Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku kintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu buzima bwacu. Ni ukuvuga kumva kwacu. Hari igihe tutabitekerezaho cyane, ariko kumva bidufasha cyane kumenya ibiri kuba hirya no hino, kuganira n'abandi, muri ibi byose, si byo se? Rero, uyu munsi tuzasobanukirwa neza icyo kumva ari cyo n'uko bigenda.

Kumva bivuze iki mu by'ukuri? (Gutunganya amatwi)

Mu magambo make, kumva ni ubushobozi bwo kumva amajwi no gusobanukirwa icyo asobanura. Mu buvuzi, ibi tubyita gutunganya amajwi . Ni igikorwa kigoye cyane. Ibice bitandukanye by'ugutwi kwawe n'imitsi yo kumva bikora hamwe mu buryo butangaje kugira ngo bitume twumva amajwi.

Ni ibihe bice by'amatwi yacu bidufasha kumva amajwi?

Hari ibice byinshi by'ingenzi mu matwi yacu bidufasha kumva amajwi. Iyo ibyo bice byose bikora neza ni bwo twumva amajwi neza. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo:

• Ugutwi rwo hanze
• Ugutwi rwo Hagati
• Ugutwi kw'imbere
• Sisitemu y'imitsi yo kumva

Ugutwi ko hanze ni iki?

Ugutwi kw'inyuma kugizwe n'agace k'ugutwi ubona hanze n'umwobo winjira mu gutwi, witwa umuyoboro w'ugutwi . Pinna yawe imeze nk'umuyoboro. Ikusanya amajwi akukikije ikayohereza imbere binyuze mu muyoboro w'ugutwi.

Ugutwi ko hagati bikora gute?

Mu gutwi hagati hari urugunguru rw'amatwi , arirwo "Tympanic Membrane", n'amagufwa atatu mato cyane. Aya magufwa twita ossicles . Mu by'ukuri, ni amagufwa ya "Malleus, Incus, Stapes". Urugunguru rw'amatwi ruherereye ku mpera y'umuyoboro w'amatwi. Utu dugunguru, turi ku rundi ruhande rw'urugunguru rw'amatwi, dutuma amajwi anyura mu gutwi imbere.

Ni iki kiri imbere mu gutwi imbere?

Imbere mu gutwi imbere hari akantu gato kameze nk'igikonoshwa cy'ikinyobwa. Tubyita cochlea . Imbere muri iyi cochlea huzuyemo uturemangingo tw'umusatsi twiza cyane. Iyo ijwi rigera kuri utwo turemangingo tw'umusatsi, twohereza ibimenyetso ku mitsi yacu yo kumva .

Sisitemu y'imitsi yo mu bwonko yo mu mutwe ni iki?

Umutsi wo kumva uva kuri cochlea yawe ujya ku gice cyihariye kiri mu mutwe w'ubwonko (cyitwa nucleus). Kuva aho, impulses z'imitsi zijya ku ruhande rw'ubwonko bwawe, igice cy'ubwonko cy'igihe . Aho niho ubwonko busobanura ijwi.

Twumva dute? Uko iyi gahunda igenda

Buri gice cy'ugutwi cyavuzwe haruguru gikora muri iki gikorwa kigoye cyitwa kumva. Reka turebe uko ibi bigenda intambwe ku yindi:

1. Amajwi anyura mu muyoboro w'amatwi yawe akagera ku mugongo w'amatwi yawe. Hanyuma umugongo w'amatwi utangira kunyeganyega .

2. Uku kuzungazunga kuva ku gituza cy'amatwi kugera ku magufwa mato ari mu gutwi ko hagati, yitwa ossicles .

3. Uku kunyeganyega koherezwa kuva kuri ossicles kugera kuri cochlea, urugingo rumeze nk'ikinyobwa ruri mu gutwi imbere rwuzuyemo uturemangingo tw'ubwoya.

4. Hanyuma utwo turemangingo tw’umusatsi mwiza turahindagurika maze twohereza ubutumwa mu bwonko binyuze mu mitsi yo kumva .

5. Amaherezo, ubwonko bwawe bufata aya makuru bukayasobanura nk'amajwi. Muri make, ubwonko ni bwo butuma twumva nk'aho turimo kumva.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kutumva kwacu?

