Ese wigeze ubona ko mama wawe, papa wawe, nyirakuru cyangwa nyirasenge wawe ukunda agenda ahinduka buhoro buhoro? Bashobora kutibuka ibyo bariye mu ifunguro rya mu gitondo, kubaza ibibazo bimwe kenshi, cyangwa se bakagorwa no kubona inzira bazi. Akenshi dutekereza ko ibi ari ibintu bisanzwe mu gusaza. Ariko kwibagirwa byose si ikimenyetso cy'ubusaza gusa. Bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere cy'indwara nka Alzheimer. None rero uyu munsi, reka tumenye byinshi kuri yo.
Mu magambo make, indwara ya Alzheimer ni iki?
Indwara ya Alzheimer ni yo ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bwonko . Indwara ya Alzheimer ni indwara aho imikorere y'ubwonko igenda igabanuka buhoro buhoro, bigatuma umuntu atabasha kwibuka, gutekereza, gutekereza neza, ndetse n'ubushobozi bwo gukora imirimo ya buri munsi. Indwara ya Alzheimer irangwa no gupfa buhoro buhoro kw'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko no kubura aho duhurira n'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko.
Tekereza ubwonko bwacu nk'isomero rinini ry'amakuru. Indwara ya Alzheimer ni nk'aho ibitabo (urwibutso) bibura kimwe kimwe muri iri somero. Ibitabo biherutse kongerwaho (urwibutso ruheruka) ni byo bya mbere bibura. Ariko ibitabo bya kera cyane (urwibutso rw'ubwana) bishobora kugumaho igihe kirekire. Niyo mpamvu umuntu urwaye Alzheimer ashobora kutibuka ibyo yariye ku ifunguro rya nimugoroba ryakeye, ariko ashobora kwibuka neza ikintu cyabaye mu myaka 50 ishize.
Igikuru ni uko ari ibisanzwe kwibagirwa utuntu duto uko tugenda dusaza. Ariko indwara ya Alzheimer ni indwara ikomeye cyane igira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwa buri munsi.
Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera indwara ya Alzheimer?
Nubwo impamvu nyayo itera indwara ya Alzheimer itaraboneka, abaganga bagaragaje ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago. Bimwe muri ibyo ni ibintu dushobora kugenzura. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kuri twe muri Sri Lanka.
| Impamvu y'ibyago | Bigira ingaruka zite? |
|---|---|
| Imyaka | Ingaruka ziyongera buhoro buhoro nyuma y'imyaka 65. Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi gishobora gutera ibyago. |
| Amateka y'umuryango (Genetiki) | Niba umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wa hafi, nka mama wawe, so, cyangwa umuvandimwe wawe, arwaye indwara ya Alzheimer, nawe ushobora kuba uri mu kaga. |
| Diyabete (Diabete Mellitus) | Diyabete idacunzwe neza ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw'ubwonko. Diyabete irakunze kugaragara muri Sri Lanka, bityo rero ikwiye kwitabwaho by'umwihariko. |
| Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension) | Ubwiyongere bw'umuvuduko w'amaraso byangiza umutima n'imitsi ijyana amaraso mu bwonko, bikongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo kwibagirwa. |
| Kunywa itabi | Kunywa itabi bishobora kwangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso itanga amaraso mu bwonko, ikintu gikomeye gituma habaho ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya Alzheimer. |
| Umubyibuho ukabije | Kudagenzura ibiro by'umubiri mu myaka yo hagati byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo kwibagirwa mu gihe cy'izabukuru. |
| Ibikomere byo mu bwonko bikomeretsa (TBI) | Gukomereka bikomeye mu mutwe bitewe n'impanuka cyangwa kugwa bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya Alzheimer mu gihe kizaza. |
Ibimenyetso bifasha kumenya indwara hakiri kare
Kuba umuntu afite kimwe cyangwa bibiri muri ibi bimenyetso ntibivuze ko arwaye indwara ya Alzheimer. Ariko niba ikomeje kandi ikagira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi, ni ngombwa kujya kwa muganga kugira ngo akugire inama .
- Kwibagirwa ibintu biherutse kuba: kwitiranya umunsi, kwibagirwa ibyavugwaga, kubaza ikibazo kimwe inshuro nyinshi.
- Kugorwa no gukora imirimo isanzwe: Ndetse n'imirimo yoroshye nko guteka icyayi, guteka amafunguro, no gutunganya imyenda yawe biragorana.
- Kwibagirwa amagambo: Ndetse n'amagambo yoroshye ntabwo ahita agaruka mu mutwe iyo uvuga. Hari igihe amagambo atari yo akoreshwa mu mwanya wayo.
