Ese umwana wawe afite ibibazo by'inkari yavukanye? (Ibitagenda neza mu nkari) Reka tubiganireho!

Ese umwana wawe yumva hari ikintu kidasanzwe iyo arimo kunyara ? Hari igihe abaganga batubwira binyuze mu isuzuma mbere y'uko umwana avuka ko hari impinduka nto mu mikorere y'inkari z'umwana. Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba iyo ubyumvise. Ariko ntugahangayike, reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye. Uyu munsi turareba izi ndwara, impamvu zibaho, uburyo bwo kuzimenya, n'uburyo bwo kuzivura.

Ni ibihe 'bidasanzwe byo mu mikorere y'inkari ivukanwa'?

Mu magambo make, indwara z’inkari zivukana ni impinduka cyangwa inenge mu buryo bw’inkari z’umwana wawe ndetse rimwe na rimwe n’uturemangingo tw’imyanya ndangagitsina tubaho igihe avuka, bivuze ko bibaho umwana akiri mu nda. Ibi kandi byitwa indwara z’inkari zivukana.

Ingingo zishobora kwibasirwa cyane cyane n'izi ndwara ni izi zikurikira:

• Impyiko: Nkuko mubizi, impyiko ebyiri zo mu mubiri wacu ziyungurura umunyu, amazi, uburozi, n'imyanda iva mu maraso ikabyara inkari . Abantu benshi bafite impyiko ebyiri.
• Uruhago rw'inkari: Uru ni urugingo rumeze nk'agafuka gakomeye rubika inkari .
• Ureters: Iyi ni imiyoboro ibiri y'imitsi itwara inkari ziva mu mpyiko zijya mu ruhago.

Ni ibihe bintu bikunze kugaragara cyane?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibintu nk'ibi bidasanzwe. Reka turebe bimwe muri byo:

• Hydronephrosis: Ibi bibaho iyo impyiko imwe cyangwa zombi zibyimbye. Tekereza ko hari ikintu kirimo gufunga inzira y'inkari ziva mu mpyiko zijya mu ruhago, bigatuma inkari ziri mu mpyiko zuzuza kandi zikabyimba. Ni nk'aho umuyoboro w'amazi ufunga amazi.
• Amasambu y'uruhinja adafite uburebure (cryptorchidism): Ubusanzwe, amasambu y'uruhinja rw'umuhungu akurira mu nda akiri mu nda. Hanyuma agenda amanuka buhoro buhoro mu isambu, aho amasambu aherereye. Ariko, hari abana bafite imwe cyangwa zombi muri izi sambu itaramanuka mu isambu nyuma yo kuvuka.
• Hypospadias: Iyi ni indwara ifata abana b'abahungu. Umwobo uri mu muyoboro w'inkari, umuyoboro unyuramo inkari n'intanga ngabo, ugomba kuba uri ku mpera y'igitsina. Ariko, muri iki gihe, uwo mwobo uba uri ahandi hepfo y'igitsina.
• Spina bifida: Iyi ni indwara igoye gato. Ibaho iyo ubwonko, uruti rw'umugongo, cyangwa uturemangingo tw'uburinzi dukikije uruti rw'umugongo (meninges) tudakuze neza mu gihe umwana arimo gukura mu nda. Mu bihe bikomeye, ibi bishobora gutera ubumuga bw'igice cyangwa bwose. Bishobora kandi gutera uruhago ruterwa n'imitsi n'ibindi bibazo.
• Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amaraso mu muyoboro w'amaraso (VUR):Ubusanzwe, inkari ziva mu mpyiko zinyura mu miyoboro y'inkari zijya mu ruhago, hanyuma zigasohoka zinyuze mu muyoboro w'inkari. Ariko, muri iki kibazo (VUR), inkari zo mu ruhago zisubira hejuru zinyuze mu miyoboro y'inkari, rimwe na rimwe zigasubira mu mpyiko.
• Kunyara mu nda: Iyi ni indwara idasanzwe. Muri iyi ndwara, uruhago rw'umwana rukura mu buryo imbere hagaragara, bivuze ko imbere hagaragara. Hanyuma umwana aranyara anyuze mu mwenge uri mu nda yo hasi, aho kunyura mu muyoboro w'inkari.
• Indwara yo kugabanya ingano y'inkari (Eagle-Barrett syndrome): Iyi nayo ni indwara idasanzwe. Ikimenyetso nyamukuru cy'iyi ndwara ni ugucika intege cyangwa gutakaza imitsi yo mu nda, bigatuma igifu gisa n'ikimanyu cyumye. Hamwe n'ibi, udusabo tw'inkari dushobora kumanuka tukabura, kandi hashobora kubaho n'ibindi bintu bidakunze kugaragara mu mikorere y'inkari.
• Umuyoboro w'inkari wo mu gice cy'inyuma cy'umuyoboro w'inkari (PUV): Iyi ndwara ifata abana b'abahungu. Umuyoboro w'inkari wongeyeho inyuma y'umuyoboro w'inkari ubuza inzira y'inkari gutembera. Ibi bishobora gutuma inkari zisubira inyuma mu ruhago, bigatuma rubyimba. Ibi bishobora kwangiza uruhago rw'inkari n'impyiko.

