Ese wigeze uhagarara ngo utekereze ku gaciro k'amaso yawe? Nubwo amaso yacu ari idirishya ryacu ku isi, rimwe na rimwe ashobora kwibasirwa n'indwara zikomeye. Imwe muri izo ndwara ni glaucoma. Nubwo ishobora kumvikana nk'aho iteye ubwoba, kuyisobanukirwa hakiri kare bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu kurinda amaso yawe.
Muri make, glaucoma ni itsinda ry'indwara z'amaso aho umuvuduko mu jisho ryawe wiyongera buhoro buhoro, ukangiza ingingo zoroshye ziri inyuma y'ijisho, cyane cyane umutsi w'amaso. Tekereza nk'ipine ryuzuyemo umwuka mwinshi—iyo umuvuduko w'imbere ubaye mwinshi cyane, utera kwangirika. Glaucoma ikunze kwiyongera buhoro buhoro, igakomeza kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita . Iyo itafashwe neza, ishobora gutuma umuntu atabona neza kandi, mu bihe bikomeye, ikagira ubuhumyi. Mu by'ukuri, glaucoma ni yo mpamvu ya kabiri itera ubuhumyi ku isi.
Gusuzuma indwara ya glaucoma cyangwa kumva ko uri mu kaga bishobora gutuma wumva uremerewe cyane. Dushingira ku kureba kwacu hafi ya byose dukora, kandi igitekerezo cyo kubura ubushobozi bwo kubibona giteye ubwoba. Ariko, inkuru nziza ni uko ubwoko bwinshi bwa glaucoma bushobora kuvurwa, cyane cyane iyo bubonetse hakiri kare. Iyo uhawe ubuvuzi bukwiye kandi ugakurikiranwa buri gihe, ushobora kugabanya cyangwa se ukarinda burundu gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba burundu.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya glaucoma, kandi ni gute wayibona?
Mu ntangiriro, glaucoma akenshi nta bimenyetso igaragaza na gato . Ikora nk'igisambo cy'amaso kidasobanutse. Niyo mpamvu abantu benshi batazi ko bayirwaye kugeza igihe habayeho kwangirika gukomeye kandi kudasubirwaho.
Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara:
Nubwo akenshi ucecetse, komeza urebe ibi bimenyetso bishobora kubaho:
- Kumva ububabare cyangwa igitutu mu maso
- Kuribwa umutwe
- Gutukura kw'amaso
- Kureba kabiri (diplopia)
- Kureba nabi
- Kugabanuka buhoro buhoro k'ubushobozi bwo kubona
- Kubona ahantu hatagaragara (scotomas) cyangwa kumva "tunnel vision", aho amaso yawe yo ku ruhande adashobora kugaragara. Urugero, ushobora kubona ibice by'amagambo bibura mu gihe usoma, cyangwa ukumva udashobora kubona neza impande zombi mu gihe ugenda.
Ibimenyetso bisaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa!
Hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe, nka glaucoma ifunga inguni, ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bitunguranye kandi bikomeye. Muri ibi bihe, shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse mu ishami ryihutiye hafi yawe kugira ngo wirinde ubuhumyi buhoraho. Ibimenyetso byihutirwa birimo:
- Amaraso yishyira hamwe imbere y'ijisho ry'amaso (hyphema)
- Amaso yagutse cyangwa kubyimba (buphthalmos, cyane cyane ku bana)
- Kubabara amaso biherekejwe no kugira isesemi no kuruka
- Kubona ibara ry'umukororombya rikikije amatara, nko mu gihe utwaye imodoka nijoro
- Gutangira cyangwa kwiyongera gutunguranye kw'ibintu biremba (utudomo duto twijimye cyangwa imiterere isa n'iy'umugozi)
- Gutakaza icyerekezo gitunguranye kandi kidasobanutse
- Umucyo utunguranye mu rwego rwawe rwo kureba ( photopsias )
Kuki habaho glaucoma?