Hari indwara zitandukanye zishobora kugira ingaruka ku matwi yacu. Reka turebe zimwe muri zo:

• Gusaza: Kumva bigabanuka uko tugenda dusaza. Imyaka myinshi yo guhura n'urusaku rwinshi, indwara zitandukanye, n'imiti imwe n'imwe byose bishobora kugira uruhare mu gutuma umuntu atabasha kumva neza bitewe n'izabukuru.
• Ingaruka zo mu matwi: Gushyira ibintu nk'udupira tw'ipamba mu gutwi bishobora gutuma igituza cy'amatwi giturika. Gukubitwa cyane mu gutwi, cyangwa ndetse no gukomereka ku mutwe, bishobora gutera kuvunika imbere mu gutwi. Tekereza gato, hari abantu bakunze gushyira udupira tw'ipamba mu matwi yabo, ubu usobanukiwe ukuntu ibyo ari bibi, si byo se?
• Indwara: Indwara nk'indwara z'umutima n'imitsi na diyabete zishobora kugabanya amaraso agera mu matwi no mu bwonko, bikongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo byo kutumva.
• Imiti: Imiti imwe, urugero, imiti imwe n'imwe ivura kanseri, ishobora gutera ububabare bwo kutumva.
• Guhura n'urusaku rwinshi: Guhura n'urusaku rwinshi igihe kirekire bishobora kwangiza inyubako zoroshye ziri mu gutwi kwawe, bigatera ububabare bwo kutumva. Ibi bishobora kubaho buhoro buhoro (urugero, ku muntu ukora mu ruganda imyaka myinshi), cyangwa bikabaho mu buryo butunguranye (urugero, iyo ukoresha imbunda cyangwa utwika ibishashi by'umuriro). Uko uhura n'urusaku rwinshi, niko ibyago byo kubura amatwi byiyongera. Ariko, ububabare bwo kutumva buterwa n'urusaku bushobora kwirindwa 100% . Bushobora kwirindwa wambaye utumashini two guterura amatwi cyangwa uturinda amatwi.
• Igitambaro cyo mu matwi: Ni ibisanzwe kugira cerumen mu muyoboro w'amatwi, ibi bikaba birinda ugutwi. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe cerumen nyinshi ishobora kwirundanya no kuziba inzira y'amajwi ajya mu gitambaro cyo mu matwi. Ibi bishobora no gutera ububabare bwo kutumva. Muri ibyo bihe, muganga ashobora gukuramo cerumen neza no gusubiza ubushobozi bwo kumva.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ugize ikibazo cyo kutumva gitunguranye, ndetse no mu gutwi kumwe, hita ubonana n'umuganga wita ku matwi.Shaka abaganga mu masaha 72 ya mbere kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kurwara indwara, nko kubura amatwi burundu.

Abaganga b'indwara zo mu mutwe batandukanye n'abaganga b'umuryango wawe basanzwe (Umuganga w'ibanze - PCP). Abo ni:

• Umuganga w’amatwi: Umuganga uvura kandi akavura ibibazo byo kumva no kuringaniza imiterere bitari iby’ubuvuzi.
• Inzobere mu ndwara z'amaso (ENT): Umuganga uvura indwara zijyanye n'ugutwi kwawe, izuru, n'umuhogo .
• Inzobere mu by'amagufwa: Umuganga w'inzobere mu by'ubuzima bw'amatwi no mu buvuzi no mu kubaga bifitanye isano n'ugutwi cyangwa kumva.

Niba ubonye impinduka mu kumva kwawe, cyangwa niba wumvise ijwi rituje, menya neza ko ugiye kureba umuhanga mu by’ubuvuzi bw’amatwi kugira ngo akugire inama. Gutakaza amatwi rimwe na rimwe bishobora kubaho buhoro buhoro. Rero ni byiza ko ujya usuzuma amatwi yawe buri gihe. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite ikibazo cyo kutumva.

Ni gute abaganga b'amatwi basuzuma niba hari ikibazo cyo kutumva?

Umuganga w’amatwi azaguha agakoresho ko kumva amajwi atandukanye. Muri iki kizamini, muganga azagusaba kumva amajwi atandukanye akoresheje ecouteur. Uzakanda buto igihe wumvise ijwi. Ibisubizo bizakwereka uburyo wumva neza. Iki kizamini gikorerwa mu cyumba kidakoresha amajwi mu biro bya muganga.

