Niba urwaye diyabete, uzi neza uburyo ugomba kuyicunga. Hari ibintu byinshi ugomba gukora, nko kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe, kwita ku mirire yawe, no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri. Muri ibi byose, rimwe na rimwe dushobora kwibagirwa amaso yacu. Ariko kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye bishobora guterwa na diyabete ni ukubura amaso. Muri byo, indwara ikunze kugaragara kandi ishobora gutera impanuka mu maso ni diyabete irwaye indwara ya macular edema, cyangwa DME mu magambo ahinnye. Kumva iri zina bishobora gutera ubwoba. Ariko ntugahangayike. Niba wamenye neza ibi kandi ukavurwa mu gihe gikwiye, ushobora kurinda amaso yawe y'agaciro.
Mu magambo make, diyabete itera indwara ya DME (DME) ni iki?
Reka tuvuge dutya. Inyuma y'ijisho ryawe, hari agace gakomeye cyane gakora nk'agapira ka kamera. Tuyita retina . Amashusho tubona afatwa kuri iyi retina. Iyo urwaye diyabete, cyane cyane niba isukari mu maraso yawe idagenzurwa igihe kirekire, imiyoboro mito y'amaraso iri mu jisho ryawe itangira kwangirika. Nk'umuyoboro w'amazi ushaje, iyi miyoboro y'amaraso iracika intege igatangira kuva amaraso n'amazi. Iyi ndwara tuyita diyabete retinopathy .
Noneho, iyo aya mazi asohoka yikubise muri retina, atangira kubyimba. Hari igice cy'ingenzi cyane cya retina kidufasha kubona neza, hagati, cyitwa macula . Iyo ayo mazi asohoka yikubise muri macula ikabyimba, ni cyo twita Diabete Macular Edema (DME) . Iyo macula ibyimbye, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku kureba kwacu neza kandi neza.
Ese ufite ibimenyetso nk'ibi?
Ikibazo kimwe kuri DME ni uko rimwe na rimwe idagaragaza ibimenyetso mu ntangiriro. Ariko uko indwara igenda ikura, ushobora kubona ibintu nk'ibi:
- Kureba nabi: Iyo usoma igitabo, ureba televiziyo, cyangwa ureba isura y'umuntu, hagati mu ishusho haba hatagaragara neza kandi hatagaragara neza.
- Amashusho asa n'aho arambuye cyangwa azunguruka: Ndetse n'umurongo ugororotse ushobora kugaragara nk'umuraba.
- Amabara yazimye: Amabara asa n'aho yatakaje urumuri n'uburangare, asa n'aho "yayogejwe."
Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, ntutinde . Shaka muganga wawe vuba bishoboka. Niba urwaye diyabete, ni ngombwa ko wipimisha amaso nibura rimwe mu mwaka , nubwo nta bimenyetso ufite.
Ni gute umuganga asuzuma DME?
Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, abanza kukubaza ibibazo bike hanyuma akagupima amaso.
Ibibazo byo kubaza muganga
- Ese hari impinduka wabonye mu cyerekezo cyawe vuba aha?
- Umaze igihe kingana iki urwaye diyabete? Hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe uyirwaye?
- Isukari yawe mu maraso n'urugero rwa A1c bimeze bite?
- Ese ufite umuvuduko w'amaraso ukabije cyangwa cholesterol nyinshi?
- Ese hari izindi ndwara?
Nyuma y'ibyo, ibi bizamini bikorerwa cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gusuzuma amaso.
| Izina ry'ikizamini | Mu magambo make, ibi ubikora ute? |
|---|---|
| Ikizamini cy'ubuhanga bwo kureba | Iki ni ikizamini cyo kureba gusoma twese tuzi. Gipima uburyo ushobora kubona neza ku ntera zitandukanye. |
| Isuzuma ry'amaso rikozwe mu buryo bwa "Dilated Eye Suzumation" | Muganga azagushyira ibitonyanga mu jisho kugira ngo wongere umwobo w'umukara uri mu jisho ryawe. Hanyuma, akoresheje igikoresho cyihariye, bazareba imbere mu jisho ryawe kugira ngo barebe uko retina yawe imeze, niba hari amazi ava mu mitsi y'amaraso, ndetse niba hari ikibyimba. |
| Isuzuma rya Fluorescein Angiogram (FA) | Iki ni ikizamini cyihariye. Irangi ryihariye riterwa mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe. Uko irangi rinyura mu mitsi y'amaraso iri mu jisho ryawe, kamera yihariye ifata amafoto. Ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya aho imitsi y'amaraso iva. |
| Tomografia y'Ubushobozi bwo Guhuza Ishusho (OCT) | Ibi ni nko gupima imbere mu jisho. Kamera yihariye ifata ifoto y'igice cya retina. Ibi bishobora gupima neza ingano y'ububyimbe buri mu maso n'ingano y'amazi yakusanyije. |
Nyuma y'ibi bizamini, muganga azasuzuma niba ufite DME n'uburemere bwayo.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura DME?
