Tekereza kuri nyoko, papa wawe, cyangwa undi muntu wa hafi cyane. Ese umuntu wahoze akora cyane kandi ashishikajwe na buri kintu cyose ahita acika intege kandi ntashishikazwe no gukora ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose? Ese isura ye ntiyongera kugaragaza amarangamutima nk'ayo ya mbere, nko guseka, ibyishimo, cyangwa agahinda? Akenshi tubirengagiza nk' "uburangare." Ariko, bishobora no kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara yitwa uburangare.
Mu by'ukuri, kutita ku bintu ni iki?
Mu magambo make, abaganga bavuga ko "kutita ku bintu" ari ukubura ubushake n'ubushake bwo gukora ikintu runaka, hatitawe ku myitwarire y'umuntu wahoze afite mbere. Bikubiyemo kandi ibintu nko kudashaka gutangira ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose wenyine, kutagira icyo ushishikajwe nacyo, no kutagira amarangamutima.
Igikuru ni uko ibi atari ubunebwe cyangwa ikintu cyagambiriwe. Uburangare ni ikintu umuntu adashobora kugenzura, kandi akenshi kigaragara nk'ikimenyetso cy'indwara ifitanye isano n'imitsi.
Mu biganiro bisanzwe, dukoresha ijambo "apaign" tuvuga umuntu udasobanukiwe imibabaro cyangwa ibyiyumvo by'abandi. Ariko mu buvuzi, ni ikintu cyagutse cyane. Ni ukubura inyungu n'ibyiyumvo byose, atari ku bandi gusa, ahubwo no kuri wowe ubwawe no ku bintu umuntu yakundaga. Impuguke zimwe na zimwe zifata ko ari uruhurirane rw'ibimenyetso, cyangwa "syndrome".
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'uburangare?
Niba ukeka ko umuntu wa hafi yawe ashobora kuba afite ikibazo cyo kutita ku bintu runaka, komeza witondere ibi bimenyetso. Ushobora kubona kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibyo hamwe.
| Ikimenyetso | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Kureka akazi, ibyo umuntu akunda gukora, no gusabana n'abandi | Ugenda ureka ibintu wakundaga gukora, nko mu kazi, mu rugo no kuganira n'inshuti. Ariko, iyo umuntu aguhatiye kwifatanya na we, haba mu kuganira cyangwa mu kuganira, ushobora kugaragara wishimye muri ako kanya. |
| Kutagira inshingano ku byo umuntu atandukaniyeho | Nta gahinda yumva afite, nta nshingano afite, cyangwa ngo ahangayikishwe no kudakora ibintu yakundaga. Umuryango we n'abakunzi be nibo babona kandi bakababara cyane iyi mpinduka. |
| Kwishingikiriza ku bandi mu mirimo ya buri munsi | Ibi si ukubera ko udafite ubushobozi bwo gukora akazi ku mubiri cyangwa mu mutwe, ahubwo ni ukubera ko udafite imbaraga zo gukora no mu mirimo yoroshye nko koza amenyo cyangwa kwishyura fagitire. |
| Guhubuka mu byiyumvo | Ubushobozi bwo kugaragaza amarangamutima meza n'amabi, nk'ibyishimo, agahinda n'uburakari, binyuze mu isura no mu magambo, buragabanuka cyane. Ni nk'aho amarangamutima yagabanutse ku buryo atacyumva na gato. |
Ese kutita ku bintu kimwe no kwiheba?
Iki ni ikintu abantu benshi bahuriramo mu rujijo. Nubwo kutita ku bintu bishobora gusa n'ihungabana, hari itandukaniro rigaragara hagati yabyo byombi.
- Ihungabana rirangwa ahanini n'agahinda gahoraho, imihangayiko, no kwiheba mu buzima.
- Mu buryo butari bwo, nta gahinda cyangwa imihangayiko nk'iyo bibaho. Hariho kumva gusa udafite icyo umaze, udafite amarangamutima cyangwa inyungu.
Ariko kandi ugomba kwibuka ibi, umuntu ashobora kugira ibi bibazo byombi icyarimwe.
Ni izihe mpamvu nyamukuru zitera kutita ku bandi?
Abashakashatsi basanze kutita ku bintu biterwa no kwangirika kw'ibice bimwe na bimwe by'ubwonko bwacu. By'umwihariko, ibice by'ubwonko bigenzura kunyurwa no gushishikarira gukora ikintu runaka birangirika. Ibi bice ni ibi bikurikira:
- Agace k'imbere (agace k'imbere)
- Igice gifasha mu gutekereza no kugenzura ingendo (`Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex`)
- Igice cy'ingenzi ku myitwarire mu mibanire (`Ventral striatum`)
Izi ngaruka zikunze guterwa n'indwara zimwe na zimwe.
Indwara zo kwangirika kw'imitsi
Uburangare akenshi ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cy'indwara zigenda zica intege ubwonko buhoro buhoro uko igihe kigenda gihita.
- Indwara ya Alzheimer (AD): Hafi 49% by'abarwayi ba Alzheimer bafite uburangare.
- Indwara ya Parkinson (PD): Iyi ndwara ishobora kugaragara ku bantu bagera kuri 25% bafite indwara ya Parkinson mu ntangiriro, ndetse no ku bantu bagera kuri 60% uko indwara ikomeza.
