Igikomere kiri mu jisho? Reka twige ku gisebe cy'ijisho?

Amaso yawe aratukura kandi afite amazi? Cyangwa wumva hari ikintu cyagufashe mu jisho, bigatuma bigoye kubona mu mucyo? Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'igisebe cy'ijisho . Ntugahangayike, reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye. Iyi ni indwara ikomeye, bityo ni ngombwa kuyisuzumisha vuba bishoboka.

Igisebe cy'ijisho ry'umugongo ni iki?

Mu magambo make, igisebe cy'ijisho ni igisebe cyangwa igisebe kiba ku mboni, igice cy'imbere cy'ijisho ryawe kigaragara nk'ikirahure . Tekereza amaso yacu nk'ikirahure cy'imodoka. Iyi mboni ni yo irinda imbere mu jisho ryacu ibintu nk'umukungugu n'udukoko two hanze. Rero niba hari agace cyangwa imvune muri iki "kirahure," byitwa igisebe cy'ijisho.

Ibi bifatwa nk'ikibazo cyihutirwa cy'ubuvuzi. Kuko iyo bidavuwe vuba, bishobora gutera kwangirika kw'amaso burundu, kutabona neza, ndetse rimwe na rimwe no guta ubwenge burundu. None rero ntubifate nk'ibintu byoroshye, sibyo?

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'igisebe cy'ijisho (cornea)?

Ibimenyetso by'igisebe cyo mu maso bishobora gutandukana gato bitewe n'umuntu, ariko hari ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bikunze kugaragara:

• Amaso atukura cyangwa asa n'amaraso .
• Kurandura cyangwa kuva amaraso kenshi mu maso (epiphora) .
• Ububabare bw'amaso: Ibi bishobora kuba ububabare bworoheje kuri bamwe, nko kumva ubushyuhe mu jisho. Ku bandi, bishobora kuba ububabare bukomeye.
• Kumva ikintu cyafashe mu jisho, nk'agace k'umukungugu cyangwa agasatsi (ibyiyumvo by'ibintu bidasanzwe).
• Kugorwa no kureba urumuri (photophobia). Mu by'ukuri, ni ukumva ububabare no kumererwa nabi iyo amaso abonye urumuri rwinshi cyangwa izuba.
• Kubona nabi.
• Kubyimba cyangwa kubyimba kw'amaso (blepharitis).
• Ku mboni y'uruhu hagaragara ikizinga cy'umweru cyangwa imvi . Ariko, iki kintu ntikigaragara buri gihe inyuma. Nubwo cyaba kigaragara, rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugorana kugitahura nta bikoresho byihariye.

Niba ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso, ni byiza kubonana n'umuganga w'amaso vuba bishoboka.

Kuki ibi bisebe byo mu maso bibaho? Ni izihe mpamvu?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutera ibisebe mu maso. Izi zishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri by'ingenzi: impamvu zandura n'izitari izandura .

Impamvu ziterwa n'ubwandu

Izi ni zo mpamvu zikunze kugaragara. Kwandura indwara ni igihe mikorobe zinjiye mu mubiri zigatera indwara. Ni kimwe no muri iki gihe.

• Bagiteri: Ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwa bagiteri zandura cornea ni `Pseudomonas` , `Staphylococcus` naBitwa 'Streptococcus'. Izi bagiteri zishobora kuboneka mu bidukikije. Ariko iyo hari agasebe gato cyangwa igikomere ku mboni yacu, zishobora kwinjiramo zigatera indwara.
• Tekereza ko wambaye indorerwamo z’amaso . Iyo utazisukuye neza, cyangwa ukazambara usinziriye, uba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura indwara za bagiteri.
• Virusi: Hari virusi zishobora gutera ibisebe mu maso. Urugero, virusi za herpes simplex (zitera ibicurane n'ibisebe mu myanya ndangagitsina) na virusi ya varicella-zoster ( itera inkoko n'ibisebe) ni zo zikomeye.
• Ibihumyo: Kwandura ibihumyo bishobora kubaho iyo ikintu kigukoze mu maso, cyane cyane iyo uri mu busitani cyangwa ukorera ku bimera cyangwa ubutaka. Ubwoko bw'ibihumyo bw'ingenzi ni Aspergillus na Candida . Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye (bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe) bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura ibihumyo kuko imibiri yabo iba idashobora kurwanya ibyo byanduza.
• Udukoko: Acanthamoeba ni yo ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane itera ibisebe mu maso. Abantu bambara indorerwamo zo mu bwoko bwa contact lenses kandi boga (muri pisine cyangwa ahandi hantu hari amazi) bari mu kaga gakomeye. Ibi biterwa nuko udukoko twa Acanthamoeba dushobora kubaho mu gihe hari chlorine nkeya (nk'iyo muri pisine idasukuye neza). Tuboneka no mu mazi ya robine. Niyo mpamvu bigusaba kutazongera gukaraba cyangwa kubika indorerwamo zo mu bwoko bwa contact lenses mu mazi ya robine.

