Ese ikizamini cy'amaraso yawe kigaragaza "uturemangingo tw'ibisasu"? Reka tubiganireho!

Hari igihe ushobora kubona ikintu cyitwa "Blast Cells" muri raporo y'amaraso yawe. Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba gato iyo ubibonye. Ndetse no kumva ijambo "blast" bishobora gutera ubwoba gato. Ariko mbere yuko ugira ubwoba, reka tuganire muri make ku byerekeye izi blesselles, impamvu ari ingenzi ku mibiri yacu, kandi se bigenda bite iyo ziyongera?

Uturemangingo two mu bwoko bwa blast ni iki? Ese ibyo ni byo byonyine ukeneye kumenya?

Yego, ni ngombwa kubimenya. Muri make, uturemangingo twa blast ni ubwoko bw'uturemangingo duto tudakuze neza, cyangwa tutarakura neza. Utu ni uturemangingo dutera ubwoko butandukanye bw'uturemangingo mu mubiri wacu. Ariko iyo ubonye raporo ya laboratwari ivuga ngo "blasts," akenshi bivuze uturemangingo tw'amaraso tudakuze. Kubera ko abaganga b'indwara z'amaraso n'abaganga b'indwara za kanseri bakoresha ibintu nk'umubare w'uturemangingo twa blasts mu maraso yawe kugira ngo bapime indwara zimwe na zimwe zifitanye isano n'amaraso, nka kanseri y'amaraso ikabije.

Niba ufite uturemangingo tw’uturemangingo tw’amaraso dufite ishusho idasanzwe cyangwa umubare watwo mwinshi mu maraso yawe, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya kanseri y’amaraso. Niyo mpamvu ugomba guhangayikishwa n’ibi.

None se, itandukaniro riri hagati y’uturemangingo tw’amaraso n’uturemangingo tw’ibisasu ni irihe?

Ibi bishobora gusa nkaho bigoye gato, ariko mu by'ukuri biroroshye cyane. Tekereza kuri ibi, ibi byombi ni intambwe z'ingenzi mu iterambere ry'uturemangingo twacu.

Uturemangingo tw’amaraso tumeze nk’uturemangingo nyababyeyi tubyara ubundi bwoko bwose bw’uturemangingo.

Uturemangingo tw’ibisasu dukura duturutse kuri utwo turemangingo. Nanone twitwa "progenitor" cyangwa "precursor". Ni ukuvuga ko ari intambwe "ibanziriza" mbere yuko uturemangingo dukura neza. Bitandukanye n'uturemangingo tw’ibisasu, uturemangingo tw’ibisasu duhinduka ubwoko bwihariye bw'uturemangingo. Ni nko kujya muri kaminuza ukabanza kwiga amasomo rusange, hanyuma ukibanda ku ishami runaka.

Ni izihe nyungu z'uturemangingo tw'umubiri dukoresha mu gusohora amaraso ku mubiri wacu?

Uturemangingo tw’amaraso duhinduka uturemangingo ni icyiciro cya mbere cy’irema ry’uturemangingo tw’amaraso. Umubiri wawe uhora ukora uturemangingo dushya tw’amaraso (hamwe n’uturemangingo tw’amaraso) kugira ngo dusimbure uturemangingo dushaje. Iyi nzira yo gukora amaraso yitwa hematopoiesis . Ibi bibaho kenshi mu igufwa ryawe.

Mu igufwa ryawe, hari uturemangingo dusanzwe twitwa "seli y'amaraso" (HSC). Ibi bibyara ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo tw'amagufwa:

• Myeloblast: Ubu bwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'ibisasu bukomoka kuriUturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso, uturemangingo tw’umweru tw’amaraso (urugero, utunyangingo, utunyangingo, utunyangingo tw’amaraso, utunyangingo tw’amaraso, utunyangingo tw’amaraso, utunyangingo tw’amaraso, utunyangingo tw’amaraso, utunyangingo tw’amaraso, n’utunyangingo tw’amaraso), hamwe n’utunyangingo tw’amaraso.
• Lymphoblast: Ubu bwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso butuma habaho lymphocytes, ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera.

Uturemangingo tw’amaraso twakuze neza kandi dukura mu maraso tuva mu musokoro w’amagufwa tunyura mu maraso yawe. Ariko, uturemangingo tw’amaraso tukiri gukura tuba mu musokoro w’amagufwa yawe, ntabwo tuba mu maraso yawe. Niyo mpamvu raporo ya laboratwari igaragaza uturemangingo tw’amaraso mu maraso yawe ishobora kuba ikibazo.

Kuki izi selile zitera ibisasu ziyongera? Hari ikibazo?

