Ese umwana wawe afite ikibazo cyo kugenda? Reka tuvuge ku ndwara yo mu bwonko itera indwara yo mu bwonko!

Ushobora kuba ufite amatsiko, wenda ndetse ukagira ubwoba, ku bijyanye n'imikurire y'umwana wawe n'imikorere ye, si byo se? Hari abana bashobora kugira ibibazo byo kugenzura imitsi, imiterere ye, cyangwa kugenda. Iyo ni yo ndwara tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi, indwara yo mu bwonko. Ntugatinye iyo ubyumvise. Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora kumva.

Indwara yo mu bwonko yitwa "cerebral palsy" ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara yo mu bwonko (cerebral palsy - CP) ni indwara y’imitsi igira ingaruka ku bwonko . Igira ingaruka cyane cyane ku mikorere y’imitsi y’umwana, kuringaniza no kugenda kwe. Iterwa no kwangirika k’ubwonko biba mu nda, igihe yavukaga, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe mu ntangiriro z’ubuzima bwe. Iyi ndwara ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y’ubwonko.

Ibuka ko atari abana bose bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe (CP) bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe. Hari abana bakira neza nta kibazo bafite muri uru rwego. Ibimenyetso bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n'umwana umwe. Hari abana bashobora kugira ingaruka nke cyane, mu gihe abandi bashobora kugira izindi.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'indwara zo mu bwonko (CP)?

Abaganga bagabanya ubumuga bwo mu bwonko (CP) mu moko atatu y'ingenzi:

1. Ubwoko bwa Spastic: Ibi birangwa no gukomera kw'imitsi no kunyeganyega. Bisa n'aho umukandara ukomeye urimo gukururwa.

2. Ubwoko bwa Dyskinetic: Muri ubu bwoko, biragoye kugenzura imitsi. Hashobora kubaho ingendo zitandukanye zidakozwe ku bushake.

3. Ubwoko butandukanye: Muri ubu bwoko, ibimenyetso by'ubwoko bwa spastic na dyskinetic byavuzwe haruguru bishobora kugaragara hamwe.

Byongeye kandi, ishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ibice by'umubiri byafashwe. Ni ibi bikurikira:

• Diplegiki: Ibi bigira ingaruka ku maguru kurusha amaboko.
• Amagufwa ane: Amagufwa yose ane arakomereka.
• Hemiplegique: Uruhande rumwe rw'umubiri (iburyo cyangwa ibumoso) nirwo rugira ingaruka nyinshi.
• Monoplegike: Ukuboko kumwe cyangwa ukuguru kumwe gusa ni byo bifatwa.
• Umuntu ufite ubumuga: Amaguru abiri gusa ni yo afatwa n'ingaruka.

Indwara yo mu bwonko (CP) ikunze kugaragara gute?

Mu by’ukuri, indwara yo mu bwonko (CP) si indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane. Urugero, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, abana bari hagati ya 5.500 na 13.100 bavukana iyi ndwara buri mwaka. Ariko ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko umubare w’abantu bakuru barwaye iyi ndwara ugenda wiyongera buhoro buhoro.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara yo mu bwonko (CP)?

Indwara yo mu bwonko ishobora kugira ibimenyetso byinshi. Bimwe bifitanye isano no kugenda, ibindi bifitanye isano n'ibindi bice by'umubiri, uko bigaragara, n'imyitwarire.

