Ese wumva hari impinduka mu maso yawe? Reka twige ku ikizamini cya Amsler Grid!

Iyo usoma ikinyamakuru cyangwa urebye ku idirishya, ese imirongo igororotse irimo isa n'aho yarambuye kandi ishaje? Hari ahantu hasa n'umukara cyangwa nk'ahantu hadafite abantu? Niba wumva ikintu nk'iki, ntukirengagize gusa. Kuko gishobora kuba ikibazo ku gice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'amaso yawe. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku kizamini cyoroshye cyane kizagufasha kubona ibibazo nk'ibyo mu rugo byoroshye.

Iyi Amsler Grid ni iki?

Mu magambo make, Amsler grid ni igikoresho cyo gusuzuma amashusho gishobora kugenzura byoroshye niba hari ibitagenda neza mu iyerekwa ryawe. Ni imbonerahamwe isa n'umurongo ngenderwaho. Ifite kare nyinshi n'imirongo, n'akadomo gato hagati.

Noneho reka turebe uko bigenda kuri ibi. Tekereza ko ijisho ryacu ari kamera. Hanyuma retina iri imbere mu jisho ni agace k'iyo kamera. Ishusho tubona yafashwe kuri iyi retina. Igice cy'ingenzi kandi cyumvikana cyane cy'iyi retina gifasha mu gufata amashusho asobanutse neza kandi atyaye cyane cyitwa macula . Iyo dusoma igitabo, tureba isura y'umuntu, cyangwa dutwaye imodoka, iyi macula ifasha muri iyi mirimo yose yoroheje.

Rero, iyo macula yangiritse bitewe n'indwara runaka, ibintu tubona bitangira kugaragara nk'ibidasobanutse neza (`metamorphopsia`). Imirongo igororotse isa n'aho idasobanutse neza, ahantu hamwe hahinduka ibidasobanutse neza, kandi hakagaragara utudomo tw'umukara. Ibi nibyo Amsler grid idufasha kubona ndetse n'impinduka nk'izo zitoroshye. Si ibyo gusa, binafasha kwereka umuganga w'amaso aho ubugoryi ubona buri. Hanyuma ashobora gusobanukirwa aho ikibazo kiri muri macula.

Ni mu buhe bwoko bw'indwara iki kizamini ari ingenzi?

Igipimo cya Amsler ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kumenya indwara iyo ari yo yose ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buso bwa macula no gukurikirana impinduka zirimo. Abaganga bagira inama abantu bafite izi ndwara gukora iki kizamini buri munsi, cyane cyane ko iyo impinduka zigaragaye hakiri kare, gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba burundu bishobora kwirindwa.

• Kwangirika kw'amagufwa y'uruhinja (haba zumye cyangwa iz'amazi)
• Ukwiyongera kw'amazi munsi ya retina (Central serous retinopathy)
• Neovascularization ( imitsi mishya y'amaraso igaragara mu jisho )
• Uduce tw'umukara cyangwa icyuho mu maso (scotomas)
• Ikorwa ry'agahu gato ku gahu k'amagufwa (macular pucker / epiretinal membrane)
• Kubyimba kwa cystoid macular
• Kubyimba kw'amagufwa mu maso bifitanye isano na diyabete
• Ibibyimba by'imitsi yo mu bwonko - Ibi bishobora gutera ibibazo byo kureba mu maso yombi (hemianopia y'impande zombi).
• Kwangirika kw'amaso guterwa n'impanuka z'amaso
• Izindi ndwara zo mu mitsi yo mu maso zishobora gutera gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba butunguranye

Byongeye kandi, Amsler grid ikoreshwa mu kubanza gusuzuma ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose kiri kuri macula mbere yo kubagwa cataract.

Ni gute wakoresha Amsler Grid mu rugo?

Ibi biroroshye cyane. Niba muganga wawe aguhaye imbonerahamwe nk'iyi yo gukoresha mu rugo, kora neza uko abivuze (ubusanzwe buri munsi). Kurikiza intambwe zikurikira.

Ese hari ubundi bwoko bwa Amsler Grid?

Yego. Marc Amsler, inzobere mu by'amaso yo mu Busuwisi wakoze Amsler grid, yashyizeho ubwoko 7 butandukanye bwabwo. Akenshi tuvuga ku bwoko bwa mbere (Imbonerahamwe ya 1). Ariko ubundi bwoko nabwo ni ingirakamaro mu bihe byihariye.

• Imbonerahamwe ya 1: Ubu ni bwo bwoko bw'ingenzi kandi bukunze gukoreshwa cyane. Bufite imirongo y'umukara ku ibara ry'umweru.
• Imbonerahamwe ya 2: Ibi bisa n'ibya mbere, ariko byongeyeho, imirongo ine y'umurongo ugororotse irashushanywa kuva ku mfuruka enye kugeza ku kadomo ko hagati. Ibi bifasha abantu bafite akadomo k'umukara hagati mu kureba kwabo kwirinda ako kadomo no kwibanda ku kadomo ko hagati.
• Imbonerahamwe ya 3: Iyi ifite imirongo itukura ku ibara ry'umukara. Ibi bifasha kumenya itandukaniro rito mu miterere y'amabara.
• Imbonerahamwe ya 4: Iyi ifite utudomo tw'umweru dutanye ku ibara ry'umukara aho kuba imirongo. Ikoreshwa mu gutandukanya isura mbi n'ibara ry'umukara.
• Imbonerahamwe ya 5: Iyi ifite imirongo itambitse gusa. Imirongo yera iri ku ibara ry'umukara.
• Imbonerahamwe ya 6: Iyi ni kimwe n'Imbonerahamwe ya 5, ariko ifite imirongo y'umukara ku ibara ry'umweru. Imirongo iri hagati yegeranye kurusha indi mirongo. Ibi bigufasha gufata no kugorama gukomeye.
• Imbonerahamwe ya 7: Uduce turi hagati muri iyi mbonerahamwe ni kimwe cya kabiri cy'uduce turi inyuma, bityo n'impinduka nto mu kureba hagati zishobora kugaragara.

Umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo kwangirika kw'amagufwa y'amaso abibona ate?

Niba ufite indwara nk'iyangirika ry'amagufwa y'amaso (macular degeneration), ushobora kubona impinduka zitandukanye iyo urebye kuri Amsler grid.

Impinduka z'ingenzi zigaragara ni izi:

• Kutabona neza cyangwa kutabona neza.
• Ibice bimwe by'imbonerahamwe bisa nkaho byacitse cyangwa byijimye.
• Uduce tumwe na tumwe tw’imbonerahamwe nta kintu na kimwe kirimo, tugaragara nk’utudomo tw’umukara.

Bite se kuri porogaramu za telefoni zigendanwa?

Muri iki gihe, ushobora no kubona porogaramu za telefoni zigendanwa na tableti zifite ikoranabuhanga rya Amsler. Niba ushaka gukoresha imwe muri izi, vugana na muganga wawe kandi umugire inama. Ashobora kukubwira niba ikubereye.

Ariko ntuzigere wibagirwa ibi: porogaramu ya telefoni igendanwa ntabwo isimbura ubuvuzi. Niba ufite gushidikanya cyangwa impungenge, ugomba kujya kwa muganga w’amaso w’umuhanga kugira ngo agusuzume.