Impamvu nyamukuru itera glaucoma ni ukwangirika k'umutsi w'amaso , ukora nk'umuyoboro w'ingenzi wohereza amakuru y'amaso ava mu jisho ryawe ujya mu bwonko bwawe. Nubwo ibi rimwe na rimwe bishobora kubaho nta mpamvu igaragara, ikintu gikomeye gishobora gutera ni umuvuduko mwinshi w'amaso mu maso .
Amaso yacu asanzwe akora amazi yitwa aqueous humor kugira ngo atunganire ingingo. Mu jisho rizima, aya mazi anyura mu buryo bumeze nk'umuyoboro witwa trabecular meshwork. Tekereza nk'ikigega cy'amazi gifite umuyoboro wo gusohora amazi; iyo umuyoboro ufunze, amazi arazamuka. Mu gihe cya glaucoma, imiyoboro yo gusohora amazi iraziba cyangwa ikarwanya gutembera kw'amazi, bigatuma yiyongera mu jisho, bigatera umuvuduko w'amazi ndetse amaherezo bikangiza imitsi y'amaso.
Ese hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa glaucoma?
Yego, hari byinshi, ariko muri rusange bishyirwa mu byiciro bikurikira:
- Glucouma yo mu rwego rwo hejuru: Iyi ni yo ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane. Ibaho iyo inguni y'amazi ikomeje gufunguka, ariko imiyoboro y'amazi igenda ifunga buhoro buhoro, nk'uko umuyoboro w'amazi wuzuyemo imyanda. Kubera ko igenda buhoro cyane, akenshi nta bimenyetso igaragaza mu ntangiriro.
- Indwara ya glaucoma yo mu maso ifata inguni: Ibi bibaho iyo iris ishyizwe imbere, igafunga cyangwa igafunga burundu inguni y'amazi. Ijisho rishobora kwimuka, rigatuma amazi adasohoka. Ibi akenshi biba ari ikibazo gitunguranye, kirangwa no kubabara cyane amaso no gutukura.
- Glaucoma ya kabiri: Ibi biterwa n'izindi ngorane zishingiyeho, nko gukomereka mu maso, indwara yo gukwirakwira kw'amabara, indwara zo kubyimba nka uveitis, gukoresha imiti runaka igihe kirekire (nk'imiti ya corticosteroids), cyangwa ingorane nyuma yo kubagwa.
- Glaucoma y’abana bavukanye: Ubu bwoko bw’indwara iterwa n’imikurire mibi (nk’indwara ya aniridia, indwara ya Marfan, cyangwa indwara ya rubella y’ababyeyi). Niba ubona amaso y’umwana wawe asa n’aho ari manini cyane, ahora anywa amazi, cyangwa asa n’aho afite ubworoherane mu mucyo, shaka ubufasha kwa muganga byihutirwa.
Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera glaucoma?
Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera glaucoma. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo:
- Imyaka: Ubwoko bwinshi bwa glaucoma bwibasira abantu barengeje imyaka 40 (glaucoma y’amavuko ni ikintu gitandukanye cyane n’ibi). Impuguke zivuga ko abantu barengeje imyaka 75 barwaye glaucoma. Ibi bivuze ko uko ugenda usaza, ari na ko bigenda biba ngombwa cyane kuba maso ku buzima bw’amaso yawe.
- Umurage/Amoko: Abantu bafite inkomoko muri Afurika, cyane cyane abo mu bwoko bwa Afurika-Karayibe, bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara glaucoma y’ibanze. Byongeye kandi, abo mu bwoko bwa Aziya n’Abayinuit bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara glaucoma y’imfuruka.
- Igitsina: Abagore bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara glaucoma ifunga amaso. Impuguke zizera ko ibi biterwa ahanini n'itandukaniro ry'igitsina mu miterere y'amaso.
- Amakosa yo kureba kure: Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kutabona hafi, uba uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara glaucoma ifunguye. Ku rundi ruhande, niba ufite ikibazo cyo kureba kure, uba uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara glaucoma ifunga impande.