Bimwe mu bintu bitajyanye n'ingendo:

• Itandukaniro ry'ingano y'umutwe:Umutwe ushobora kuba muto cyane (microcephaly) cyangwa munini (macrocephaly).
• Kudatuza no kurakara buri gihe: Abana bafite CP bashobora kurira kenshi kandi bakagira kamere yo kudatuza.
• Kutabonana n'abandi: Impinja n'abana bato bashobora kutareba cyangwa ngo basubize ababakikije.
• Hypotonia: Ibi bishobora gutuma ibice by'umubiri bisa nkaho bidafite ubuzima, "bimeze nk'ibihumye". Ibi bishobora kugaragara hakiri kare hanyuma bikagera ku gukomera kw'imitsi ('spasticity') cyangwa kunyaragurika ('dystonia').
• Gutinda mu mikurire: Abana bafite CP bashobora gutinda kugera ku ntambwe zimwe na zimwe z'imikurire. Ibintu nko gufata ijosi ryabo rigororotse, kunyeganyega, kwicara, gupfukama, no kugenda bishobora gutinda. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo ubuhanga bujyanye no kugenda, ndetse n'ubundi bushobozi.

Bimwe mu biranga bigenda:

• Gucika intege: Kumva amaguru n'amaboko bikomereye bigatuma bigorana kuyapfukama cyangwa kuyakoresha.
• Kutagira uburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa.
• Ingendo zidagenzuwe, nko kuzunguruka buhoro no kuzunguruka.
• Ni nko gutera ikintu, kubyina, no kugendagenda nta guhangayika.
• Dystonia ni imiterere itunguranye, ibabaza, kandi idahwitse iterwa no guhangayika cyangwa gucika intege kw'imitsi.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera indwara yo mu bwonko (CP)?

Indwara yo mu bwonko (cerebral palsy) iterwa no kwangirika kw'ibice by'ubwonko bigenzura ingendo . Iyi ndwara ntigarukira kuri icyo gice gusa, ahubwo ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku bindi bice byegereye. Ibi bishobora gutera ibindi bibazo. Nta mpamvu imwe gusa itera ubu bwoko bw'iyi ndwara, ariko hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kuyitera.

Hari inshuro nyinshi iyi ndwara ishobora kubaho: mu nda, mu gihe cyo kuvuka, na nyuma yo kuvuka. Akenshi, hafi 80% by'igihe, iyi ndwara ibaho umwana akiri mu nda. Hafi 10% by'igihe, ibaho nyuma yo kuvuka.

Impamvu zigira ingaruka ku mubyeyi uri mu nda no ku mwana avutse:

• Kubyara mbere y'igihe: Kubyara mbere y'itariki ntarengwa.
• Ubusembwa bw'impinja buvukanwa bubaho mu gihe cy'imikurire y'ubwonko bw'umwana uri mu nda.
• Indwara zo mu bwonko cyangwa uruti rw'umugongo.
• Ibisebe bigira ingaruka ku bwonko burimo gukura.
• Ibibazo by’uturemangingo bigira ingaruka ku mikurire y’umwana uri mu nda.
• Ubwonko bw'umwana uri mu nda ntibubona amaraso cyangwa ogisijeni ihagije.
• Kernicterus: Kwangirika k'ubwonko guterwa no kwirundanya cyane kwa bilirubin, ikorerwa mu mwijima.
• Gupfuka Meconium: Kumira umwanda wa mbere w'umwana (meconium).
• Isukari nke mu maraso ku mwana ukiri muto (hypoglycemia y'impinja).

Impamvu nyuma yo kuvuka:

CP ishobora no kugaragara nyuma y'uko umwana avutse. Nubwo akenshi iterwa n'impanuka, hari izindi mpamvu zishobora kubaho:

• Imvune zatewe n'impanuka.
• Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri.
• Kubura umwuka.
• Kwandura indwara zo mu bwonko, gucika imitsi, cyangwa kuva amaraso mu bwonko cyangwa hafi yabwo.
• Jaundice na kernicterus.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera indwara yo mu bwonko (CP)?

Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zigira uruhare mu kongera cyangwa zigatera ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo mu bwonko (CP). Zimwe muri zo zirimo:

• Kubyara igihe kitageze: Abana bavutse mbere y'ibyumweru 28 ni bo bafite ibyago byinshi.
• Ubushobozi buke bwo kuvuka: Ubushobozi bwo kuvuka bupima ibiro biri munsi ya 1.5 (ibiro 3.3).
• Gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa inzoga umubyeyi atwite.
• Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gutwita, urugero nko mu gihe cyo gutwita (preeclampsia).
• Abana benshi bavutse: Nk'impanga, abana batatu.
• Indwara zifata placenta cyangwa amazi ya amniotic.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa n'indwara yo mu bwonko (CP)?