Ni gute nakomeza kugira amatwi mazima?

Dore bimwe mu bintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo wite ku matwi yawe:

• Koresha utumashini two guteresha amatwi cyangwa uturinda amatwi mu gihe cy'ibikorwa by'urusaku, nko mu bitaramo, gutwara moto cyangwa imodoka zo mu rubura, no gukorana n'imashini zikoresha amajwi menshi. Tekereza, bamwe mu rubyiruko rwacu bambara ecouteur kandi bumva umuziki ku ijwi ryinshi. Ibyo bishobora kwangiza amatwi yabo ku rugero rungana iki?
• Mu gihe wumva umuziki ukoresheje ecouteur cyangwa ecouteur, shyira ijwi hasi kugira ngo wumve abantu bagukikije. Irindi tegeko ryiza ni ukudatega amatwi umuziki ku ijwi rirenga 80% mu gihe kirenze iminota 90 ku munsi.
• Ntugashyire ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose mu gutwi kwawe. Si ipamba gusa, ahubwo n'udupira tw'imisatsi n'imfunguzo ni bibi. Ibi bishobora gufatirwa mu muyoboro w'ugutwi cyangwa bigaturika ku gituza cy'ugutwi.
• Irinde kunywa itabi. Kunywa itabi bishobora kubangamira urujya n'uruza rw'amaraso no kwangiza amatwi.
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe kugira ngo wirinde indwara zifata amatwi, nka diyabete cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.
• Niba ufite indwara idakira, yifate neza kugira ngo wirinde ko yangirika kurushaho.

Uburyo bwo Kubona mu Matwi ni iki?

Mu magambo make, kumva neza ni ubushobozi bwo kumenya amajwi, kuyasobanukirwa no kuyaha ibisobanuro.

Kuki tugomba gutega amatwi?

Kumva bigufasha kumenya ibikukikije no kwihuza n'isi. Tekereza turamutse twumvise ihoni y'imodoka mu gihe dutwaye imodoka mu muhanda, twahita tuyitega amatwi, si byo se? Nanone, kumva amajwi y'abakunzi bacu, kwishimira indirimbo, ibi byose bisaba kumva.

Kumva ni kimwe mu byumviro bitanu by'ibanze by'umuntu. Ni inzira igoye dukoresha buri munsi, ariko ntabwo tubitekerezaho cyane. Abantu benshi bagorwa no kumva. Mu by'ukuri, abantu bakuru barenga miliyoni 37 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika honyine bivugwa ko bafite ikibazo cyo kutumva. Muri iki gihe, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura n'ibikoresho bishobora kunoza uburyo wumva, nk'ibikoresho bifasha kumva , ibikoresho bya cochlear , n'ibikoresho bifunga amagufwa . Hariho kandi ibikoresho bishobora gufasha abantu bafite ikibazo cyo kutumva kuvuga neza. Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kutumva, vugana na muganga kuri ibyo.

None se, ni ibihe bintu by'ingenzi twize uyu munsi? (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Rero, twaganiriye byinshi ku kumva uyu munsi. Dore ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka:

• Kumva ni ikintu kigoye cyane kandi cy'ingenzi mu buzima bwacu.
• Ibice byose by'ugutwi kwacu, harimo ugutwi kw'inyuma, ugutwi ko hagati, ugutwi kw'imbere, n'imitsi yo kumva, birafasha muri ibi.
• Gusaza, imvune zo mu matwi, indwara zimwe na zimwe, imiti, urusaku rwinshi, n'udupira two mu matwi byose bishobora kugira ingaruka ku matwi.
• Niba ugize ikibazo cyo kutumva gitunguranye, hita ubonana na muganga.
• Irinde kumva umuziki urenga cyangwa gushyira ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose mu matwi yawe. Koresha utumashini two guterura amatwi.
• Ni byiza ko ujya usuzuma ubumuga bwo kutumva buri gihe, cyane cyane niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite ibi bibazo.

Amatwi yawe ni umutungo w'agaciro wahawe. Rero ni inshingano zawe kuyafata neza!

Kumva , kumva, imiterere y'ugutwi, gutakaza amatwi, gucurama k'amatwi, ururenda rw'amatwi, imitsi yo kumva