Ni ibihe bintu bikunze kubaho cyane?

Amasaya atamanuka ni yo akunze kugaragara cyane mu nzira y'inkari ku bahungu.

Indwara yo kuzura kw'imitsi (VUR) ni indwara ikunze kugaragara mu bakobwa.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibi bintu bidasanzwe?

Ibi biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ikibazo kidasanzwe. Hari igihe nta bubabare cyangwa ibimenyetso bigaragara bihari. Muri ibi bihe, muganga ashobora kubimenya gusa binyuze mu bipimo nka scan. Ariko, dore bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara:

• Kubabara mu ruhande, mu nda, cyangwa mu mugongo.
• Gushya cyangwa kubabara iyo uri kunyara (dysuria).
• Kunyura mu nkari , cyangwa umuyoboro w'inkari udakora neza.
• Gusohora inkari nyinshi cyangwa nkeya kurusha uko bisanzwe.
• Amaraso mu nkari (hematuria).
• Isesemi no kuruka .
• Hernia .
• Kugaragara kenshi kw'indwara zo mu nzira y'inkari (UTI).
• Umwana ntabwo akura neza nkuko byari byitezwe.

Kuki ibi bibaho? Ni izihe mpamvu zibitera?

Biragoye cyane kumenya impamvu imwe itera ibi. Biragoye gato. Akenshi, ubu busembwa bw'inkari buterwa n'uruvange rw'ibintu biba mu bidukikije ndetse n'impinduka mu miterere y'uturemangingo .

Ibintu bidukikije bishobora kugira ingaruka ni ibi bikurikira:

• Mama arwaye diyabete .
• Kubura vitamine na myunyungugu zimwe na zimwe, nka folate na fer, mu gihe cyo gutwita.
• Imiti imwe n'imwe umubyeyi afata (urugero, imiti imwe n'imwe ivura igicuri) ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku mpyiko.

Impinduka z'ingenzi mu miterere y'uturemangingo zijyanye n'ibi bintu bidasanzwe ni gene PAX2 na HNF1B. Izi gene zifasha impyiko, uturemangingo tw'inkari, n'izindi ngingo gukora mu gihe cy'imikurire y'umwana uri mu nda.

Ni nde urebwa cyane n'ibi bibazo?

Muri rusange, iyo hari umuntu wo mu muryango (ufitanye isano n'ibinyabuzima) wigeze kugira ibibazo by'impyiko cyangwa iby'inkari mbere , umwana aba afite amahirwe make yo kugira ubu bwoko bw'indwara z'inkari avukanye.

Ubibona ute? Ni gute wasuzuma indwara?

Akenshi, abaganga basanga ibi bibazo by’inkari bavukana mu gihe cyo gupima umwana utwite. Urabizi, ibi bipimo bigenzura ubuzima n’imikurire y’umwana. Bishobora kandi kubona ibintu nka oligohydramnios, ari byo kubura amazi ya amniotic hafi y’umwana. Ubusanzwe, nyuma y’ibyumweru bigera kuri 20 atwite, igice kinini cy’aya mazi ya amniotic ni inkari . Rero, iyo nta mazi ya amniotic ahagije ahari, abaganga bakeka ko hari ikibazo kiri mu buryo bw’inkari z’umwana.

