Reka tumenye ibintu bidasanzwe ku mubiri wawe? (Dysplastic Nevus / Atypical Moles)

Ese wigeze uhangayikishwa n'uduheri ku mubiri wawe? Ushobora kuba warabonye ko uduheri tumwe na tumwe dutandukanye n'utundi, tunini, dufite ibara ritandukanye, kandi nta ishusho tugira. Ibyo nibyo tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi. Tubyita 'uduheri tudasanzwe' cyangwa tuzwi mu buvuzi nka `(Dysplastic Nevus)`. Ntugahangayike, tuzabivugaho mu buryo bworoshye kandi mu buryo ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Utu duce ni iki? Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'utu duce dusanzwe n'utundi duce tudasanzwe?

Reka tubanze turebe icyo imisemburo ari cyo. Hari ubwoko bwihariye bw'uturemangingo dutanga ibara ku ruhu rwacu, bitwa melanocytes . Imisemburo ibaho iyo izi melanocytes ziteraniye ahantu hamwe. Mu buvuzi, imisemburo yitwa nevus . Iyo imisemburo myinshi, yitwa nevi .

Abantu benshi bafite uduheri dusanzwe . Ni ibisanzwe ko umuntu mukuru ufite uruhu rwiza agira uduheri tugera kuri 40. Utwo duheri dusanzwe n'uduheri tudasanzwe tuvuga uyu munsi akenshi dutangira kugaragara mu bwana no mu bwangavu.

Noneho reka turebe icyo dysplastic nevus ari cyo, cyangwa indurwe idasanzwe . Mu magambo make, ni indurwe isa n'indurwe isanzwe. Ishobora kugira impande zitameze neza, amabara avanze, kandi ishobora kugaragara nk'inini kurusha izindi ndurwe.

Ijambo 'dysplastic' risobanura ko hari uturemangingo tudasanzwe mu mubiri. Ibi kandi byitwa dysplasia . Ariko ntugahangayike , utwo turemangingo tudasanzwe si kanseri, bivuze ko ari tudafite ingaruka mbi ( ntitugira kanseri). Ariko, rimwe na rimwe dushobora kuba kanseri. Niyo mpamvu ugomba guhangayikishwa n'ibi.

Ese koko hari ibyago byo kurwara kanseri?

Utu duce tudasanzwe turakunze kugaragara cyane kurusha uko wabitekereza. Nk’uko abahanga babivuga, umwe muri icumi muri Amerika afite nibura ahantu hamwe hadasanzwe. Bityo, iyi ndwara ishobora kugaragara muri Sri Lanka ku rugero runini cyangwa ruto.

Noneho ikibazo cy'ingenzi cyane: Ese iyi `(Dysplastic Nevus)` itera kanseri y'uruhu?

Mu by’ukuri, yego, hari ibyago. Niba ufite ubwoko nk'ubu bw’uduheri tudasanzwe, ibyago byawe byo kurwara kanseri y’uruhu ikomeye yitwa melanoma biri hejuru ugereranyije n’umuntu usanzwe. Uko uduheri tudasanzwe ubaho, ni ko ibyago byawe byo kurwara iyi kanseri byiyongera. Tekereza, umuntu ufite uduheri tudasanzwe 10 cyangwa turenga afite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara melanoma inshuro zigera kuri cumi n’ebyiri.

Ariko hari ikindi kintu. Si abantu bose bafite utudomo tudasanzwe bazarwara "Melanoma". Ibyo na byo ujye ubyibuka. Ntugahangayike bitari ngombwa.

Impuguke zivuga ko hafi umuntu umwe kuri bane barwaye melanoma atangirana n’ingirabuzimafatizo ya dysplastic nevus, ingirabuzimafatizo idasanzwe.

Ni ayahe mazina yandi y'iyi `(Dysplastic Nevus)`?

Iyo muganga wawe avuze kuri iyi `(Dysplastic Nevus)`, ushobora no gukoresha aya magambo:

• Imbeba idasanzwe
• Nevi ya Clark
• Indwara yo mu nda (iyi ni ubwoko bw'ikimenyetso cyo kuvuka)
• Spitz nevus

Kuki ibi bintu bidasanzwe bigaragara?

Impuguke ntiziramenya neza icyabitera, ariko bemeza ko ari uruvange rw'ibintu bigize imiterere y'umubiri (bivuze ko iyo umuntu wo mu muryango wawe abifite, nawe ushobora kubyandura) n'ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije (cyane cyane iyo umuntu ahuye n'urumuri rwa ultraviolet (UV) ruturuka ku zuba) .