Indwara yo mu bwonko (cerebral palsy) ikunze kubaho hamwe n'izindi ndwara zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubwonko. Kwangirika nk'uko bitera CP nabyo bitera izi ndwara.

Ingero zimwe na zimwe:

• Indwara zo mu mutwe n'igicuri.
• Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe.
• Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo kuvugana.
• Ibibazo byo kureba no kumva.
• Indwara ziterwa n'amagufwa n'imitsi.
• Ibibazo bijyanye n'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa.
• Indwara z'imyitwarire.

Ni gute indwara yo mu bwonko (cerebral palsy) ipimwa?

Umuganga ashobora gukoresha uburyo butandukanye kugira ngo amenye indwara y’ubwonko (CP). Ibimenyetso bya mbere bishobora kugora umuntu usanzwe kubimenya. Ariko, umuganga wabihuguwe ashobora kubimenya mu gihe cyo gusuzuma umwana buri gihe.

Muganga ashobora gukeka ko afite CP akiri mu mezi 12. Ariko, akenshi umwana agomba gusuzumwa kugeza igihe afite amezi 18 kugeza kuri 24. Muganga azasuzuma CP akoresheje isuzuma ry’umubiri n’iry’imitsi, akoresheje urutonde rw’ibintu byihariye, no gukora isuzuma nka MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). Niba umwana wawe afite ibindi bimenyetso, hari ibindi bizamini bishobora gukorwa. Muganga wawe azasobanura ibyo bizamini n’impamvu birimo gukorwa.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara yo mu bwonko (CP)?

Wibuke ko indwara yo mu bwonko (cerebral palsy (CP)) idashobora gukira burundu.Ariko, ibimenyetso n'ingaruka za CP birashobora kuvurwa. Ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi buterwa n'ibintu byinshi, harimo uburemere bw'indwara, ibimenyetso, n'uko ikugiraho ingaruka. CP ivurwa n'itsinda ry'inzobere zo mu nzego zitandukanye, ntabwo ari inzobere imwe gusa.

Uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kuba ubu bukurikira:

• Imiti: Imiti ishobora gutangwa ku ngaruka nyinshi za CP, nko gucika intege no gukomera kw'imitsi (spasticity). Iyi miti iratandukanye cyane bitewe n'ibimenyetso. Imiti ishobora no gutangwa ku zindi ndwara zihurirana na CP, nk'ibibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.
• Kubaga: Kubaga bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo hashyirwemo pompe nto (medication pumps) mu mubiri kugira ngo bigabanye imitsi cyangwa gutanga imiti buri gihe. Kubaga bishobora kandi gukorwa kugira ngo hakorwe ibibazo by'ingingo n'umugongo, no gushyiramo ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bitera ubwonko imbaraga (electric brain stimulators) kugira ngo bifashe kugenzura imikorere y'ubwonko.
• Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri n'ubuvuzi bw'akazi: Ibi bifasha umuntu urwaye CP kwiga gukora imirimo ya buri munsi no kugira imbaraga n'ubushobozi bwo kugenda.
• Ubuvuzi bw'imivugire: Abantu bafite CP bashobora kugorwa no kuvugana. Iyo hari ibibazo bigira ingaruka ku kuvuga, ubuvuzi bw'imivugire bushobora gufasha.
• Ubuvuzi bw'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe: Abantu bafite CP bakunze kugira ihungabana no guhangayika. Kubonana n'umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa umujyanama bishobora kugufasha guhangana n'izi ndwara.
• Imirimo y'imibereho myiza n'ubufasha mu burezi: Abantu bafite CP bashobora gukenera ubufasha bw'inyongera mu mirimo y'ishuri cyangwa indi mirimo ya buri munsi. Ibi bishobora gukorwa binyuze mu bakozi b'imibereho myiza n'inzobere mu burezi.