- Indwara ya Pick:Ubu nabwo ni ubwoko bwa dementia. Uburangare bugira ingaruka ku kigero kinini cyane cy'aba barwayi, kuva kuri 54% kugeza kuri 96%.
Izindi ndwara n'ibibazo byo mu bwonko
- Igisebe cy'imitsi
- Ihungabana ry'ubwonko
- Ibibyimba mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'ubwonko
- Indwara ya Huntington
- Uburangare bushobora kandi guterwa n'izindi ndwara nyinshi, nko kwiheba kw'imitsi.
Impamvu ziterwa n'imitekerereze
Hari igihe, iyo umuntu ahuye n'ibintu bikomeye bibabaza (urugero: ibiza by’umwimerere, intambara), kutita ku bintu bishobora kubaho nk'uburyo bwo kurinda ubwonko. Ibi bishobora kuba bimwe mu bigize indwara yo guhangayika nyuma y’ihungabana (PTSD). Bishobora kandi kugaragara ku ndwara nk'ihungabana rikomeye.
Ese hari uburyo bwo kuvura uburangare?
Nta buryo bwihariye bwo kuvura uburangare. Ibi biterwa nuko bushobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indi ndwara (urugero: Alzheimer), kandi akenshi ubuvuzi bugamije indwara ishingiyeho.
Ariko, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko imiti imwe n'imwe ishobora kugenzura iki kibazo ku rugero runaka.
- Imiti ibuza kolinesterase: Imiti nka `donepezil` na `galantamine` ishobora gufasha kugabanya uburangare ku barwayi ba Alzheimer.
- Ibitera imbaraga (Psychostimulants): Ibitera imbaraga nka methylphenidate (ikintu kiboneka muri Ritalin) byagaragaye ko bigira ingaruka nziza ku kutagira icyo umuntu atekereza ku bantu bafite indwara nka Alzheimer na Parkinson.
- Imiti igabanya kwiheba: Imiti ivura kwiheba ishobora gufasha bamwe, cyane cyane iyo bafite n'ihungabana. Ariko, hari ubwoko bumwe bw'imiti igabanya kwiheba ishobora gutuma kutita ku bintu birushaho kwiyongera.
Iyo ari yo yose muri iyi miti igomba gukoreshwa gusa kandi igatangwa na muganga wujuje ibisabwa. Muganga wawe azasuzuma neza uko urwaye kandi amenye uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.
Byongeye kandi, hari ubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa ku buvuzi bugezweho nka `transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)`.
Twafasha dute nk'umuryango?
Uretse gufata umuntu mu buryo butari bwo, inkunga no kumvisha abagize umuryango na byo ni ingenzi cyane.
- Sobanukirwa uko ibintu bimeze: Ubwa mbere, sobanukirwa ko iyi atari ikosa rye, kandi ko atari ubunebwe, ahubwo ari ikimenyetso adashobora kugenzura.
- Fata iya mbere: Kubera ko adashishikajwe no gutangira akazi ku giti cye, ugomba gufata iya mbere ukaganira na we mu rukundo kandi ukamushishikariza gukora ibintu akunda (urugero: gutembera mu busitani, kureba alubumu ishaje y'amafoto, kumva indirimbo).
- Komeza gahunda ihoraho: Komeza umunsi w'umwana wawe uhore uhoraho uko bishoboka kose. Ibi bizamuha ituze n'umutekano.
- Tekereza nawe: Kwita ku muntu utagira icyo yitaho bishobora kunaniza mu mutwe. Wite ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe. Niba bibaye ngombwa, jya mu itsinda rishinzwe ubufasha cyangwa ushake inama z'inzobere mu by'imitekerereze.
Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?
Niba ubonye impinduka mu myitwarire y'uwo ukunda, nk'izivuzwe haruguru (urugero: kutagaragaza amarangamutima, kubura ubushake), ni ngombwa cyane kumushishikariza kujya kwa muganga vuba bishoboka. Kutagira icyo umuntu atekereza bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere cy'indwara ikomeye yo mu bwonko.
Umuntu ufite ubumuga bwo kutita ku bandi ashobora kwanga kujya kwa muganga kuko nta kibazo abona mu myitwarire ye. Muri icyo gihe, ganira na we mu buryo bwuje urukundo kandi bwumvikana, kandi umubwire ko uzajyana kwa muganga nibiba ngombwa. Ibyo bizaba ari inkunga ikomeye.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Ubunebwe si ubunebwe cyangwa ikintu cyakozwe nkana. Ni ikimenyetso cy'uburwayi kidashobora gukemurwa.
- Ibi bikunze kujyana n'indwara z'imitsi nka Alzheimer, Parkinson, na stroke.
- Kutagira icyo umuntu atekereza no kwiheba ni ibintu bibiri bitandukanye, ariko rimwe na rimwe byombi bishobora kubaho kimwe.
- Niba uwo ukunda afite ibi bimenyetso, jya kwa muganga kugira ngo agusuzume kandi aguhe umuti.
- Ubwumvikane, urukundo, n'inkunga by'abagize umuryango ni ingenzi cyane ku muntu uhanganye n'iki kibazo.
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