Ese wibuka ubwoba bw'icyorezo cya COVID mu ntangiriro za 2020? Igihe aho gukaraba intoki n'imiti yo gusukura intoki byari hose, kandi abantu bagatinya no gukora ku rugi? Twese twatekerezaga ko iyi ndwara yakwirakwizwa gusa n'umuntu ukorora, witsamuye, cyangwa ukora ku kintu cyari gifite virusi. Ariko, ikintu gito cyahinduye imyizerere yacu yose ya mbere. Ni cyo tuvuga uyu munsi.
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Igikorwa cyahinduye byose
Ibi byabaye muri Werurwe 2020, i Washington, muri Amerika. Abaririmbyi 61 b'itsinda ry'abaririmbyi ryitwaga 'Skagit Valley Chorale' bifatanyije mu myitozo yamaze amasaha abiri n'igice. Bakurikije amabwiriza yose y'ubuzima icyo gihe. Nta muntu n'umwe wakoze ku wundi, bagumanye intera ya metero ebyiri, kandi bakoresheje umuti wica udukoko mu ntoki neza.
Ariko igitangaje ni uko mu byumweru bike, 52 muri abo bantu 61 bari bamaze kwandura COVID-19! Benshi byabaye ngombwa ko bajyanwa mu bitaro, kandi ku bw'amahirwe make babiri barapfa.
Abahanga mu bya siyansi babanje gutungurwa. Buri wese yibajije ati “Ibi byagenze bite?” Bari kure cyane, ntibakora ku bandi, none se ni gute abantu benshi barwaye icyarimwe?
Ni bwo umuhanga mu bya siyansi yavuze ati: "Hari ikintu kimwe gusa abantu bose bari muri icyo cyumba basangiye. Icyo cyari umwuka ," kandi "Nta gushidikanya ko indwara yakwirakwiriye muri uwo mwuka."
Iki gikorwa cyari ingenzi cyane cyahinduye byinshi mu byo twatekerezaga ku cyorezo cya Covid.
None se, tumaze igihe kinini dutekereza nabi? Igitekerezo cya kera cy' 'igitonyanga'
Mu by’ukuri, mu myaka ijana ishize cyangwa irenga, abahanga mu by’ubuzima bemezaga ko indwara z’ubuhumekero nk’ibicurane na grippe zandurira ahanini mu bitonyanga binini kandi biremereye. Muri make, ibitonyanga by’amacandwe birekurwa iyo umuntu akorora cyangwa yitsamuye.
Dukurikije iyi myumvire, indwara ikura iyo:
- Ugomba kuguma hafi cyane iyo umurwayi akorora cyangwa yitsamuye.
- Cyangwa, ushobora kurwara uramutse ukoze ku kintu (nk'ameza cyangwa ifuru y'urugi) gifite ibitonyanga binini hanyuma ugakora ku mazuru yawe, ku munwa, cyangwa ku maso yawe ukoresheje icyo kiganza kimwe.
Iyi myizerere ya kera (Droplet Dogma) ni yo mpamvu twagiriwe inama yo gukomeza intera ya metero 1.5 no guhanagura byose ukoresheje umuti wica udukoko mu minsi ya mbere ya Covid.
Ariko ibyabaye kuri iyo korali, abahanga mu bya siyansi babonye ko hari inenge ikomeye muri iyi nkuru ahantu runaka. Hagomba kuba hari uburyo burambuye bwo gukwirakwiza iyi ndwara.
'Igitonyanga' na 'aerosol' - itandukaniro ni irihe?
Aha niho tubonera ijambo rishya - 'aerosol'. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kubyumva. Tekereza ku icupa ritera umuti. Iyo uritera umuti, ibitonyanga binini by'amazi bigwa hasi, kandi hari n'uduce duto tw'amazi tutagaragara tugenda mu kirere, nk'igihu, si byo se? Uko ni ko bimeze.
'Amatonyanga' ameze nk'ayo matonyanga manini. 'Aerosol' ameze nk'utwo duce duto tuguruka mu kirere.
Reka turebe itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibyo byombi muri ubu buryo.
| Ikiranga | Ibitonyanga binini (Ibitonyanga) | Uduce duto cyane (Aerosols) |
|---|---|---|
| Ingano | Ni nini cyane (nubwo itagaragara n'amaso) | Nto cyane (nk'umwotsi) |
| Ingaruka ku buremere | Igwa hasi vuba (mu masegonda make/iminota mike) bitewe n'uburemere bwayo. | Kubera ko ari ubworoheje cyane, ishobora kureremba mu kirere mu gihe cy'iminota, wenda amasaha. |
| Intera y'urugendo | Intera ngufi (hafi metero 1-2). | Bishobora no gukwirakwira mu cyumba cyose. |
| Uburyo ikwirakwira | Mu kwinjira mu mubiri mu buryo butaziguye iyo umuntu akorora cyangwa yitsamuye hafi aho. | Iyo umuntu urwaye iyi virusi ahumeka, avuga cyangwa aririmba, ijya mu kirere igahumeka. |
Ubwo abari muri iyo korali baririmbaga, utwo duce duto (aerosols) twavaga mu mwuka wabo.Icyumba cyose kigomba kuba cyuzuye umwuka. Nubwo bari kure cyane, bose bahumekaga umwuka umwe, bityo hafi ya bose bararwaraga. Ibi byitwa kohereza umwuka mu kirere .
Uburyo ubumenyi bushya bwahinduye ubuzima bwacu
Ubwo buvumbuzi, uburyo twakoresheje mu kurwanya icyorezo bwarahindutse burundu.
Kuva ku guhanagura ahantu kugeza ku gutekereza ku mwuka
Mbere na mbere, twatekerezaga ko guhanagura hasi, ameza, n'ibifunga by'inzugi ari cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Ariko nyuma yo kubona ko ari mu kirere, twamenye ko hari ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi kurushaho. Kandi icyo ni uguhumeka neza.
Mu magambo make, gukomeza gufungura inzugi n'amadirishya no gukoresha icyuma gishyushya umwuka bigabanya ubwinshi bw'udukoko twa virusi ahantu hamwe.
Agaciro nyakuri k'agapfukamunwa
Mbere na mbere, udupfukamunwa twambarwaga kugira ngo duhagarike uduce duto twakororaga. Ariko nyuma byaje kugaragara ko agapfukamunwa keza nka N95 gashobora gushungura ndetse n'utu duce duto twa virusi (aerosols) tugenda mu kirere. Kubwibyo, akamaro ka gapfukamunwa kariyongereye cyane.
Ubu bumenyi buzadufasha cyane kwirinda Covid gusa, ahubwo no kwirinda icyorezo cy’indwara z’ubuhumekero mu gihe kizaza.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero nka COVID-19 zishobora kwanduzwa binyuze mu bitonyanga binini bisohoka iyo umuntu akoroye, ndetse no mu duce duto cyane (aerosols) tureremba mu kirere iyo avuga cyangwa ahumeka.
- Ingaruka zo gukwirakwiza virusi ziba nyinshi mu myanya ifunze (ibyumba, amabisi). Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kugira umwuka mwiza wo guhumeka , bivuze ko amadirishya afunguye.
- Kwambara udupfukamunwa bifasha mu kurinda ibitonyanga binini ndetse n'uduce duto two mu kirere.
- Siyansi ntabwo ihagaze. Ubumenyi bwacu n'uburyo dusobanukirwa birahinduka uko ibimenyetso bishya biboneka. Icyorezo ni urugero rwiza rw'ibyo.
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