- Amateka y'umuryango: Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe—cyane cyane umubyeyi, umwana, cyangwa umuvandimwe—warwaye glaucoma, ibyago byawe biriyongera. Kimwe n'indwara nka diyabete cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, ibi bishobora kuba bifite uruhare mu miterere y'umubiri. Hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa glaucoma ya kabiri nabwo bukomoka ku murage.
- Indwara zidakira: Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abantu bafite indwara zidakira nka umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso na diyabete bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara glaucoma. Gufata neza izi ndwara ni ingenzi cyane mu kurinda amaso yawe.
Ni izihe ngorane ziterwa na glaucoma?
Tekereza uko byagenda mu gihe umuvuduko uri mu jisho ryawe utagenzurwa. Iyo utavuwe, glaucoma yangiza retina yawe n'imitsi y'amaso, amaherezo bigatuma utakaza imikorere.Niyo mpamvu ikibazo cy’ingenzi cya glaucoma ari ukubura amaso, amaherezo bikaba bishobora gutuma umuntu atabona neza.
Ibisubizo bya nyuma, bikunze kwitwa glaucoma idasanzwe n'inzobere, bitera ubuhumyi busesuye mu jisho ryafashwe. Ijisho rishobora kandi kugorana kurikoraho, rimwe na rimwe rigaherekezwa n'ububabare bukomeye.
Indwara ya glaucoma ipimwa ite?
Umuganga w’amaso ashobora kumenya glaucoma binyuze mu isuzuma ry’amaso rirambuye. Mu by’ukuri, ibi bizamini akenshi bishobora kugaragaza glaucoma mbere yuko ubona ibimenyetso na mbere yuko habaho kwangirika gukomeye. Mu bizamini byinshi, muganga wawe azakoresha ibitonyanga kugira ngo yongere (mydriasis) amaso yawe, bigatuma abona neza imbere mu jisho ryawe.
Ibizamini bisanzwe byo gusuzuma indwara birimo:
- Gupima ubushobozi bwo kureba: Kureba uko ubona neza mu ntera zitandukanye.
- Gupima imiterere y'amaso: Gusuzuma imiterere y'amaso yawe n'uburyo amaso yawe ahagaze.
- Gupima ubwiyongere bw'amarangamutima.
- Tonometry: Gupima umuvuduko w'ijisho ryawe. Ibi bikoresha umwuka cyangwa igikoresho cyabugenewe gikorana n'ijisho buhoro.
- Pachymetry: Gupima ubunini bwa cornea yawe, igice cy'imbere cy'ijisho ryawe gisobanutse neza.
- Isuzuma ry'amatara: Gukoresha mikorosikopi yihariye kugira ngo usuzume imiterere y'ijisho ryawe mu buryo burambuye.
- Gonioscopy: Gukoresha lens yihariye kugira ngo urebe inguni y'amazi y'ijisho ryawe.
Niba muganga wawe akeka ko retina yawe cyangwa imitsi y'amaso byangiritse, ashobora kukugira inama yo gufata amashusho y'amaso agezweho, nka:
- Isuzuma ry’imiterere y’ijisho (OCT): Risuzuma ibice byoroshye by’ijisho, cyane cyane ubunini bw’imitsi y’ijisho.
- Angiografiya ya Fluorescein: Ikizamini cyo gusuzuma imitsi y'amaraso mu maso yawe.
- Ishusho ya Ultrasound.
- Mu bihe bidasanzwe: Gupima CT cyangwa MRI.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura glaucoma?
Mu kuvura glaucoma, intego y'ibanze ni ukugabanya umuvuduko w'amaso yawe kugira ngo wirinde ko indwara ikomeza. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura:
- Imiti: Iyi miti ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kugabanya umuvuduko w'amaso. Niba ufite umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso mu maso, iyi miti ifasha mu gukumira indwara ya glaucoma cyangwa guhagarika kwangirika kurushaho. Akenshi itangwa binyuze mu bitonyanga by'amaso cyangwa imiti yo kunywa. Ni ngombwa ko ukoresha iyi miti nk'uko muganga wawe yabigutegetse.