Iyo ku mpamvu runaka ibi bitashoboye kumenyekana mbere yuko umwana avuka, muganga ashobora gukeka ko ari uko umwana avutse cyangwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso umwana agaragaza akiri umwana. Hanyuma, hakorwa ibizamini bitandukanye kugira ngo byemezwe iyi ndwara. Ibi bizamini ni ibi:

• Gupima hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya Ultrasound: Iki ni ikizamini kidasaba ububabare gikoresha amajwi mu gufata amafoto cyangwa amashusho y’ingingo n’imitsi biri mu mubiri.
• Isuzuma ry'inkari / ikizamini cy'inkari: Ibi bishobora kwemeza ibintu nko kumenya niba hari ubwandu bw'inkari.
• Ibipimo by'amaraso: Ibi bishobora kugenzura ibintu nko kumenya uburyo impyiko ziyungurura amaraso (igipimo cyagenwe cyo kuyungurura amaraso mu maraso - eGFR).
• Gupima CT (computed tomography scan): Iki nacyo ni ikizamini kidababaza. Bisaba imirasire myinshi ya X-rays zikurikiranye kugira ngo habeho amashusho arambuye y'amagufwa n'ingingo ziri mu mubiri.
• MRI Scan (MRI / Magnetic resonance imaging): Iki nacyo ni ikizamini kidababaza. Gikoresha magnet, radiyo, na mudasobwa kugira ngo gifate amafoto arambuye y'ingingo n'ibintu biri mu mubiri.
• Isuzuma rya VCUG rigamije gupima uruhago mu buryo burambuye (Voiding cystourethrogram): Iki ni ikizamini cyihariye gifata amafoto arambuye y'uruhago mu gihe rwuzuye kandi rusohoka nyuma yo kunyara .
• Gupima impyiko: Ubu ni uburyo bwo gufata amashusho y’imiti ya kirimbuzi bukoresha ingano nto y’ibintu bifite imirasire mu gufata amafoto arambuye y’impyiko.
• Gupima urodynamic: Ibi bikubiyemo gushyiramo igikoresho, nka catheter, kugira ngo harebwe uburyo uruhago rukora neza.

Ibi bivurwa bite?

Ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi buterwa n'ubwoko bw'indwara umwana afite. Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kudasaba ubuvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose. Izindi ndwara zishobora gusaba ubuvuzi butandukanye. Urugero:

• Antibiyotike (niba hari ubwandu)
• Dialysis (igihe impyiko zidakora neza)
• Gutera impyiko ( iyo impyiko zananiwe gukora neza)

Itsinda ry’abaganga b’umwana wawe rizasuzuma amateka yose y’ubuzima bw’umwana wawe, risuzume neza uko amerewe ubu, kandi ritegure gahunda nziza kandi ikwiye y’ubuzima bw’umwana wawe.

Ese hari uburyo bwo kwirinda ibi bibazo?

Mu by'ukuri, ntibishoboka kwirinda ibi byose bitera indwara zo mu nzira y'inkari. Ariko, kugira inda nziza bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara mu rugero runaka. Ibyo bivuze ko:

• Shaka muganga ku gihe, ubone inama, kandi witabire amavuriro yagenwe.
• Vugana na muganga wawe ku miti na vitamine urimo gufata ubu.
• Fata vitamine yo mu gihe cyo kubyara irimo nibura mikorogarama 400 za aside folike buri munsi.
• Ntugakoreshe inzoga, itabi, cyangwa ibindi biyobyabwenge bitanditswe na muganga.

Bigenda bite iyo umwana wanjye avutse afite ikibazo nk'iki cy'inzira y'inkari? Ejo hazaza hazaba hameze hate?

Ibi biterwa cyane n'ubwoko bw'indwara z'inkari umwana wawe afite n'uburemere bw'ibimenyetso. Hari abana bashobora gukenera ubuvuzi buhoraho ubuzima bwabo bwose. Ariko ntugahangayike , itsinda ry'abaganga b'umwana wawe rizakorana nawe kugira ngo bakore gahunda yihariye yo gufasha umwana wawe kugira umutekano, ubuzima bwiza, no kwigenga uko bishoboka kose.

