Ijwi ni igice cy'ingenzi mu buzima bwacu. Ijwi ry'uwo dukunda, indirimbo nziza, guseka k'umwana muto ... Ibi byose biduha ibyishimo byinshi mu buzima bwacu. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, bitewe n'imyaka cyangwa bitewe n'izindi ndwara, buhoro buhoro dutakaza aya majwi y'agaciro. Kuri bamwe, gukoresha 'Hearing Aid' bishobora gukemura ikibazo. Ariko ku bandi, ndetse no mu gihe cy'imfashamatwi, biragoye kumva ibivugwa neza. Muri ibyo bihe niho abaganga bavuga ikoranabuhanga ryitwa 'Cochlear Implant'. Uyu munsi rero, tuzaganira kuri byose kuri ibi, mu buryo bworoshye, mu rurimi wowe nanjye dushobora kumva.

Igikoresho cyo gushyiramo implant mu maraso (cochlear implant) ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Abantu benshi batekereza ko ibi ari kimwe n'icyuma gifasha kumva. Ariko mu by'ukuri si byo. Ibi ni ibikoresho bibiri bitandukanye rwose bikora mu buryo butandukanye.

• Imfashamatwi: Tekereza nka mikoro. Ifata amajwi ari mu bidukikije, ikayongera, hanyuma ikayohereza mu gutwi. Ni ukuvuga ko imfashamatwi igira akamaro gusa iyo ibice by'ugutwi bifata amajwi bikora neza.

• Itera ry'amagufwa rya Cochlear: Ibi biragoye cyane. Mu magambo make, rinyura mu bice byangiritse by'ugutwi maze rikohereza amajwi mu buryo butaziguye ku mitsi yo kumva, ihujwe n'ubwonko. Ni nko kubaka umuhanda mushya aho umuhanda wangiritse.

Iki gikoresho gikunze kwitabwaho n’abantu bafite ikibazo gikomeye cyo kutumva , cyangwa abadafite icyo bungukira cyane ku byuma bifasha kumva. Nubwo gishobora kudashobora gusubiza 100% by’uburyo watakaje amatwi , gishobora kunoza cyane ubushobozi bwawe bwo kumva no kumenya amajwi akikije.

Ni gute iki gikoresho gito gikora akazi kanini gutya?

Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe uko ibi bikora, tugomba kubanza gusobanukirwa uburyo dusanzwe twumva. Iyo amajwi ageze mu matwi yacu, agenda ajya mu gice gisa n'ikinyamushongo kiri mu gutwi cyitwa cochlea . Muri iyi cochlea harimo ibihumbi by'uturemangingo tw'ibyumviro twiza cyane, tumeze nk'umusatsi (uturemangingo tw'ibyumviro by'umusatsi). Utu turemangingo ni two duhindura imihindagurikire y'amajwi mo ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi ubwonko bushobora gusobanukirwa. Akenshi, gutakaza amatwi bibaho iyo utwo turemangingo tw'ibyumviro twangiritse.

Itera ry’uturemangingo twangiritse risimbura imikorere y’utu turemangingo twangiritse. Rifite ibice bibiri:

1. Igice cy'inyuma: Iki gifite mikoro, poroseseri y'amajwi, n'icyuma gitanga amakuru.

2. Igice giterwamo icyuma gishyirwamo: Iki gifite icyuma gifata amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi.

Noneho reka turebe uko ibi bikorwa intambwe ku yindi:

• Intambwe ya 1: Mikoro wambara inyuma y'ugutwi kwawe yumva amajwi yo mu kirere.
• Intambwe ya 2: Ayo majwi ajya kuri poroseseri y'amajwi wambara agahindurwamo ibimenyetso by'ikoranabuhanga.
• Intambwe ya 3: Ibi bimenyetso by'ikoranabuhanga byoherezwa ku cyuma gifatanye n'umutwe binyuze kuri rukuruzi.
• Intambwe ya 4: Imashini yohereza ubutumwa yohereza ibimenyetso kuri mashini ifata ubutumwa, igashyirwa munsi y'uruhu.
• Intambwe ya 5: Umwakira wohereza ayo majwi kuri electrodes zishyizwe muri cochlea.
• Intambwe ya 6: Izi electrode zitera imbaraga imitsi yo kumva .
• Intambwe ya 7: Amaherezo, imitsi yo kumva ijyana ibyo bimenyetso mu bwonko, ibisobanura nk'amagambo, umuziki, cyangwa andi majwi.

Ni iki kibaho nyuma yo kubagwa na nyuma yaho?