- Igihe n'ahantu bivangavanze:Bibagirwa aho bari, umunsi, ukwezi, umwaka. Hari igihe, ndetse no mu rugo rwabo, bashobora kuvuga bati "Ndashaka gutaha."
- Kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gufata ibyemezo: Ibi bishobora gutuma umuntu afata ibyemezo bibi iyo akoresha amafaranga kandi agashukwa byoroshye n'abantu atazi.
- Gushyira ibintu mu buryo butari bwo: Gukora ibintu bidasanzwe nko gusiga imfunguzo muri firigo cyangwa gusiga isakoshi mu icupa ry'isukari.
- Impinduka mu myitwarire no mu mico: Umuntu wari usanzwe akunda gusabana n'abandi ahita aceceka, ararakara, akeka ibintu byose, kandi agahangayika.
Kuki utabireka gusa?
Muri Sri Lanka, ni kimwe mu bigize umuco wacu kubaha no kwita ku bageze mu zabukuru. Ariko hari igihe tubona ibi bimenyetso nk' "igice cyo gusaza." Twiyemeza tuti "Mama arimo gusaza, niyo mpamvu yibagirwa cyane."
Ariko ibyo si ukuri. Niba ibi bimenyetso biterwa n'indwara nka Alzheimer, ni ngombwa kujya kwa muganga hakiri kare ukabona isuzuma . Hari impamvu nyinshi zibitera:
1. Menya impamvu nyayo: Ahari impamvu yo kubura kwibuka ni ukubura vitamine, ikibazo cya tiroyide, cyangwa indi ndwara ishobora kuvurwa. Muganga ashobora kugusuzuma.
2. Kurwanya indwara: Nubwo nta muti uhari wo kuvura indwara ya Alzheimer, hari imiti n'uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso no kugabanya ukwiyongera kw'indwara.
3. Gutegura ahazaza: Kumenya indwara hakiri kare biha umuryango umwanya wo guteganya uburyo umurwayi azavurwa, ibijyanye n'amategeko n'imari.
4. Kwita ku mutekano: Umurwayi ashobora kuba mu kaga ko gutembera wenyine, gukoresha umuriro cyangwa amashanyarazi. Gusuzuma indwara bishobora gufasha umuryango kumenya ibi no gushyiraho ibidukikije bitekanye.
Hari igihe abasaza bacu badashaka kujya kwa muganga. Bashobora kuvuga bati “Sindasaze.” Muri icyo gihe, ni inshingano z’umuryango kubashishikariza mu kuvugana kwihangana no mu rukundo, bati “Reka tujye kwisuzumisha gusa, tuganire gato ku byo twibuka.”
Mwebwe mwita ku murwayi murakomeye.
Kwita ku muntu urwaye indwara ya Alzheimer ntabwo byoroshye. Birananiza umubiri n'ubwenge. Ni ibisanzwe kumva ubabaye, urakaye, kandi udafite icyo ukora iyo ureba uwo ukunda agenda ahinduka buhoro buhoro.
- Itoze kwihangana: Nubwo umurwayi yabaza ikibazo kimwe inshuro icumi, subiza wihanganye. Kuri bo, igihe cyose abaza ni nk'ubwa mbere.
- Tegura ahantu hatekanye:Kuraho ahantu hateje akaga mu nzu (hasi hanyerera, ibintu bityaye). Shyira ingufuri zikomeye ku nzugi kugira ngo umurwayi atava wenyine.
- Itumanaho ryoroshye: Vuga mu nteruro ngufi kandi zoroshye. Ntutange amabwiriza menshi icyarimwe.
- Tekereza kuri wowe ubwawe: Mu gihe wita ku murwayi, tekereza ku buzima bwawe bwite. Fata ikiruhuko, kandi usabe ubufasha niba ufite umuntu wo kugufasha. Ubuzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe nabwo ni ingenzi cyane.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Indwara ya Alzheimer si ikintu gisanzwe mu gusaza. Ni indwara igira ingaruka ku bwonko.
- Itondere ibimenyetso nko kwibagirwa, kunanirwa gukora imirimo isanzwe, n'impinduka mu myitwarire.
- Kugenzura ibintu bishobora gutera indwara nka diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, no kunywa itabi bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara.
- Niba umuntu mukuru wo mu muryango wawe afite ibi bimenyetso, irengagize impamvu ivuga ngo "ni ko ibintu bigenda iyo ugeze mu zabukuru" kandi ushake inama z'abaganga ako kanya.
- Nk'umuntu urera umuntu urwaye indwara ya Alzheimer, ni ingenzi cyane kwita ku buzima bwawe bw'umubiri n'ubwo mu mutwe.
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