima, ibibazo by’imitsi y’umutima, no kunanirwa k’umutima. Ni nk’umuganga mukuru w’umutima.
- Umuganga w’indwara z’umutima ni inzobere mu by’umutima, ariko yatojwe by’umwihariko igice kimwe cy’umutima, ari cyo amashanyarazi n’imigendekere y’umutima .
Muri make, buri muganga w’indwara z’umutima ni umuganga w’indwara z’umutima. Ariko si buri muganga w’indwara z’umutima ni umuganga w’indwara z’umutima. Ni nk’aho atari buri wese uzi imodoka ari umuhanga mu bijyanye n’imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Niba umutima wawe utera nabi (arrhythmia), umuganga w'umutima wawe ashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga w'inzobere mu by'amashanyarazi.
Ni izihe ndwara umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi avura?
Izi nzobere zivura indwara zitandukanye ziterwa n'inenge zitandukanye mu mikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima. Nubwo zimwe muri zo zidakomeye, izindi zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Kubwibyo, ubuhanga bwa Electrophysiologist ni ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane hagati yazo kandi hagatangwa ubuvuzi bukwiye.
Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza zimwe mu ndwara z'ingenzi hamwe n'ibisobanuro byazo byoroshye.
| Izina ry'Ikibazo | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Indwara ya Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) | Ibyumba byo hejuru by'umutima (atria) bitera cyane kandi mu buryo butunguranye, nk'aho binyeganyega. Ibi bishobora gutera indwara nko gucika imitsi. |
| Gutera kw'imitsi mu gice cy'imbere cy'umutima | Bisa gato na AFib, ariko hano icyumba cyo hejuru cy'umutima gitera cyane, ariko gitera kenshi. |
| Tachycardia yo mu mutwe (SVT) | Umutima utera cyane cyane utangirira mu gice cyo hejuru cy'umutima, ukaza mu buryo butunguranye hanyuma ugahagarara vuba. |
| Tachycardia yo mu mitsi (VT) | Umutima utera vuba cyane kandi ushobora guteza akaga utangirira mu byumba byo hasi (ventricles) by'umutima. |
| Gucika intege kw'imitsi yo mu miyoboro y'amaraso (VFib) | Indwara ishyira ubuzima mu kaga cyane aho icyumba cyo hasi cy'umutima kinyeganyega mu buryo butunguranye, bigatuma umutima uhagarara mu buryo butunguranye. |
| Umutima ufunganye | Kuziba cyangwa gutinda kw'amajwi y'amashanyarazi y'umutima ava mu byumba byo hejuru ajya mu byumba byo hasi. Ibi bishobora gutuma umutima utera buhoro cyane. |
| Indwara ya Sinus iterwa n'indwara | Kugabanuka k'imikorere y'agace ka sinus, ari na ko gatuma umutima utera neza. Ibi bishobora gutuma umutima utera cyane cyangwa buhoro. |
Kuki woherejwe kwa muganga w’umuhanga mu by’amashanyarazi (Electrophysiologist)?
Ubusanzwe, umuganga w’umuryango wawe cyangwa inzobere mu by’umutima bazakohereza kwa muganga w’inzobere mu by’amashanyarazi. Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma ibi bibaho.
- Niba ubonye ko umutima wawe utera vuba kurusha uko bisanzwe (Tachycardia) cyangwa buhoro kurusha uko bisanzwe (Bradycardia) .
- Niba ikizamini cya ECG cyerekanye ko umutima wawe udakora neza .
- Niba ukunze gucika intege cyangwa gucika intege , reba niba impamvu ari ikibazo kiri mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi bw'umutima.
- Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite amateka yo gupfa umutima mu buryo butunguranye, reba niba uri mu kaga.
Tekereza, iyo ugiye kureba muganga wawe, areba ECG akakubwira ati: "Hari akantu gato katameze neza mu mikorere y'umutima wawe, reka tubisuzume neza hanyuma tukwereke inzobere ibizi." Ni bwo woherezwa kwa Electrophysiologist.
Ni ibihe bipimo aba baganga bakora?
Kugira ngo amenye neza ikibazo kiri mu mikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima, inzobere mu by'amashanyarazi ikoresha ibizamini bitandukanye. Byinshi muri ibi ni ibizamini byoroshye kandi bidakoresha ingufu nyinshi.
