Hari iminsi wumva umeze nabi cyane, umubiri wawe ukababara, umutwe wawe ukaremererwa, kandi ukagira umuriro. Ushobora kwibaza niba ibi ari ibicurane gusa, cyangwa ibicurane abantu bose bavuga, cyangwa indi ndwara. Mu by'ukuri, ibicurane byose si bimwe. Hari ubwoko bumwe bwa grippe bushobora kugutera kurwara cyane, mu gihe ubundi ari ibisanzwe kandi bigakira. Reka tubiganireho neza kandi mu buryo bworoshye uyu munsi.
Mu by'ukuri ibicurane ni iki?
Muri make, ibicurane ni indwara yandura mu buryo bw'ubuhumekero, iterwa n'itsinda rya virusi zitwa grippe. Ibi bishobora gutera ibimenyetso nko kubabara umubiri, kubabara imitsi, kuribwa umutwe, n'umuriro .
Ubusanzwe, iyo umuntu aruhutse bihagije kandi akanywa amazi menshi (amazi, igikoma, isupu), ibi bimenyetso biragabanuka mu minsi ine kugeza kuri irindwi. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye, iyi ndwara ishobora gukomera ikaba yanatera indwara zikomeye nka pneumonia , ndetse rimwe na rimwe ikaba yanahitana abantu. Kubwibyo, si byiza gufata ibicurane mu buryo bworoshye.
Ibicurane, ibicurane, na COVID-19: Ntubivange!
Izi ndwara eshatu rimwe na rimwe zirayoberana kuko zifite ibimenyetso bisa. Ariko hari itandukaniro rigaragara hagati yazo. Reka turebe iryo tandukaniro.
| Ibimenyetso | Ibicurane | Ibicurane bisanzwe | Covid-19 (COVID-19) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Umuvuduko w'itangira ry'ibimenyetso | Bitangira mu buryo butunguranye, butunguranye . | Ibimenyetso byiyongera buhoro buhoro kandi buhoro buhoro . | Bishobora kubaho buhoro buhoro cyangwa mu buryo butunguranye. |
| Umuriro | Akenshi habaho umuriro mwinshi. | Ni gake cyane, nubwo byaza, biba ari umuriro wo hasi. | Akenshi bizana n'umuriro. |
| Ububabare bw'umubiri | Bisa nkaho bifunganye cyane . Ni ibisanzwe. | Wenda, ariko ntabwo bigoye cyane. | Akenshi yumva. |
| Umunaniro/umunaniro | Bisa nkaho bifunganye cyane . | Akenshi ni hasi. | Akenshi wumva ufunze. |
| Kuziba izuru/izuru rivamo amazi | bishobora kuba. | Birashoboka ko hari. | bishobora kuba. |
| Kubura uburyohe n'impumuro | Gake cyane. | Gake cyane. | Kugaragara kenshi . |
Icy'ingenzi ni uko ibi bimenyetso byonyine bidashobora gusuzuma indwara neza 100%. Niba ufite gushidikanya, icyiza wakora ni ukujya kwa muganga no kugisha inama.
Virusi ya grippe yandura ite?
Virusi ya grippe yinjira mu mibiri yacu inyuze mu ruhu rw'umuyoboro mu mazuru, mu maso cyangwa mu kanwa. Urugero, iyo umuntu urwaye grippe akorora, yitsamuye, cyangwa avuga, udutonyanga duto tuva mu kanwa no mu mazuru ye turekurwa tukajya mu bidukikije. Utwo dutonyanga tuba tugizwe na virus.
Iyo uri ahantu nk'aho, ibyo bitonyanga bishobora kwinjira mu mazuru yawe, mu kanwa no mu maso. Cyangwa, iyo ukoze ku kintu (ameza, umupfundikizo w'urugi) kirimo virusi hanyuma ugakora ku maso yawe ukoresheje icyo kiganza, virusi ishobora kwinjira mu mubiri wawe.
Niyo mpamvu buri gihe bibaGukaraba intoki neza n'isabune n'amazi ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda izi ndwara. Niba urwaye ibicurane, gukaraba intoki zawe nyuma yo gukora ku maso, mu mazuru, cyangwa mu kanwa bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kwanduza abandi indwara.
Ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ibicurane duhura nabyo
Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bwa virusi zitera ibicurane zifata abantu: A, B, na C.