Ni izihe nzira uyu muco wa ultraviolet unyuramo?

Twese tuzi ko izuba ari ryo soko nyamukuru ry’imirasire ya `(UV)`. Byongeye kandi, imirasire ya `(UV)` ikorwa mu buryo bw’ubukorano na:

• Amatara amwe ya halogen, incandescent, na fluorescent, ndetse n'amatara amwe ya laser.
• Amatara ya Mercure akoreshwa ahantu hanini nko muri sitade no muri siporo.
• Ibitanda byo gusiga ibara ry'izuba n'amatara y'izuba. Ugomba kwirinda ibi byose.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kugira ibi bintu bidasanzwe?

Mu by’ukuri, umuntu uwo ari we wese ashobora kugira ibi bintu bidasanzwe, hatitawe ku myaka ye, igitsina cye, cyangwa ibara ry’uruhu rwe. Kugira uruhu rwijimye ntibikurinda burundu kurwara ibi bintu cyangwa kanseri y’uruhu. Ariko ibyago byo kurwara bishobora kugabanuka ku rugero runaka.

Abantu bafite ibi bikurikira bashobora kugira ahantu hadasanzwe:

• Uruhu rwiza cyane, amabara y'uruhu, n'amaso n'umusatsi by'amabara yoroheje.
• Niba hari umuntu mu muryango ufite ibisebe bidasanzwe, kanseri y'uruhu, cyangwa melanoma.
• Niba warigeze kugira amateka yo kwibasirwa n'izuba rikabije no gutwikwa n'izuba, cyangwa niba udashobora kwisiga ibara ry'uruhu (bivuze ko uruhu rwawe ruhinduka umutuku ariko ntiruhinduke umukara iyo rushyizwe ku zuba).
• Niba ufite ubushobozi bwo kwiyongerera urumuri ku mirasire ya UV.

Ni gute wamenya aka gace kadasanzwe? Ni ibihe bintu biyiranga?

Ifu idasanzwe (Dysplastic Nevus) ishobora kugira kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi. Kugira ngo bigufashe kwibuka ibi, hari itegeko ryitwa itegeko rya ABCDE . Reka tubisobanukirwe mu rurimi rwa Sinhala:

• A - Imiterere idasa: Iyo ifuku igabanyijemo kabiri, ni ikintu kidasanzwe iyo idasa ku mpande zombi, bivuze ko uruhande rumwe rutandukanye n'urundi. Ifuku isanzwe ikunze kuba ifite imiterere ingana, bivuze ko ifite imiterere izengurutse cyangwa y’uruziga.
• B - Imbibi zidasobanutse neza: Niba impande z'ikiziba zidasobanutse neza, zitagaragara neza, cyangwa zigoye, zimeze nk'inkombe ku ikarita, icyo nacyo ni ikimenyetso cyo kureba. Impande z'ikiziba zisanzwe akenshi ziba zoroshye kandi zisobanutse.
• C - Amabara:Birateye amakenga kandi niba ibara ry'umukara ritari ibara rimwe, ariko rifite ibara rimwe cyangwa menshi avanze, nk'umutuku, umutuku, umukara wijimye, cyangwa umukara. Hari igihe rishobora no kumera nk'ibara ry'ubururu. Ibara risanzwe akenshi riba ibara rimwe ry'umukara.
• D - Ingano (Ubugari): Niba ifuku rinini kuruta ingano y'agasabo k'ikaramu (hafi santimetero 1/4, cyangwa milimetero 6), nabyo wiringire. Ariko, ifuku zimwe na zimwe zidasanzwe zishobora kuba ntoya kurusha iyi. Nanone, ifuku zimwe zisanzwe zishobora kuba nini kurusha iyi. Kubwibyo, ntushobora guhitamo ukurikije ingano yonyine, ugomba kuyireba hamwe n'ibindi biranga.
• E - Guhinduka: Iyo ingano, imiterere, cyangwa ibara ry'ikiziba rihindutse uko igihe kigenda, cyangwa niba ikiziba kiva amaraso, kiryana, kibabaza, cyangwa impinduka ku buso (urugero: ikiziba cyoroshye kiba kibi), icyo nacyo ni ikintu kigomba kwitabwaho rwose.

Byongeye kandi, ahantu hadasanzwe hashobora kuba hameze nk'urutare, cyangwa hakazamuka gato hejuru.