Izindi mpamvu zitari izandura

Ibisebe byo mu bwoko bwa cornea bishobora kugaragara nubwo nta bwandu bwabyo. Dore bimwe mu bintu bishobora kubitera:

• Ibikomere byo mu maso: Gutwika, gukomereka kw'ijisho , gucikagurika , no gutobora bishobora gutera ibisebe iyo bidakize neza. Ibi bikomere bishobora no kongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara z'amaso.
• Kugaragara mu maso: Niba ufite lagophthalmos , indwara ituma udashobora gufunga amaso yawe burundu, cornea yawe ishobora kwangirika kuko ihora ihura n'izuba. Kugaragara mu bushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa ubukonje nabyo bishobora kwangiza cornea yawe.
• Amaso yumye cyane: Amaso ashobora kuma cyane bitewe n'ikirere, indwara z'amaso, cyangwa byombi bivanze. Ibi bishobora kwangiza cornea no gutera ibisebe.
• Ingaruka z'uburozi: Izi ndwara zishobora kubaho iyo imiti imwe n'imwe y'uburozi yinjiye mu maso, cyangwa mu bihe bidasanzwe, bitewe n'imiti imwe n'imwe ufata.
• Ibibazo by'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri (Indwara z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri):Hari igihe ikibazo cy’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wacu gishobora gutera ububyimbirwe imbere mu jisho. Ubu bubyimbirwe bugabanya intege z’uturemangingo tw’ijisho kandi byongera ibyago byo kurwara ibisebe.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara iyi ndwara?

Umuntu wese ashobora kurwara ibisebe byo mu maso, ariko hari abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara ibisebe byo mu maso:

• Abantu bambara indorerwamo za contact lenses kenshi, cyane cyane abazambara igihe kirekire (ingaruka ziba nyinshi kurushaho iyo bazambaye basinziriye, niba bazambaye mu gihe cyo koga, cyangwa niba badasukuye neza).
• Abantu bafite cyangwa barigeze kugira ubwandu bwa virusi ya herpes simplex cyangwa virusi ya varicella-zoster ubu.
• Ku bafite amaso yumye.
• Ku bantu bafite ibibazo by’uburwayi bituma bigorana gufunga amaso yabo burundu (urugero, indwara nka 'Bell's palsy', itera imikorere mibi y’imitsi yo mu maso, cyangwa indwara nka 'Graves' disease', itera amaso kugaragara).
• Ku bakoresha cyangwa baherutse gukoresha ibitonyanga by'amaso birimo steroid .
• Ku bafite ikibazo cy'ijisho cyangwa ubushye .
• Ku bantu barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 .
• Ku babanje kubagwa amaso .
• Ku bafite izindi ndwara z'amaso, cyane cyane indwara z'amaso .

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa n'ibisebe byo mu maso?

Iyo igisebe cy'umuyoboro w'amazi kidavuwe neza, hashobora kubaho ingorane zitandukanye. Izi zirimo:

• Astigmatism cyangwa izindi mpinduka mu kureba.
• Indwara zo mu kanwa .
• Endophthalmitis, indwara ikomeye iri mu jisho.
• Indwara ya Glaucoma .
• Gutobora cyangwa gucika inkovu mu ruhu rw'inyuma.
• Guhinduka kw'ijisho ry'ijisho (RCEs) mu buryo butunguranye .
• Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba.