Iyi ni inzira y'ibice bibiri: icya mbere ni ukubaga, hanyuma igikoresho kigatangira gukoreshwa.

Kubaga

Ibi bikunze gukorwa n'inzobere mu by'amatwi , amazuru n'umuhogo (otolaryngologist).

• Ubwa mbere, uzashyirwa munsi y'ikinya rusange , bityo ntuzumva ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose.
• Hanyuma muganga atema gato inyuma y'ugutwi maze agatera umwobo muto cyane mu igufwa ry'agahanga.
• Ni muri uwo mwobo aho ibice by'imbere by'igikoresho (icyakira n'amashanyarazi) byinjizwamo witonze cyane.
• Amaherezo, incision ifungwa hakoreshejwe imidomo ishongeshwa.

Ubu si ukubagwa gukomeye. Kenshi na kenshi, ushobora gutaha nimugoroba (kubagwa hanze).

Gukoresha igikoresho

Nyuma y'ibyumweru bibiri, igihe icyuho kizaba cyakize neza, uzasabwa kugaruka. Ni bwo iki gikoresho gitangaje kizatangira gukoreshwa ku nshuro ya mbere. Ibi bikorwa n'inzobere mu by'amatwi.

• Hanyuma, igice cyo hanze kizafatanywa ku mutwe wawe hakoreshejwe magnet.
• Hanyuma uyifungure hanyuma uhindure/ushyire igikoresho ku majwi wumvise.
• Amajwi ashobora kuba adasanzwe mu ntangiriro, ariko uko igihe kigenda gihita ubwonko bwawe buzamenyera ubu buryo bushya.

Ni izihe nyungu n'ingaruka byagira?

Nkuko bigenda ku buvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose, hari ibyiza n'ingaruka nto cyane. Ariko akenshi, inyungu ziruta kure ingaruka. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo.

Bizatwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu amenyere ibi?

Iki ni ikibazo cy'ingenzi cyane. Ntukitege ko ibintu byose byumvikana neza kandi bisanzwe nyuma yo guhabwa inshinge ya cochlear. Ubwonko bwawe bugomba kongera kwiga uburyo bwo gusobanura ibi bimenyetso bishya.

Mu ntangiriro, cyane cyane ku bantu bakuze, amajwi ashobora kumvikana nk'ay'imashini (robotique). Ariko ntugahangayike. Uko igihe kigenda n'imyitozo ikwiye, ibi bizashira kandi amajwi azarushaho kuba asanzwe.

Ubusanzwe, uzabona iterambere rikomeye mu kumva kwawe mu kwezi kumwe uhereye igihe ukoresheje igikoresho. Bishobora gufata amezi 3 kugeza kuri 6 kugira ngo yungukirwe byuzuye. Muri iki gihe, ni ngombwa kwitabira gahunda yo kuvura amatwi hamwe n'inzobere mu by'amatwi cyangwa inzobere mu by'indwara z'ururimi. Ubwitange bwawe ni bwo buzagena umusaruro.

Ni iki cyakorwa kugira ngo uru rugendo rworohe?

Kugira ngo ubu buvuzi burusheho kugufasha, ugomba kwiyemeza.

• Ambara igikoresho buri gihe: Ambara igice cy'inyuma cy'igikoresho hafi ya buri gihe ubyutse. Ibi bizafasha ubwonko bwawe kumenyera vuba.
• Menya neza ko witabira amahugurwa: Kurikiza amabwiriza yatanzwe na muganga n'umuvuzi neza.
• Menya inzitizi zawe: Ugomba gukuraho igice cy'inyuma mugihe woga cyangwa woga. Nanone, nibyiza kwirinda siporo zirimo gukubita umutwe cyane. Iyo ukubiswe, igice cy'imbere gishobora kwangirika.
• Ishimire amahirwe mashya: Ibi ntabwo ari imbogamizi ku buzima bwawe. Ahubwo, ni amahirwe yo kongera kwiyunga n'isi wabuze. Koresha neza aya mahirwe yo kuganira n'abandi no gusabana.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya kwa muganga?

Nyuma yo gushyiramo igikoresho, uzajya ukurikiranwa buri gihe. Ariko, niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikurikira, ugomba guhita ubonana na muganga wawe .

• Niba ubonye impinduka itunguranye mu kumva kwawe.
• Niba ubabara mu matwi cyangwa ukumva utameze neza.
• Iyo aho babazwe hahindutse umutuku, hakabyimba, hakagira umuriro, cyangwa hakagaragara amazi asa n'ibibyimba (ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'ubwandu).
• Niba ukubiswe bikomeye ku mutwe.