Ni hehe ku mubiri utu duce tudasanzwe dukunze kugaragara cyane?

Utu duce tudasanzwe dushobora kugaragara ahantu hose ku mubiri wawe, ariko dukunze kugaragara kuri:

• Mu gice cy'umubiri (urugero: mu gituza, mu nda, mu mugongo)
• N'impande z'amaboko n'amaguru
• Mu mutwe
• Ijosi
• Urusato rw'umutwe (Ushobora kubura ibi kuko biri inyuma y'umusatsi, bityo koresha indorerwamo cyangwa ushake undi muntu ubirebe.)

Ni izihe ngorane zindi zishobora guterwa n'iyi `(Dysplastic Nevi)`?

Uretse ibyago byo kurwara melanoma, niba ufite utudomo twinshi tudasanzwe, uba ufite ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'amaso (melanoma y'amaso) . Kubwibyo, uzakenera kwisuzumisha amaso buri gihe.

Ni gute abaganga bamenya ibi bintu bidasanzwe (Dysplastic Nevi)?

Niba ukeka ko ufite uduheri tudasanzwe, ni byiza kureba umuganga w’uruhu, umuganga w’inzobere mu ndwara z’uruhu. Nibo bashobora gusuzuma no kuvura indwara nk’iz’uruhu na kanseri y’uruhu neza.

Muganga wawe ashobora gukora ibizamini nk'ibi bikurikira:

• Gusuzuma uruhu: Rimwe cyangwa kabiri mu mwaka, imbeba zawe zizasuzumwa niba nta mpinduka zabayeho. Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe warwaye melanoma, ushobora gusabwa gukora ibi bipimo buri mezi atatu kugeza kuri atandatu.
• Gupima uruhu rw'uruhu: Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha igikoresho cyihariye cyo gukuraho ibara ry'uruhu cyitwa dermatoscope kugira ngo harebwe ibitagenda neza mu ruhu rw'uruhu bitagaragara n'amaso. Ni nko kureba uruhu rw'uruhu ukoresheje mikorosikopi. Ibi bigufasha kubona neza imiterere n'amabara by'uruhu rw'uruhu.
• Gushushanya imbunda:Ibi bikoresha kamera yihariye (inafite lenzi yo gupima uruhu) kugira ngo ikore ikarita y’uruhu rwawe n’ibisebe byarwo muri mudasobwa. Ibi bituma byoroha kugereranya impinduka mu bisebe uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ibisebe byinshi.

Ese ushobora kubona impinduka zidasanzwe mu bice?

Ushobora kubikora rwose! Ni ngombwa kwipimisha uruhu buri gihe. Niba ufite utudomo tudasanzwe cyangwa ibindi bintu bishobora gutera kanseri y'uruhu, abaganga bakugira inama yo gusuzuma uruhu rwawe nibura rimwe mu kwezi . Ushobora kandi gufata amafoto no kuyabika kugira ngo urebe impinduka uko ukwezi ku kurundi.

Mu gihe ureba aho hantu, ibuka itegeko rya ABCDE twavuze mbere.

• A (Asimmetrical): Ese imiterere yayo nta simmetrical?
• B (Umupaka): Ese impande zimeze nk'izidahuje cyangwa zijimye?
• C (Ibara): Ese amabara arenze rimwe avanze?
• D (Ubugari): Ese ingano yayo ni nini kurusha agakoresho k'ikaramu (karenga mm 6)?
• E (Ihindagurika): Ese ahantu hagenda hakura, hahinduka imiterere, cyangwa ibara uko igihe kigenda gihita? Ese hari uburibwe, kuva amaraso, cyangwa ububabare?

Niba ubonye ikintu kidasanzwe, ntugafate ko "Iki ni impanuka gusa," maze uhite ujya kwa muganga. Nubwo byaba ari ibintu bito, ni byiza ko ujya kwisuzumisha.

Ufata ute ibi bintu bidasanzwe?

Ubusanzwe, imbeba idasanzwe ntikenera ubuvuzi bwihariye, keretse iyo isuzuma ry’uruhu (ikizamini gifata igice cy’uruhu) ryemeza ko ari kanseri cyangwa ko ifite impinduka mbere ya kanseri. Niba muganga wawe avuze ko imbeba ari imbeba idasanzwe cyangwa ikaba idakora neza cyane , bivuze ko ibyago byo kurwara kanseri ari byinshi. Muri icyo gihe, muganga wawe azavura imbeba akoresheje ubundi buryo bwo kubaga.