Ku bw'amahirwe, ubu hari uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura DME. Muganga wawe azagusaba uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura bitewe n'uburwayi bwawe.1. Inshinge zo kurwanya VEGF
Ubu ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi kandi bwiza cyane bwo kuvura buboneka muri iki gihe. VEGF ni poroteyine ifasha imiyoboro mishya y'amaraso kandi ifite intege nke gukora mu maso yacu. Izi nshinge zibuza iyo poroteyine ya VEGF. Ibi bibuza imiyoboro mishya y'amaraso gukora ndetse n'amazi ava mu miyoboro isanzwe kuva. Izi nshinge zishyirwa mu jisho mu buryo butaziguye. Nubwo bishobora kumvikana nk'aho biteye ubwoba gato, bitera impumuro ku jisho kugira ngo ritababaza cyane. Imiti ikoreshwa cyane ni iyi:
- Aflibercept (Eylea)
- Bevacizumab (Avastin)
- Ranibizumab (Lucentis)
- Faricimab-svoa (Vabysmo) - Uyu ni umuti mushya ubuza poroteyine za VEGF na Ang-2.
2. Ubuvuzi bwa Laser (Laser Photocoagulation)
Iyo indwara ikomeye cyane, imiyoboro ya laser ikoreshwa mu "gufunga" cyangwa gutwika imiyoboro y'amaraso irimo kuva. Ibi bishobora gufasha mu kugabanya kubyimba. Ushobora gukenera kuvurwa inshuro nyinshi.
3. Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura
Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, hakoreshwa inshinge za steroid. Nanone, iyo amazi ari mu jisho (vitreous humor) ava amaraso bigatuma atabona neza, igikorwa cyo kubaga cyitwa vitrectomy gikorwa kugira ngo amazi akurweho hanyuma hagasimbuzwa umuti usobanutse neza.
Ibintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo wite ku buzima bwawe
Uretse imiti muganga wawe aguha, hari byinshi ushobora gukora ubwawe. Gukora ibi bintu neza bishobora gufasha kwirinda ko indwara irushaho kuba mbi.
- Kugenzura diyabete yawe: Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Komeza urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe, umuvuduko w'amaraso, na cholesterol ku rugero rwiza rwanditswe na muganga wawe. Fata imiti wanditswe neza nk'uko wanditswe.
- Ubuzima bwiza: Kurya indyo yuzuye, kugenzura ibiro byawe, no gukora siporo buri munsi. Vugana na muganga wawe kuri ibi hanyuma ushake gahunda ikubereye.
- Ntugasimbuke ibizamini by'amaso: Ntugatinde kwipimisha amaso yawe kuko ubona nta kibazo kirimo. Muganga wawe azashaka kukubona buri gihe kugira ngo arebe uburyo ubuvuzi bwawe bukora neza kandi arebe n'ibindi bibazo byose.
- Tekereza ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe: Ni ibisanzwe kumva ubabaye kandi uhangayitse iyo ufite ibibazo byo kutabona. Ganira n'umuryango wawe, inshuti wizeye, cyangwa muganga wawe uko wiyumva. Shaka ubufasha ku mujyanama w'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe niba bibaye ngombwa.
Wibuke ko DME ari indwara irinda amaso iyo ibonetse hakiri kare kandi ikavurwa neza. Ntutinye rero, hangana nayo ubigiranye ubutwari.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Niba urwaye diyabete, kugabanya isukari mu maraso yawe, umuvuduko w'amaraso, na cholesterol ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kurinda amaso yawe.
- Nubwo nta bimenyetso ufite, menya neza ko ugomba kwisuzumisha amaso yawe byibuze rimwe mu mwaka.
- Niba ubonye ibimenyetso nko kutabona neza, amashusho adasobanutse, cyangwa amabara adasobanutse, hita ubonana na muganga.
- Ubu hari uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kuvura DME (inshinge zo kurwanya VEGF, lasers). Uko ubuvuzi butangira kare, niko amahirwe yo kubungabunga amaso aba menshi.
- Ntabwo uri wenyine muri uru rugendo. Shaka ubufasha kwa muganga wawe, umuryango wawe n'inshuti zawe.
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Kwipimisha kanseri y'ibere, kwisuzuma no kwirinda byakozwe byoroshye. Kanseri y'ibihaha
Ishyirireho intego ya calorie hanyuma ubare itariki yo kugabanya ibiro.