Indwara yo mu bwonko (CP) imara igihe kingana iki?

Indwara yo mu bwonko ishobora kugaragara mu nda, mu gihe cyo kuvuka, cyangwa nyuma yo kuvuka. Ni indwara ibaho ubuzima bwose.

Ni iki giteganijwe ku ndwara y'ubwonko (CP)?

Ibi biratandukanye cyane bitewe n'uburemere bw'indwara. Iyo indwara ya CP ikomeye, icyizere ntikiba cyiza kandi igihe cyo kubaho gishobora kugabanuka. Uko indwara irushaho kuba mbi, niko amahirwe yo kubaho igabanuka aba menshi.

Ariko, iterambere mu buvuzi, ubuvuzi bw’inkunga, n’udushya mu ikoranabuhanga byagize impinduka nini mu buzima bw’abantu bafite CP. Ibyo bivuze ko abantu bafite CP iri hagati y’imyaka ibiri n’ikomeye ubu baramba. Kubwibyo, umuganga wawe (cyangwa uw’umwana wawe) ni we muntu mwiza wo kuganira nawe ku gihe cyo kubaho n’ibintu bibigiraho ingaruka.

Ese indwara yo mu bwonko ishobora kwirindwa cyangwa ibyago bikagabanuka?

CP ikunze guterwa n'impamvu zitari zitezwe kandi zishobora kwirindwa. Kubera iyo mpamvu,Ibi ntibishobora kwirindwa burundu.

Ariko, hari uburyo bumwe na bumwe ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya CP ku mwana wawe bitewe n’impamvu zimwe na zimwe:

• Sulfate ya Manyeziyumu ku kubyara igihe kitageze: Sulfate ya Manyeziyumu ifasha kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya CP ku bana bavutse mbere y'ibyumweru 32. Ibi bifasha kunoza itembera ry'amaraso mu bwonko bw'umwana ukiri muto, bigabanya kwangirika guterwa no kugabanuka kw'amaraso na ogisijeni.
• Uburyo bwo gukonjesha abana bafite ikibazo cyo kubura umwuka: Abana batavutse mbere y'igihe bashobora no kuba mu kaga ko kubura umwuka bitewe no kubura umwuka. Gukonjesha umubiri w'umwana cyangwa umutwe we ku kigero cya dogere selisiyusi 2 (dogere selisiyusi 3.6 Fahrenheit) bishobora gukumira kwangirika k'ubwonko bitewe no kubura umwuka wa ogisijeni.
• Kafeyine itangwa na muganga ku bana bavutse igihe kitageze: Kafeyine, iyo itanzwe nk'umuti, ishobora gukurura umwuka w'umwana. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ibi bigabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya CP.
• Corticosteroids mu gihe cyo kubyara igihe kitageze: Imikurire y'ibihaha ku bana bavutse igihe kitageze akenshi iba ituzuye. Corticosteroids itangwa mu gihe cyo kubyara ishobora kwihutisha imikurire y'ibihaha. Ibi bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya CP, ariko hakenewe ubushakashatsi bwinshi kugira ngo byemezwe.

Ni gute nakwiyitaho (cyangwa umwana wanjye)?

Niba ufite CP, hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku buryo wiyitaho. Niba ufite CP yoroheje cyangwa iringaniye, ushobora gukora akazi runaka. Ariko, niba ufite CP yoroheje cyangwa iringaniye, ushobora kuba ufite ubushobozi buke bwo gukora akazi kawe, kandi ushobora gukenera ubufasha cyangwa kwitabwaho ubuzima bwawe bwose.