Iyo raporo ya laboratwari igaragaje ko ufite umubare munini w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu musokoro w'amagufwa cyangwa mu maraso, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya kanseri y'amaraso, nka kanseri y'amaraso. Cyane cyane iyo uturemangingo tugaragara nk'utudasanzwe iyo turebewe kuri mikorosikopi. Ubusanzwe, 5% gusa by'uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu musokoro w'amagufwa yawe ni two tugomba kuba uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Si byiza kugira uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu maraso yawe na gato.

Hari impamvu nyinshi z'ingenzi zituma uturemangingo tw’ibiturika twiyongera:

• Leukemia y'imitsi ikabije (AML)
• Indwara ya Myelodysplastic (MDS)
• Leukemia y'imitsi idakira (CML)
• Leukemia y'amagufwa akabije (ALL)
• Zimwe mu ndwara zitari kanseri n'uburyo bwo kuvura

Reka turebe buri kimwe muri ibi mu buryo burambuye.

Reka twige ku ndwara ya Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Akenshi, iyo abaganga bavuze ku turemangingo tw’amaraso dutangiye gukwirakwira mu maraso, baba bavuga kanseri y’amaraso ikabije (AML) . AML ni ubwoko bwa kanseri itera cyane kandi ikwirakwira vuba cyane. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane gusuzuma indwara no gutangira kuyivura vuba bishoboka. Gupima utu turemangingo tw’amaraso dutangiye gukwirakwira mu maraso ni uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kumenya indwara hakiri kare.

Muri AML, uturemangingo tudasanzwe twirundanya mu musokoro w'amagufwa yawe tugasohoka tujya mu maraso yawe. Inyinshi muri zo ni ubwoko bw'uturemangingo twitwa myeloblasts. Utwo turemangingo tuba twiteguye guhinduka uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera (granulocytes) mbere yuko tuba uturemangingo twa kanseri.

Kubera ko izi selile ziturika ziba zitarakura kandi zidasanzwe, nta murimo w'ingirakamaro zigira ku mubiri. Ahubwo, zifata umwanya munini mu musokoro w'amagufwa ku buryo zihagarika umubiri wawe gukora selile nshya z'amaraso zikeneye. Iyo selile z'amaraso zikuze kandi zidakora neza, umubiri wawe ntushobora gukora neza.

Niba ufite uturemangingo 20% cyangwa turenze mu musokoro wawe w'amagufwa cyangwa mu maraso, ni ikimenyetso cya AML.

Indwara ya Myelodysplastic (MDS) ni iki?

Indwara ya Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) nayo ni ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso. Ikigaragara hano ni uko uturemangingo tw’amaraso tudakura tukaba uturemangingo tw’amaraso dusanzwe. Akenshi, utwo turemangingo tw’amaraso dupfa tutarakura neza. Nubwo hari uturemangingo twinshi tw’amaraso, iyo hari uturemangingo duke cyane dushobora gukora akazi katwo, ibibazo nko kubura amaraso bishobora kubaho. Nanone, ushobora kwandura indwara kenshi (kubera uturemangingo tw’amaraso tw’umweru duke) no kuva amaraso cyangwa gukomereka byoroshye (kubera ko uturemangingo tw’amaraso tuba duke).

Niba ufite hagati ya 5% na 20% by'uturemangingo tw'umubiri mu musokoro wawe, ni ikimenyetso cy'indwara yitwa `MDS`. Abantu bagera kuri 30% bafite `MDS` bazahita barwara `AML`.

Reka turebe kandi indwara ya kanseri y’imitsi idakira (CML).

Leukemia idakira ya myeloid (CML) ni kanseri y'amaraso imara igihe kirekire (idakira). Itera kandi kwiyongera k'umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu musokoro w'amagufwa cyangwa mu maraso. Abaganga bashyira uburemere bw'iyi ndwara hakurikijwe urugero rw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twakoreshejwe:

• CML yo mu cyiciro cya Chronic Phase: Munsi ya 10% by'uturemangingo two mu maraso yawe cyangwa mu musokoro w'amagufwa ni uturemangingo twa blast.
• CML yihuta: Hagati ya 10% na 19% by'uturemangingo mu maraso yawe ni uturemangingo twinshi.
• Indwara yo mu maraso (CML) mu cyiciro cya blast (Blost crisis): Ingirabuzimafatizo zirenga 20% mu maraso yawe ni ingirabuzimafatizo zo mu maraso. Ibi bisa na AML.

Leukemia y'ubukana bwa Lymphoblastic (ALL) ni iki?

Leukemia y’amagufwa (ALL) ni yo kanseri ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bana. Muri ALL, umwongo w’amagufwa ukora uturemangingo tudasanzwe (twa kanseri) twitwa lymphoblasts. Utwo turemangingo tudasanzwe twigabanya vuba kandi tugakora kopi nyinshi. Ibi bituma umwongo w’amagufwa ugorana gukora uturemangingo dusanzwe umubiri wawe ukeneye.