Uko umwana akura, akigera mu bwangavu, akinjira mu bwangavu, hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe by’ubuzima n’imibereho myiza bishobora kuvuka. Urugero:

• Kugorwa no kugenzura inkari n'umwanda (kunanirwa kwihagarika inkari n'amara).
• Indwara zikunze kugaragara mu nzira y'inkari (UTIs).
• Kwangirika k'uruhago, impyiko, n'inzira y'inkari.
• Kwangirika gukomeye kw'impyiko bishobora gutuma impyiko zinanirwa gukora neza. Muri icyo gihe, dialyse cyangwa impyiko zishobora kuba ngombwa.
• Iyi ndwara ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere n'isura y'imyanya ndangagitsina yabo, ibi bikaba byagira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwabo bwo kubyara mu gihe kizaza.

Ibi bibazo byo mu mikorere y'inkari bivukanwa bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwana wawe mu buryo bw'amarangamutima no mu mibanire (uko abandi bamubona, uko yitekerezaho, nibindi), ariko itsinda ry'abaganga rishobora gutanga ubufasha kuri ibi byose, rigafasha umwana wawe guhinduka mukuru nta stress ishoboka.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujyana umwana wanjye kwa muganga? Ni iki nakora mu gihe cyihutirwa?

Ni ngombwa gutegura gahunda yo guhura na muganga w'umwana wawe buri gihe . Azakurikirana umwana wawe mu gihe cy'ubuhinja, ubwana, ingimbi n'abangavu.

Niba umwana wawe afite ikibazo cy’inzira y’inkari kandi akagaragaza kimwe muri ibi bikurikira, jya mu bitaro byihutirwa bikwegereye vuba :

• Niba ugize ububabare bukabije kandi bukabije mu nda, mu mugongo, cyangwa mu rubavu.
• Niba ufite umuriro urenze dogere selisiyusi 38 (dogere selisiyusi 38).
• Iyo ubonye impinduka mu buryo bwo kunyara (urugero: kunyara cyane cyangwa bike kurusha uko bisanzwe, kudashobora kunyara na gato, kumva ububabare mu gihe cyo kunyara , kunyara amaraso mu nkari ).

Ni ibihe bibazo by'ingenzi ugomba kubaza muganga?

Ntukibagirwe kubaza ibi bibazo igihe ugiye kwa muganga w'umwana wawe:

• "Ni iki mu by'ukuri kijyanye n'imikorere y'inkari umwana wanjye afite?"
• "Ni gute iki kibazo kizagira ingaruka ku buzima bwe mu gihe kizaza?"
• "Ese umwana wanjye afite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima bitewe n'iyi ndwara?"
• "Ese umwana wanjye akeneye kuvurwa?"
• "None se, ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kuvura?"
• "Ni izihe ngorane nkwiye kumenya cyane cyane?"
• "Ni izihe ngaruka z'igihe kirekire z'iyi ndwara ku mwana wanjye?"

Ibintu by'ingenzi tugomba kwibuka

Kimwe mu bintu ababyeyi benshi batinya cyane ni uko umwana wabo uri mu nda cyangwa umwana uvutse azarwara indwara cyangwa indwara ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwe. Ibi bibazo byo mu nzira y'inkari bivuka bisa, kandi bishobora kubaho umwana akiri mu nda cyangwa nyuma yo kuvuka. Ibyinshi muri ibi bibazo ntibishobora kwirindwa burundu. Ariko, iyo utwite neza,(Ni ukuvuga kurya indyo yuzuye intungamubiri, gufata vitamine zisabwa n'abaganga, kwirinda ibintu byangiza, no kujya kwa muganga no kwa muganga ku gihe) bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara bene ibyo bibazo ku rugero runaka.

Niba usanze umwana wawe afite ikibazo cyo mu nzira y'inkari, ntugatinye . Itsinda ry'abaganga rizashyiraho gahunda y'ubuvuzi yihariye ku mwana wawe kandi imufitiye akamaro. Bazi uburyo ibi bishobora kukugora kandi biguhangayikishije nk'umubyeyi. Niyo mpamvu biteguye kugusobanurira ibizamini n'imiti umwana wawe azakenera, no gusubiza ibibazo byose ushobora kuba ufite. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ushobora gukora muri iki gihe ni ugukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe neza kandi ukizera muganga wawe.

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