Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, rimwe na rimwe uhabwa imiti utarigeze wumva, si byo se? Ibi akenshi bishobora gutera amatsiko cyangwa se guhangayika gato, cyane cyane iyo bigeze ku miti ivura indwara zo mu mutwe. Uyu munsi, tugiye kuvuga ku bwoko bw'imiti bugoye ariko bw'ingenzi: Dopamine Antagonists. Ntugatinye izina; reka tubice mu magambo yoroshye.
Abarwanya Dopamine ni iki mu by'ukuri?
Mbere yo kwibanda ku kintu runaka, tugomba gusobanukirwa icyo "dopamine" ari cyo. Muri make, dopamine ni ubutumwa bw'ibinyabutabire mu bwonko bwawe, buzwi mu buvuzi nka neurotransmitter . Tekereza ko ari uburyo uturemangingo tw'ubwonko bwawe dukoresha kugira ngo twohereze ubutumwa hagati yabwo.
Uturemangingo tw’ubwonko bwawe dufite "receptors" zihariye zikora nk’ingufuri, kandi dopamine ikora nk’urufunguzo rukwira neza muri izo ngufuri. Iyo urufunguzo (dopamine) rwinjiye mu ngufuri (receptor), rutuma selile ikora.
Noneho, dore igice cy'ubwenge: umurwanya dopamine akora nk'urufunguzo rwacitse. Yinjira mu mfuruka ariko ntakoreshe ingirabuzimafatizo. Mu gufata uwo mwanya, bibuza urufunguzo nyarwo—dopamine—gufatana, bityo bikabuza ingaruka zarwo.
Muri make, iyi miti ifasha kugenzura imikorere ya dopamine mu bwonko bwawe kugeza ku rwego rwiza. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe aho urugero rwa dopamine rurushaho kuba rwinshi, iyi ngaruka ni ingenzi cyane.
Ni ibihe bibazo iyi miti ikoreshwa?
Imiti irwanya dopamine muri rusange igabanywa mu byiciro bibiri by'ingenzi:
1. Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe: Iyi ni yo ikoreshwa cyane.
2. Imiti igabanya ububabare (ivura isesemi no kuruka): Imiti imwe n'imwe ikoreshwa mu buryo bwombi.
Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe
Iyi miti ni ingenzi cyane mu kuvura indwara zikurikira:
- Schizophrenia n'ibindi bibazo byo mu mutwe bifitanye isano
- Indwara ya Bipolar
- Indwara yo kwiheba
- Ubuhubutsi
- Indwara ikomeye yo kwiheba (iyo umuntu afite cyangwa adafite imiterere yo mu mutwe)
- Guhungabana gukabije
- Indwara zo mu mutwe ziterwa no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge
Indwara zo kurwanya isesemi (Kuvura isesemi no kuruka)
Nubwo bamwe bashobora kubona kuruka no kugira isesemi nk'ingorane nto, hari aho bishobora kuba bikomeye. Urugero, iyi miti ni ingenzi mu kuvura isesemi ikomeye ijyanye na chimiotherapie ku barwayi ba kanseri. Ikoreshwa kandi mu gukumira isesemi no kuruka biterwa n'ikinya nyuma yo kubagwa.
| Itsinda ry'ibiyobyabwenge | Ingero Zisanzwe |
|---|---|
| Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe (zisanzwe) zo mu gisekuru cya mbere | Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine, Fluphenazine |
| Indwara zo mu mutwe zo mu gisekuru cya kabiri (Atypical) | Olanzapine, Risperidone, Quetiapine, Aripiprazole, Clozapine |
| Imiti igabanya ububabare | Metoclopramide, Prochlorperazine, Domperidone |
Icy'ingenzi: Izi ni ingero gusa. Umuganga wawe ni we wenyine wujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo amenye umuti ukubereye.
Ni izihe nyungu z'iyi miti?
Iyi miti ihindura ubuzima bw'abantu benshi bavura indwara zo mu mutwe, ikabaha ubuzima bwiza kandi bwigenga. Iyo idafite iyo miti, bamwe mu barwayi bashobora gukenera kwitabwaho mu bitaro igihe kirekire. Iyi miti igira uruhare runini mu kurinda umutekano w'abarwayi no kubafasha kwishyira hamwe neza n'abandi.
Byongeye kandi, mu bihe nk'ubuvuzi bwa kanseri, kuruka cyane no guhora urwaye bishobora guteza akaga. Muri ibyo bihe, iyi miti ikora nk'umuti w'ingenzi.
Gusobanukirwa ingaruka mbi n'ingaruka mbi
Kimwe n'indi miti iyo ari yo yose, imiti irwanya dopamine ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi. Ibi biterwa n'umuti runaka, ingano yawo, n'ubuzima bwawe bwite. Niba ugize ingaruka mbi, ntuhagarike imiti yawe wenyine; hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya.
| Ingaruka zishobora kubaho | Ibisobanuro bigufi |
|---|---|
| Gutuza | Uburyo busanzwe bwo kubyitwaramo; ushobora kumva unaniwe cyangwa usinziriye bidasanzwe. |
| Ibibazo by'ingendo | Harimo kutagira ituze ry'imbere (Akathisia), gufunga imitsi bidakozwe ku bushake (Dystonia), cyangwa gukora ingendo zo mu maso/umubiri mu gihe kirekire (Tardive dyskinesia). |
| Umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi | Kumva ufite umutwe urembye cyangwa unaniwe, cyane cyane iyo uhagaze utunguranye (Orthostatic hypotension). |
| Impinduka mu misemburo | Ubwiyongere bwa prolactine bushobora gutera imihango idahoraho cyangwa kuva amaraso mu ibere bidasanzwe. |
| Indwara y'indwara y'imitsi itera indwara ya Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome | Ikibazo kidasanzwe ariko gishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Niba ugize umuriro mwinshi, imitsi ikomereye, cyangwa urujijo, shaka ubuvuzi bwihutirwa mu bitaro vuba. |
Ese nshobora gutwara imodoka ndimo gufata iyi miti?
Antagonists nyinshi za dopamine zishobora gutera gusinzira cyangwa kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gutekereza neza. Ni byiza kwirinda gutwara imodoka cyangwa gukoresha imashini mu gihe utangiye iyi miti cyangwa niba ingano yayo yahinduwe. Uburyo bwiza ni ukuganira na muganga wawe no gukurikiza amabwiriza ye bwite.
Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe (Nirogi Lanka)
- Imiti irwanya dopamine ni imiti y'ingenzi ibuza ingaruka za dopamine mu bwonko mu kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe n'isesemi rikomeye.
- Iyi miti ifasha abantu benshi kugira ubuzima bwiza kandi busanzwe.
- Kimwe n'indi miti yose, ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho, cyane cyane kuruhuka no kujyana n'indi miti.
- Ntukigere uhagarika cyangwa ngo uhindure igipimo cyawe utabanje gukorerwa igenzura na muganga, kuko bishobora guteza akaga.
- Niba ubonye ingaruka mbi, vugana na muganga wawe nta guhisha; ingaruka mbi nyinshi zishobora gukemurwa neza.
- Buri gihe menyesha muganga wawe indi miti iyo ari yo yose ufata.
Abarwanya Dopamine, Ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, Kuruka, Isesemi, Schizophrenia, kurwanya indwara zo mu mutwe, kurwanya emetic, Ingaruka mbi ku miti, Nirogi Lanka