Muri BYOSE, nibura 20% by'uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu musokoro wawe w'amagufwa ni uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Abantu benshi basanzwe barwaye iyi ndwara (hafi 90%) nabo bafite uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu maraso yabo.

Ese uturemangingo two mu bwoko bwa blast dushobora kwiyongera bitewe n'izindi mpamvu zitari kanseri?

Yego, ibi ni ingenzi cyane. Ntugatekereze ko kanseri iterwa na raporo ya laboratwari igaragaza uturemangingo twinshi two mu bwoko bwa blast. Zimwe mu ndwara zitari kanseri n'impamvu zishobora gutuma uturemangingo two mu bwoko bwa blast twiyongera by'agateganyo. Ingero zirimo:

• Indwara zikomeye: Iyo umubiri wawe urwaye indwara ikomeye, nk'indwara ikomeye (sepsis), uturemangingo tw’amaraso dushobora kwinjira mu maraso.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF): Uturemangingo tw’amaraso dushobora kugaragara mu maraso nyuma yo guterwa ubwoko bw’urushinge rwitwa G-CSF. Utwo dushinge dutuma umwongo w’amagufwa ukora uturemangingo tw’amaraso twinshi kugira ngo tukurinde indwara zandura. Utwo dushinge dushobora kuba dukenewe niba urimo guhabwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw’uturemangingo tw’amaraso cyangwa niba ufite umubare muto w’uturemangingo tw’amaraso tw’umweru (neutropenia).
• Gutera uturemangingo tw’inyuma: Niba warateye uturemangingo tw’inyuma nk’umuti w’indwara, ushobora no kugira ubwiyongere bw’uturemangingo tw’inyuma. Gutera uturemangingo tw’inyuma bishobora kuba ngombwa ku ndwara nk’indwara z’amaraso, kanseri, cyangwa indwara z’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri aho umubiri wawe udashobora gukora uturemangingo tw’amaraso dusanzwe.

Ariko icy'ingenzi ni uko, bitandukanye n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dufitanye isano na kanseri, uturemangingo tw'amaraso dukunze kugaragara muri ibi bihe akenshi tuba tumeze neza hifashishijwe mikorosikopi. Dushobora no gukura tukaba uturemangingo tw'amaraso dusanzwe. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, uyu mubare uragabanuka.

Ni gute wagenzura neza urwego rw'uturemangingo tw'ibisasu? Ibyo bizamini ni ibihe?

Hari ibizamini byinshi bigaragaza urugero rw'uturemangingo tw'ibisasu:

• Gupima amaraso mu maraso (PBS): Iki kizamini kigaragaza ko hari uturemangingo twinshi mu maraso yawe. Muri PBS, inzobere mu ndwara zireba icyitegererezo cy'amaraso yawe ikoresheje mikorosikopi kugira ngo irebe niba hari uturemangingo twinshi twinshi cyangwa niba gisa n'aho kidasanzwe.
• Ibizamini by'umusemburo w'amagufwa: Ibizamini bya laboratwari bikorerwa nyuma yo gupimwa cyangwa gupimwa umusemburo w'amagufwa bishobora kugaragaza uturemangingo tw'amagufwa mu musemburo w'amagufwa. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo ibizamini nka flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, cyangwa fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) kugira ngo harebwe impinduka mu miterere y'uturemangingo .
• Ushobora kandi gukenera kubara amaraso yose (CBC) hamwe n'itandukaniro kugira ngo urebe umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura n'utw'umweru hamwe n'uturemangingo twa platelet, kuko umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tuzima ushobora kugabanuka uko umubare w'uturemangingo twa blast wiyongera.

Abaganga basuzuma ibisubizo bitandukanye by'ibipimo n'ibintu mbere yo gusuzuma indwara nka leukemia. Ntibafata ibyemezo bikomeye bashingiye ku kizamini kimwe gusa.

Hanyuma, hari ibintu bike byo kwibuka

Igikuru ni ukudatinya iyo ubonye ijambo "ibisasu" muri raporo yawe ya laboratwari.Nibyo koko kugira uturemangingo tw’amaraso mu maraso bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’indwara ikomeye. Ariko biterwa n’ubuzima bwawe. Hari igihe kwiyongera k’uturemangingo tw’amaraso biba iby’igihe gito. Umubare ugenda ugabanuka uko igihe kigenda gihita. Hari n’igihe bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’ikintu gikomeye kurushaho, nka kanseri y’amaraso ikabije. Muganga wawe ni we wenyine ushobora gusobanura neza icyo ibisubizo byawe bivuze ku buzima bwawe. Rero, niba ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose, ntutindiganye kubaza muganga wawe.

Uturemangingo tw’amaraso, kanseri y’amaraso, umworera w’amagufwa, ibizamini by’amaraso, uturemangingo, ubuzima