CP ni ikibazo cy’umuntu ku giti cye. Kubwibyo, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama nziza (cyangwa umwana urera) ku cyo wakora kugira ngo witeho. Ubuyobozi batanga buzagufasha cyane mu bijyanye n’imimerere yawe.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Niba umwana wawe afite CP, ushobora kubaza ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Ibyangiritse bikomeye gute?
• Ni ubuhe bushobozi bwagizweho ingaruka n'ibi?
• Ese umwana wanjye afite izindi ndwara zijyana cyangwa ziterwa na CP?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura buzafasha umwana wanjye mu gihe cya vuba?
• Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ubufasha, ikoranabuhanga, cyangwa ubundi buryo umwana wanjye azakenera?
• Ni ibihe bimenyetso ngomba kwitondera bigaragaza ibibazo bikomeye cyangwa biteje akaga?

Niba uri umuntu mukuru ufite CP, ushobora kubaza muganga wawe ibi bikurikira:

• Ni ibihe bimenyetso nkwiye kwitondera bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo uko nkura?
• Ni ubuhe buvuzi bwo kwirinda nkeneye by'umwihariko ku ndwara yanjye ya CP?
• Ese hari uburyo bushya bwo kuvura cyangwa uburyo bwo kumfasha bushobora kumfasha kunoza ubuzima bwanjye?

Ese indwara yo mu bwonko (CP) ihora igira ingaruka ku bwenge?

Oya, indwara ya CP mu bwonko (cerebral palsy) ntabwo ihora igira ingaruka ku bwenge. Mu by'ukuri, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu bafite CP nta bumuga bwo mu mutwe baba bafite. Ni ukuvuga ko idakora ku bwenge bwabo na gato. Abantu benshi bafite CP bashobora kugira ingorane mu kuvugana, ariko si kimwe n'ubumuga bwo mu mutwe.

Ese indwara yo mu bwonko (CP) ni indwara iterwa n'uturemangingo?

Hari ibintu bishobora gutuma habaho indwara y’ubwonko (cerebral palsy), ariko si ko bigenda buri gihe. Hari abantu badafite ibimenyetso by’imiterere y’umubiri cyangwa amateka y’umuryango bafite iyi ndwara bashobora kuyirwara bitewe n’impanuka cyangwa ikindi kintu cyabaye mu bwana bwabo.

Ese umuntu ufite ubumuga bwo mu bwonko (CP) ashobora kugenda?

Hari abantu bafite CP bashobora kugenda nta bufasha. Hari abandi bashobora gukoresha inkoni, imashini itwara abantu, cyangwa inkoni. Hari abandi bashobora gukoresha ibikoresho bibafasha nka wheelchair. Ibi biratandukanye cyane bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Hari abantu bafite CP bashobora kugenda igihe runaka, ariko bashobora gukoresha inkoni cyangwa wheelchair bitewe n'umunaniro cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso by'igihe gito.

Amaherezo, icyo ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Iyo umenye ko umwana wawe afite ubumuga bwo mu bwonko (CP), ushobora kwibaza niba ari wowe wabiteye. Ariko CP itera umuntu mu buryo butunguranye, akenshi bitewe n'ibintu bitandukanye. Nubwo CP ari indwara ikomeye kandi ishobora gutera ubumuga, iterambere mu buvuzi bwa none ryatumye habaho uburyo bushya bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha mu kugabanya ibimenyetso n'ingaruka. Kandi iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rifasha abantu bafite CP kubaho igihe kirekire, ubuzima bushimishije.

Niba umwana wawe afite CP, umuganga w'abana w'umwana wawe ashobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa ikibazo, kuguha ubuyobozi no kugufasha. Bashobora kandi kugufasha kubona ibikoresho bizafasha ubuzima bw'umwana wawe n'imibereho myiza ye. Niba uri umuntu mukuru ufite CP, ntutinye kuvugana na muganga wawe ku bibazo byose uhura na byo. Bashobora kuba bazi uburyo bushya bwo kuvura, ikoranabuhanga, cyangwa serivisi zishobora kugufasha.