- Kubaga Glaucoma: Ubu buryo bugamije koroshya amazi asohoka kugira ngo agabanye umuvuduko w'amaso. Harimo guterwa trabeculectomy (gukora inzira nshya yo gusohora amazi), tube shunts (gushyiramo umuyoboro muto wo gusohora amazi), laser therapy (gukoresha lasers kugira ngo haveho kuziba), no kubaga glaucoma mu buryo buciriritse (MIGS).
Gahunda yo kuvura izakorwa hakurikijwe ubwoko bwa glaucoma ufite n'ingano y'ibyangiritse. Umuganga w'amaso ni umufatanyabikorwa wawe mwiza mu guhitamo ingamba nziza zijyanye n'ibyo ukeneye.
Ni iki cyizere cy'uko umuntu azabana n'indwara ya glaucoma?
Indwara ya glaucoma itavuwe itera kutabona neza no guhuma burundu. Ariko, iyo uvuwe neza, akenshi ushobora kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika ikwirakwira ry'indwara. Kubera ko ikibazo cy'umurwayi wese ari umwihariko, ugomba kuganira n'umuganga w'amaso muri Nirogi Lanka ku birebana n'uko indwara yawe ihagaze ndetse n'uburyo bwo kuyivura.
Ese glaucoma ishobora kwirindwa?
Ikibabaje ni uko glaucoma idashobora kwirindwa buri gihe. Ariko, kuyimenya hakiri kare no kuyivura bishobora gufasha mu kugenzura umuvuduko w'amaso no gukumira cyangwa gutinza cyane kutabona neza. Intambwe z'ingenzi ushobora gufata zirimo:
- Gusuzuma amaso buri gihe: Ibi bishobora kugaragaza umuvuduko w'amaso uri hejuru mbere yuko ibimenyetso bigaragara.Iyo umaze kurenga imyaka 40, cyane cyane niba mu muryango wawe hari amateka ya glaucoma, ni byiza cyane ko ujya gupimwa amaso buri mwaka.
- Kurwanya umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso mu maso: Niba umuvuduko w'amaso yawe uri hejuru y'ibisanzwe, kurikiza inama za muganga wawe cyane kugira ngo urinde amaso yawe.
- Kugenzura ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago: Gufata indwara zidakira nka hypertension na diyabete ni ingenzi. Byongeye kandi, buri gihe koresha indorerwamo zo mu maso kugira ngo wirinde imvune mu maso.
Niba ugize ububabare butunguranye kandi bukomeye bw'amaso cyangwa ukumva utabona neza, nyamuneka jya mu biro by'ubutabazi biri hafi yawe vuba.
Niba mfite glaucoma, nakwifasha nte?
Niba warafashwe na glaucoma, ikintu cyiza ushobora gukora ni ugukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga w'amaso yawe yerekeye uburyo bwo kuvura no gucunga indwara. Bashobora kukugira inama yo guhindura imibereho yawe cyangwa ingeso zawe. Izi nama zishobora kuba zirimo:
- Ntuzigere wirengagiza ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa impinduka mu byo ubona.
- Kugumana ibiro byiza by'umubiri.
- Gukomeza gukora siporo (icyakora, buri gihe baza muganga wawe imyitozo ngororamubiri ugomba kwirinda , kuko ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe nko gukora yoga mu buryo buhindagurika bishobora kongera umuvuduko w'imbere mu maso).
- Kwitabira gahunda zose zo gukurikirana nk'uko byasabwe n'inzobere yawe.
Byongeye kandi, niba ubonye ibimenyetso bishya, ukumva ko uburyo uvura buri kugenda butagenda neza, cyangwa ukagira ingaruka mbi zibangamira ubuzima bwawe bwa buri munsi, nyamuneka hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya.
Ni ryari nkwiye kujya kwa muganga?