Niyo mpamvu tuvuga ko, niba ufite ibimenyetso nk'ibi, hita ubonana na muganga.

Ni gute wamenya neza igisebe cy'ijisho?

Kugira ngo bamenye niba ufite igisebe cy'ijisho, umuganga w'amaso cyangwa undi muganga azagukorera isuzuma ry'amaso . Ibi bibanda cyane ku ijosi kuruta isuzuma rusange ry'amaso.

Kimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi bakoresha muri ibi ni isuzuma ry'amatara . Ibi bituma bashobora gusuzuma neza cyane cornea.

Hari igihe muganga azagufata agace gato (swab culture) mu jisho ryawe.Umuti ushobora gufatwa woherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo upimwe. Ibi bivuze ko hafatwa agace gato k'amazi ava mu jisho agapimwa ubwoko bwa bagiteri zihari. Ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya ubwoko nyabwo bw'ubwandu butera igisebe. Mu gihe igisebe kidakira neza mu gihe cyo kuvurwa, muganga ashobora kandi gusaba ko hakorwa biopsy y'imboni . Ibi bikubiyemo gufata agace gato k'urugingo rw'imboni no kugapima.

Inzobere mu by'amaso izakubwira byinshi kuri ibi bizamini. Azasobanura kandi uko bikorwa, impamvu ari ingenzi, ndetse niba hari ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho nyuma yabyo.

Uvura gute ibisebe byo mu maso? Ese ibi bishobora gukira burundu?

Kubera ko hari impamvu nyinshi zitera ibisebe byo mu jisho, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura. Uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kuvura ni bwihariye, bivuze ko bukora ku mpamvu imwe gusa. Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura ni rusange, bivuze ko bufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso biterwa n'igisebe.

Dore bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu kuvura:

• Imiti:
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibisebe iterwa n'indwara za bagiteri itangwa. Hariho kandi imiti ivura ibisebe biterwa na virusi, fungi n'udukoko.
• Imiti nka corticosteroids ikunze gutangwa kugira ngo igabanye ibimenyetso by'ibisebe byo mu maso. Iyi igabanya ubushyuhe.
• Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kukwandikira imiti igabanya ububabare itari iya steroide (NSAIDs) , nka ibuprofen (Advil® cyangwa Motrin®). Iyi miti ishobora kugabanya ububabare no kubyimba.
• Umuganga w'amaso azakubwira byinshi kuri iyi miti n'uko wayikoresha (ibitonyanga, amavuta yo kwisiga, ibinini).
• Indorerwamo zo mu bwoko bwa scleral cyangwa indorerwamo zo mu bwoko bwa bande: Izi ni indorerwamo zidasanzwe zishyirwa ku jisho. Zirinda cornea kwangirika kurushaho kandi zigaha umwanya wo gukira.
• Tarsorrhaphy: Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bukubiyemo gufunga ijisho igihe kirekire. Kugira ngo ibi bishoboke, muganga ashobora kudoda amaso cyangwa agatera umuti nka onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®) kugira ngo ahagarike by'agateganyo imitsi igenzura amaso. Iyo ijisho rifunze, cornea iba ifite ahantu heza ho gukira.
• Kubagwa: Iyo ibisebe byo mu jisho bidakize hakoreshejwe imiti, kubagwa bishobora kuba ngombwa. Mu bihe bikomeye, guteranya jisho bishobora kuba ngombwa.

Bitewe n'uko urwaye, ubundi buryo bwo kuvura bushobora kuba ngombwa. Inzobere mu by'amaso irashobora kukugira inama nziza ku buryo bwo kuvura bukubereye n'ingaruka mbi bushobora gutera.

Ese ibisebe byo mu maso bishobora kwirindwa?