Uburyo bwo kuvura imbeba zitameze neza ni ukubaga no gukuraho imbeba n'uruhu ruto ruzima ruri hafi yayo. Iyo isuzuma ry'imyakura ryemeza ko imbeba itameze neza ari kanseri (melanoma), muganga wawe ashobora kubaga byinshi, cyangwa agakoresha uburyo bwitwa Mohs surgery . Ubu buryo butuma ingirabuzima fatizo zimeze neza uko bishoboka kose.

Ese nshobora kwirinda ko habaho ibizinga bidasanzwe? Ni gute nakwirinda izuba?

Nubwo kugira ibisebe bidasanzwe byongera ibyago byo kurwara melanoma, gukuraho ibisebe bisanzwe ntabwo bigabanya ibi byago.

Nta kintu na kimwe wakora kugira ngo wirinde burundu kugaragara kw'ibizinga bidasanzwe, kuko hari n'impamvu ikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo. Ariko niba ubifite, ni ngombwa kurinda uruhu rwawe kwangirika n'izuba. Nanone, ntugakoreshe tanning beds.

Kora ibi bintu kugira ngo urinde uruhu rwawe izuba:

• Gabanya gusohoka mu masaha y'akazi kenshi gashoboka (ubusanzwe kuva saa yine za mu gitondo kugeza saa yine z'umugoroba).
• Niba ugiye hanze, ambara ingofero nini, imyenda y'amaboko maremare, n'indorerwamo z'izuba.
• Menya neza ko ukoresha amavuta yo kwisiga afite SPF ya 30 cyangwa irenga . Siga iminota 15-30 mbere yo kujya hanze. Ongera usige buri masaha abiri niba ubyuya, utose, cyangwa utwitswe n'izuba.
• Irinde gushyira abana bato (bari munsi y'amezi 6) ku zuba ryinshi uko bishoboka kose.

Ubuzima bw'umuntu ufite `(Dysplastic Nevus)` bumeze bute?

Abantu benshi bafite uduce tudasanzwe (ndetse n'uduce dusanzwe) ariko ntibarwara kanseri y'uruhu. Ariko, ni ngombwa kugenzura uruhu rwawe buri gihe kugira ngo urebe impinduka zidasanzwe. Gutahura no kuvura indwara nka melanoma hakiri kare bishobora kurokora ubuzima. Rero ni ngombwa kumenya no kudatinya.

"Indwara y'indurwe idasanzwe" ni iki?

Abantu bafite indwara ya atypical mole syndrome baba bafite umubare munini w'uduheri kandi bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara melanoma. Nubwo inyinshi muri izi ndurwe ari izisanzwe, zimwe ntizisanzwe. Indurwe zimwe zishobora kuba nini kurusha kimwe cya gatatu cya santimetero (hafi mm 8).

Indi ndwara yitwa Familyal Atypical Multiple Mole Melanoma (FAMMM syndrome) . Ibi bigira ingaruka ku bagize umuryango umwe. Ihinduka ry’uturemangingo tw’umubiri w’umuntu (gene mutation) ryongera ibyago byo kurwara udukoko duto (atypical moles) na melanoma. Abantu bafite FAMMM syndrome bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara melanoma inshuro zigera kuri 25.

Hanyuma, ibi nibyo ngomba kubabwira (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Abantu benshi bafite uduheri tudasanzwe, ariko ntibigera bagira melanoma. Ariko niba ufite uduheri tudasanzwe, twitwa dysplastic nevi, gira akamenyero ko kugenzura uruhu rwawe buri gihe (skin self-exams). Muri ubu buryo, ushobora kubona impinduka iyo ari yo yose vuba. Muganga wawe ashobora kukwigisha uburyo bwo kwisuzuma no kukubwira impinduka ugomba kwitondera. Bashobora kandi kukubwira kuza kwisuzumisha buri gihe, no gusuzumisha amaso yawe. Niba ubonye impinduka ku ruhu rwawe, jya kwa muganga wawe ako kanya. Kumenya kare ni ingenzi. Ntugatinye, ni byiza kubimenya. Wite ku ruhu rwawe, ukomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza!

Uduheri , Uduce tudasanzwe, Dysplastic Nevus, Kanseri y'uruhu, Melanoma, Ubuzima bw'uruhu, Imirasire y'izuba