Amwe mu moko ya glaucoma, nka glaucoma ifunga uruziga, akura vuba cyane. Kugira ngo wirinde gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba burundu, ni ngombwa ko abaganga bahita bagufasha . Shaka ubufasha bwihutirwa vuba niba ugize ikibazo gitunguranye cyangwa ibimenyetso bikurikira bikarushaho kwiyongera:
- Ububabare bukomeye bw'amaso cyangwa umuvuduko
- Kuribwa umutwe cyane
- Kureba kabiri (diplopia) cyangwa kutabona neza
- Isesemi no kuruka biherekejwe n'ububabare/umuvuduko w'amaso
- Kubona impeta z'amabara (halos) zikikije amatara
- Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose
- Kubona urumuri rumuritse
- Kugaragara mu buryo butunguranye cyangwa kwiyongera gukomeye kw'ibirere (myodesopsias)
Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza umuganga w'amaso?
Ni byiza kubaza umuganga w'amaso ibibazo bikurikira:
- Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa glaucoma mfite?
- Ni iyihe mpamvu nyamukuru itera glaucoma yanjye?
- Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvurwa, kandi ni ubuhe wangira inama?
- Ni izihe ngaruka mbi cyangwa ingorane zishobora guterwa n'ubuvuzi (imiti)?
- Ni ibihe bimenyetso cyangwa impinduka byihariye byagombye gutuma nhamagara ibiro byawe cyangwa nshakisha ubuvuzi bwihuse?
Ntutindiganye kubaza ibi bibazo. Uko urushaho gusobanukirwa indwara yawe, niko urushaho gushyigikira gahunda yawe yo kuvura no kurinda amaso yawe y'agaciro.
Kuri benshi muri twe, kureba kwacu ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi cyane mu byo tubona. Ni ibisanzwe kumva uhangayitse cyangwa uhangayikishijwe n'uko ushobora kubura amaso bitewe n'indwara nka glaucoma. Inkuru nziza ni uko glaucoma ivurwa neza iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare. Uko ubonye indwara vuba ugatangira kuyivura, ni ko amahirwe yawe yo kwirinda ko yakomeza kwiyongera. Nubwo indwara idashobora gusubizwa inyuma buri gihe, kuvurwa akenshi bishobora gutinza igihe kinini cyo kutabona, cyangwa se imyaka myinshi.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
Mu gusoza ibyo twaganiriyeho kuri glaucoma, zirikana izi ngingo z'ingenzi:
- Glaucoma ishobora kuba umujura "utagira icyo avuga": Ishobora kugaragara nta bimenyetso mu ntangiriro. Gusuzuma amaso buri gihe ni ingenzi cyane, cyane cyane iyo ufite ibintu bishobora gutuma umuntu arwara.
- Kumenya kare ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda: Iyo bigaragaye hakiri kare, kuvurwa bishobora kugenzura cyane uko kwangirika k'amaso bigenda bikura.
- Komeza umenye ibintu bishobora gutera indwara: Niba ufite amateka yo mu muryango wawe, ufite imyaka irenga 40, cyangwa ufite indwara nka diyabete cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, ugomba kuba maso cyane.
- Gukurikiza inama za muganga cyane ni ngombwa: Niba urwaye glaucoma, ni ngombwa gukurikiza neza imiti ya muganga wawe n'uburyo bwo kwita ku ndwara.
- Ntukirengagize ibimenyetso byihutirwa: Niba ugize ububabare bw'amaso butunguranye, utabona neza, cyangwa ukagira isura ikikije amatara, shaka ubufasha bwihuse bw'abaganga mu ishami ryita ku bibazo byihutirwa cyangwa inzobere yawe.
Wibuke ko amaso yawe ari ay'agaciro. Kuyarinda ni inshingano ufite. Komeza kugira imbaraga, umenye amakuru, kandi ugire icyo ukora—ushobora kubaho ubuzima bwuzuye mu gihe uvura neza glaucoma ubitewe n'inkunga ya Nirogi Lanka.
Amagambo ahinnye: Glaucoma, umuvuduko w'amaso, indwara z'amaso, kutabona neza, ubuhumyi, imitsi y'amaso, isuzuma ry'amaso