Nubwo ibisebe byo mu maso bidashobora kwirindwa 100% by'ibihe, hari byinshi dushobora gukora kugira ngo tugabanye ibyago byacu. Bimwe muri byo birimo:

• Ntugasinzira wambaye indorerwamo z'amaso. Kuryama wambaye indorerwamo z'amaso ni impamvu ikomeye itera ibisebe bikomeye byo mu maso.
• Ntugakoreshe indorerwamo z'amaso zirengeje igihe cyazo. Uko wambara indorerwamo zoroheje igihe kirekire, niko zishobora kwiyongeraho bagiteri. Indorerwamo z'amaso zikoreshwa buri munsi ni zo zitekanye cyane.
• Karaba intoki zawe kenshi cyangwa ukoreshe umuti wica udukoko. Niba intoki zawe zisa cyangwa zumva zanduye, zisukure n'isabune n'amazi. Cyangwa, koresha umuti wica udukoko ushingiye ku nzoga (nibura 60% by'inzoga).
• Ubwirinzi bw'amaso. Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda imvune z'amaso ni ukurinda amaso yawe. Ambara indorerwamo z'umutekano zijyanye n'akazi ukora.
• Ntukigere usangiza abandi ikintu cyose kigukora ku maso. Ibi birimo ibintu nko kwisiga, gukaraba mu maso, n'udukapu tw'indorerwamo.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo igisebe cy'ijisho gikire? Ni ibihe byiringiro byo gukira?

Bitewe n'icyateye igisebe cy'ijisho, imiterere yacyo ishobora gutandukana cyane. Ibi bivuze ko igihe bifata kugira ngo gikire n'uburyo gikira gishobora gutandukana. Umuganga w'amaso ashobora kugusobanurira neza bitewe n'uko umerewe.

Bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mahirwe yo gukira ni ibi bikurikira:

• Ingano y'igisebe: Ibisebe binini akenshi bifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo bikire, kandi ibisubizo bishobora kuba bidatanga umusaruro.
• Impamvu: Ibisebe bivuka bitewe n'impamvu zimwe na zimwe biragoye kuvura no gukira.
• Aho ishyamba riherereye: Aho ishyamba riri muri Korneya nabyo bigira ingaruka ku bisubizo.
• Uburyo umurwayi yakira neza ubuvuzi: Iyo umurwayi yakiriye neza ubuvuzi, akenshi aba ari mwiza.

Igihe cyo gukira giterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye, bityo muganga wawe ni we wenyine ushobora kukubwira neza igihe bizamara bitewe n'uburwayi bwawe.

Nitwara nte?

Niba ufite igisebe cy'ijisho, ibintu by'ingenzi ushobora gukora ni ibi bikurikira:

• Kurikiza amabwiriza y'ubuvuzi ya muganga wawe neza. Ibyo bivuze ibintu byose uhereye ku buryo bwo gufata imiti yawe, uko wakoresha ijisho ryawe, n'uburyo bwo kwirinda.
• Menya neza ko ugiye kwa muganga ku minsi akubwira kuza. Uku gusura nyuma ni bwo buryo bwonyine muganga ashobora kubona uko igisebe kirimo gukira no guhindura uburyo bwo kuvura bibaye ngombwa.
• Niba ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose, vugana n'inzobere mu by'amaso.Niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso bishya, ufite ibibazo ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo gufata imiti yawe, wumva ko imiti yawe idakora, cyangwa ufite ibibazo by'ingaruka mbi zikomoka ku miti yawe, bwira muganga wawe . Bashobora kuguha uburyo bwo kugabanya ingaruka z'ibimenyetso byawe cyangwa guhindura uburyo bwo kuvura kugira ngo ingaruka mbi zihagarare.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya kwa muganga? / Ni ryari nkwiye gushaka inama z'abaganga?

Inzobere mu by'amaso izakubwira ibimenyetso ugomba kumubwira cyangwa ikagusaba inama kwa muganga niba ubyifite. Ibi bikunze kuba birimo ibintu nk'ibi:

• Niba ibimenyetso bikomeje kwiyongera nubwo wavuwe.
• Niba ufite ubushobozi bwo kumva urumuri rwinshi , cyane cyane niba rufite uburemere buhagije ku buryo rukubuza gukora imirimo ya buri munsi.
• Niba amaso yawe atangiye kugaragara nabi cyangwa amaso yawe akagabanuka.
• Niba ufite ububabare bukomeye mu maso .
• Iyo hari amazi menshi ava mu jisho .