Grippe A
Uyu ni we mugome ukomeye kurusha abandi. Ubwoko bw'iyi virusi ni bwo butera icyorezo gikomeye cyane. Ikintu cyihariye kuri iyi virusi ni uko ishobora kwanduza abantu gusa, ahubwo no ku nyamaswa nk'inyoni n'ingurube. Nanone, iyi virusi ihora ihindura imiterere yayo (ihinduka) . Niyo mpamvu hafi buri mwaka havuka umuraba mushya w'ibicurane.
Grippe B
Iyi virusi ikwirakwira mu bantu gusa . Nubwo idatera icyorezo gikomeye nk'ubwoko bwa A, ubwoko bwa B bushobora gutuma urwara cyane. Ubusanzwe, ubwoko bwa A n'ubwoko bwa B ni byo bitera indwara y'ibicurane iza buri mwaka.
Grippe C
Iyi ni indwara yoroheje cyane. Ibimenyetso bisa n'iby'ibicurane bisanzwe. Kandi ntabwo bitera indwara zikomeye.
(Uretse ubwo bwoko butatu, hari n'ubwoko bwitwa grippe D, ariko yibasira inyamaswa nk'inka gusa. Ntibiratangazwa ko yanduza abantu.)
Kuki tugomba kubona urukingo rw'ibicurane buri mwaka?
Ushobora kuba wibaza uti "Kuki dukeneye kubona uru rukingo buri mwaka?" Impamvu ni uko ubwoko bwa virusi A na B twavuze mbere buhora buhindura imiterere yazo, nko guhindura isura yazo.
Bityo rero, urukingo rw'umwaka ushize rushobora kuba rudakwiriye ubwoko bushya bwa virusi buri gusohoka muri uyu mwaka. Abahanga mu bya siyansi biga virusi zikwirakwira ku isi buri mwaka kandi bagateganya ubwoko bwa virusi bushobora kugira akamaro muri uwo mwaka mu gukora urukingo rushya .
Ubusanzwe, nyuma y'ibyumweru bibiri uhawe uru rukingo, umubiri wawe ukora ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bushobora kurwanya virusi ya grippe.
Ni iki 'Ibicurane by'inyoni' abantu bose bavugaho?
Ibicurane by'inyoni, cyangwa ibicurane by'inyoni, ni indwara yibasira inyoni iterwa n'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa virusi ya grippe A (urugero: `H5N1`, `H7N9`). Ariko, ntabwo ishobora kwanduzwa abantu gake cyane.
Icy'ingenzi: Ibicurane by'inyoni byandurira mu bantu binyuze mu gukora ku buryo butaziguye ibintu biva mu macandwe n'amase y'inyoni yanduye cyangwa indi nyamaswa (byatangajwe vuba aha ko biva mu nka). Ibi bivuze ko abantu bakora mu mazu y'inkoko n'ubworozi bw'amatungo akenshi baba bari mu kaga gakomeye. Ntabwo byoroshye kwandurira mu bantu.
Ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi ni uko udashobora kwandura ibicurane by'inyoni ukoresheje inkoko, igitambara, cyangwa amagi byatetse neza, kuko ubushyuhe bwinshi buca burundu virusi.
Ibimenyetso by'ibicurane by'inyoni bishobora kuba birimo umuriro, inkorora, kubabara umubiri, no gutukura amaso (conjunctivitis). Urukingo rusanzwe rw'ibicurane ntirurinda ibicurane by'inyoni, kandi hari urukingo rwihariye rwabyo.
Niba ufite ibimenyetso bisa n'ibicurane kandi ukaba uherutse kuba hafi y'inkoko, inyoni, cyangwa inka zirwaye, bimenyeshe muganga ako kanya .
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Ibicurane ni indwara yo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero iterwa na virusi ya grippe. Ishobora kuba ikomeye kurusha ibicurane bisanzwe.
- Nubwo ibimenyetso by'ibicurane, ibicurane, na COVID-19 bisa, hari itandukaniro rigaragara hagati yabyo.
- Gukaraba intoki zawe kenshi n'isabune no kwirinda gukora ku maso ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda virusi itera ibicurane.
- Kubera ko virusi za grippe zihora zihinduka, kubona urukingo rwa grippe buri mwaka bishobora kukurinda ubwoko bw'ibyo bya grippe muri uwo mwaka.
- Niba ibimenyetso byawe by'ibicurane bitarakemuka mu minsi mike, ukagorwa no guhumeka, cyangwa ukumva umeze nabi kurushaho, menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga.
- Nta ngaruka zo kwandura ibicurane by'inyoni bitewe no kurya inyama n'amagi byatetse neza.
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