| Izina ry'Ikizamini | Ukora iki kuri ibi? |
|---|---|
| Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG) | Iki ni cyo kizamini cy'ibanze. Utwuma tw'isuzuma, nk'udupapuro tw'isuzuma, dufatanye n'igituza cyawe, amaboko n'amaguru, kandi imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima wawe ifatwa muri ako kanya. |
| Holter Monitor | Iyi ni imashini nto. Uzasabwa kuyambara amasaha agera kuri 24 cyangwa 48. Izahora ifata amajwi y'umutima wawe mu gihe ukora imirimo yawe ya buri munsi. |
| Igenzura ry'ibikorwa | Imeze nk'icyuma cya Holter, ariko gishobora kwambarwa iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru. Iyo wumvise ibimenyetso, ushobora gukanda buto hanyuma ukandika uko umutima wawe utera muri icyo gihe. |
| Echocardiogram (Ishusho) | Ibi ni nko gupima umutima hakoreshejwe ultrasound. Bishobora kureba imiterere y'umutima, imiyoboro y'amaraso, n'uko umutima ukora. |
| Ikizamini cyo Kunyeganyega ku Meza | Ikizamini ku bantu bakunze gucika intege. Ushyirwa ku buriri hanyuma umuvuduko w'amaraso n'umutima wawe bigakurikiranwa uko uburiri bugenda buzunguruka buhoro buhoro buhagaze. |
| Inyigo ya Electrophysiology (Inyigo ya EP) | Iki ni cyo kizamini cyimbitse cyane. Insinga nto cyane (catheters) zinyuzwa mu mutsi uri ku kaguru cyangwa ku kuboko zijya mu mutima, zigakora ikarita y'amashanyarazi y'umutima kugira ngo hamenyekane neza aho ikibazo kiri. |
Ni ibihe bimenyetso ngomba kubonana na electrophysiologist kugira ngo arebe niba hari ikibazo?
Niba ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bikurikira, ni ngombwa cyane kubivuganaho na muganga wawe. Azakohereza kwa muganga w’inzobere mu by’amashanyarazi nibiba ngombwa.
- Umutima utera cyane:Gutera cyane ni byo twita kumva umutima wacu utera. Bishobora kumva umutima wacu uri gutera cyane mu gituza cyacu, nk'aho utera vuba cyane ugahagarara, cyangwa nk'aho usimbutse umuvuduko.
- Guhumeka nabi: Kumva ugorwa no guhumeka nubwo waba ufite utundi dukorwa duto.
- Kubabara mu gituza cyangwa kubabara mu gituza: Kumva ufunze cyangwa ufunganye mu gituza.
- Kuzungera cyangwa gucika intege: Iyi ndwara ishobora kuva ku kumva ufite umutwe ukeye iyo uhagurutse mu buryo butunguranye kugeza ku guta ubwenge.
- Umunaniro: Kumva unaniwe cyane igihe cyose nta mpamvu igaragara.
Kubera ko ibi bimenyetso akenshi bisa, ubuhanga bw'umuhanga mu by'amashanyarazi ni ingenzi kugira ngo amenye neza ikibazo.
Ingorane z'umutima zivurwa zite?
Ikintu cyiza ni uko muri iki gihe hari uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ibibazo byinshi by’umutima. Iyo umuganga w’amashanyarazi amaze gusuzuma neza ikibazo cyawe, azagusaba uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.
| Uburyo bwo Kuvura | Bigenda bite kuri ibi? |
|---|---|
| Umuti | Ibinini bigenzura umutima, bikagabanya umuvuduko, cyangwa bikarinda kubyimba kw'amaraso. |
| Kugabanya Catheter | Ubushakashatsi bwa EP bwagaragaje ko agace k'umutima kohereza ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bitari byo gakorwa hakoreshejwe ingufu nka radiofrequency kugira ngo hakorwe inkovu nto. Hanyuma ibimenyetso bitari byo birahagarara. Ubu ni uburyo bwo kuvura bugira ingaruka nziza ku kigero kirenga 90%. |
| Imashini ifasha mu gupanguza umutima | Igikoresho gito cy'ikoranabuhanga gifasha abantu bafite umutima utera buhoro cyane kugumana umuvuduko usanzwe. Kibagwa gishyirwa munsi y'uruhu. |
| Imashini igabanya ububabare bw'umutima (ICD) | Ibi bisa gato na pacemaker, ariko ikidasanzwe kuri iyi ni uko ishobora kumenya umutima utera vuba cyane (nka VT cyangwa VFib) ushobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga, kandi igatera umutima guhungabana kugira ngo usubire mu buzima busanzwe. |
| Indwara y'umutima | Mu gihe cy’impanuka, umuntu afatwa n’amashanyarazi ashyira "amapine" hanze y’igituza kugira ngo agarure vuba umutima we wihuta kandi utari umeze neza. |
Niba ukeneye kubonana n'inzobere mu by'amashanyarazi (Electrophysiologist), ntutinye. Ni inzobere zabigize umwuga muri uru rwego kandi ziyemeje kunoza ubuzima bwawe. Ganira nabo ku bibazo cyangwa impungenge ushobora kuba ufite. Menya neza uko umerewe n'uko uvurwa.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Inzobere mu by'amashanyarazi ni inzobere mu by'umutima, inzobere mu bijyanye n'imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima n'imigendekere y'umutima.
- Niba ufite ibimenyetso nko gutera kw'umutima vuba, buhoro, kutagira imiterere ikwiye, cyangwa gucika intege kenshi, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'uko hari ikibazo mu mikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima.
- Ntukirengagize ibimenyetso nk'ibi. Menya neza ko ubibwiye muganga wawe.
- Muri iki gihe, hari uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kuvura indwara z'umutima zidakora neza (arrhythmias), kuva ku miti kugeza ku miti igabanya ubukana bw'umutima n'imitsi igabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso.
- Ntutinye guhura n'inzobere mu by'amashanyarazi. Barahari kugira ngo bagufashe. Tega amatwi ibibazo byawe kandi umenye neza ko usobanukiwe byose neza.
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