Ni iki nabaza muganga w'amaso yanjye?

Ushobora kubaza abaganga b'amaso ibibazo nk'ibi bikurikira:

• Ni iyihe mpamvu itera igisebe cy'ijisho ryanjye?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura usaba?
• Nakora iki kugira ngo amaso yanjye akire?
• Ni ibihe bimenyetso nkwiye kuguhamagara?
• Ni ibihe bimenyetso ngomba gushaka ubuvuzi bwihutirwa?
• Ni ibihe byiringiro byo gukira bitewe n'uburwayi bwanjye? Ni iki nakora kugira ngo ngere ku musaruro mwiza?

Ni gute kwambara indorerwamo z'amaso byongera ibyago byo kurwara igisebe cy'ijisho?

Iyo wambaye lenseri zo mu maso igihe kirekire, ingano ya ogisijeni igera mu maso iragabanuka. Nanone, iyo ushyize lenseri mu jisho, bagiteri zishobora kwinjira muri lenseri zivuye mu ntoki zawe cyangwa mu bisubizo bitasukuwe neza maze zigafatirwa munsi y’lenseri. Ibi bintu byongera ibyago byo kwandura kandi bishobora gutera igisebe mu maso.

Umuntu wambaye indorerwamo z'amaso afite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara igisebe cy'ijisho inshuro 10 kurusha umuntu utazambara. Umuntu uryama afite indorerwamo z'amaso afite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara igisebe inshuro 100 kurusha umuntu utazambara! Tekereza ukuntu ibyo ari akaga.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo gushwanyagurika kw'ijisho ry'umugongo n'igisebe cy'ijisho ry'umugongo?

• Gukomeretsa cornea ni ugucika cyangwa kwangirika kw'imboni yawe. Ubu bwoko bw'ibikomere byo mu mboni busanzwe bukira ubwabwo.
• Igisebe cyo mu maso ni igisebe gifunguye ku maso yawe. Igisebe cyo mu maso gishobora guterwa n'ubwandu, amaso yumye, n'izindi ndwara. Muri make, gukubitwa ni igikomere cyo hejuru, mu gihe igisebe ari igisebe cyimbitse gifite ipfundo ry'imitsi.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'igisebe cy'inyuma n'ikibyimba cya keratite?

Izi ndwara zombi z'amaso zifitanye isano rya hafi.

• Igisebe cyo mu maso ni igikomere gifunguye - gutakaza uturemangingo tw'amaso - gikunze kubaho bitewe n'indwara y'amaso.
• Keratite ni ijambo rusange risobanura itsinda ry'indwara zitera kubyimba kw'ijisho ryawe. Kwandura indwara z'amaso, gukomereka, no kwambara indorerwamo z'amaso igihe kirekire - bimwe mu bintu bishobora gutera ibisebe by'ijisho - nabyo bishobora gutera keratite. Iyo keratite ibaye ikomeye, ishobora gutera igisebe cy'ijisho.

Izi ndwara zombi zishobora gutera ububabare bwo kutabona neza.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Igisebe cyo mu maso ni ikibazo gikomeye mu buryo bushobora guteza akaga mu maso. Ndetse n'igikomere gito mu jisho gishobora gutera igisebe cyo mu maso. Niba ubona ko ufite ibimenyetso by'igisebe cyo mu maso, jya kwa muganga w'amaso ako kanya. Bazagusuzuma, bagusuzume, hanyuma batangire kuvurwa.

Niba wambaye indorerwamo z'amaso (contact lenses), menya neza uburyo bwo kuzishyiramo, kuzisukura no kuzibika neza . Itsinda ryawe ryita ku maso rishobora kukwigisha ubu buryo bukwiye no gusubiza ibindi bibazo byose ushobora kuba ufite.

Wibuke ko amaso yawe afite agaciro gakomeye. Rero, uyafate neza. Ntugafate ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose nk'ikintu cy'agaciro, ndetse n'amato cyane!

Igisebe cyo mu maso, igikomere cy'ijisho, ubwandu bw'amaso, indorerwamo z'amaso, gutukura kw'amaso, kutabona neza